MGNT 3600 Final Exam

Economic order quantity

A company that embroiders t-shirts, uses 15,000 plain t-shirts annually. The optimal order quantity is 500 shirts. The company embroiders approximately 150 shirts daily. Which of the following allows the company to determine how much and how often inventory should be ordered? Materials requirement planning Just-in-time inventory management Inventory ordering process Economic order quantity Independent demand system

increasing outcomes.

A group of assembly line workers at an automobile manufacturing plant felt that they were being severely underpaid. Their bosses wouldn't give them a chance to explain their problem. So, the group approached a labor union to help them with their problem. In terms of equity theory, this group is trying to restore equity by: rationalizing inputs. changing the referent. changing instrumentality. employee turnover. increasing outcomes.

virus

A group of programmers created a program in the form of a website and released it through the Internet. Whenever any user clicked on the site, the program would get triggered and caused his entire hard drive to get formatted. In this context, the programmers created a _____. bar code firewall data cluster sequence pattern virus

work team

A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state-of-the-art pediatric unit. The hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a(n) _____. functional department autonomous unit work team crowd skilled group

team diversity

A research group is composed of students of theology, actors, and musicians as well as the more traditional marketing experts and statisticians. Given this information, it is can be inferred that the group is high in _____. team cohesiveness team diversity team level collectivism structural accommodation

one of the components that leads to job performance was weak.

A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have, as nearly as possible, identical skills and abilities. Both are assigned potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. Based on this information, one can say that: job performance and motivation are unrelated. the concepts of synergy and job performance are faulty. one of the components that leads to job performance was weak. nothing motivates some people. both sales teams had identical motivation levels.

semi-autonomous work group

A(n) _____ is defined as a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service. employee involvement team traditional work group self-designing team semi-autonomous work group conventional work team

work team

A(n) _____ is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes. work team crowd mob work crew organization

make-to-order

A(n) _____ operation does not start processing or assembling products until it receives a customer order. line-flow make-to-stock make-to-order continuous flow assemble-to-order

external causes

According to attribution theory, the defensive bias makes workers more likely to attribute their performance problems to _____. external causes personal factors perceptual filters cognitive dissonances halo effects

instrumentality

According to expectancy theory, in order for employees to be highly motivated, ____ must be high. competency reinforcement usage instrumentality equity referent power

team management

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, leaders who use the _____ style of leadership show high concern for production and for people. authority-compliance team management country club impoverished management middle-of-the-road management

Supportive leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate? Directive leadership Supportive leadership Leadership empowerment Achievement-oriented leadership Participative leadership

disposition

An individual's _____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner. disposition personality motivation locus of control extraversion

communication

Baxton Courier Services recently equipped all of its employees with electronic tablets in order to track the whereabouts of the shipments precisely. The cost that Baxton Courier Services incurred is an example of _____ cost. extraction procedural communication archival holding

conduct a job analysis

Before beginning to recruit job applicants, organizations must _____. advertise for job candidates promote the existing employees conduct a job analysis introduce new product lines organize internal job posting

Task structure

Burton is the founder of Netball.com, an online gaming site. He hired a few developers and a few experts in marketing. He set the goal of making Netball one of the top ten Internet gaming sites in the next five years and clearly defined the job responsibilities of each of his employees and the procedures that were to be followed in order to achieve that goal. Which of the following situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation is emphasized in this scenario? Task structure Relationship orientation Self-confidence Locus of control Perceived ability

customer defections

Controlling financial performance does NOT examine _____. financial ratios customer defections cash flow income statements budgets

occur when three or more database elements occur together in a significant way

Data clusters _____. are data transformed into complex, scrambled digital codes help identify database elements that are different are used to create samples for statistical analyses occur when three or more database elements occur together in a significant way occur when two database elements tend to occur together in a significant way

immediate

Feedback is more likely to be constructive when it is _____. judgmental immediate stereotyped overcritical general

consideration

Fusion Inc. is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Fusion's CEO Paula relies on her employees to locate new trends. Paula usually consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should sell. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. In the context of leadership behaviors, Paula is demonstrating _____. emotional instability consideration charisma reward power coercive power

kinesics

In nonverbal communication, the term _____ refer to movements of the body and face. kinesics proxemics semantics mnemonics semitones

use diversity pairing

In order to take a step toward ensuring the change of stereotypical beliefs and attitudes, companies should _____. promote the glass ceiling avoid change agents stop social integration use diversity pairing discourage assimilation

expectancy

In terms of expectancy theory, when _____ is strong, employees believe that their hard work and efforts will result in good performance, so they work harder. valence equity expectancy synergy instrumentality

authentication

In the context of protecting information, _____ is making sure users are who they claim to be. authorization encryption decryption distinction authentication

lower-order needs

In the context of the different kinds of needs, a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____. intangible needs perceptional needs motivational needs performance needs lower-order needs

customer satisfaction

In the context of total quality management, _____ is an organizational goal to provide products or deliver services that meet or exceed customers' expectations. market response customer satisfaction market focus positive framing added value

diversity pairing

In the nursing home industry, pairing two younger workers with an older worker creates more job opportunities for the older workers. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. This would be an example of a type of mentoring called _____. awareness training coaching diversity pairing social integration acculturation

organization

In the perception process, _____ is the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge. conceptualization organization interpretation retention attention

private company networks that allow employees to easily access and share information using Internet software

Intranets are _____. Internet browser-based encryptions that provide secure off-site web access to some data and programs standardized protocols used to authenticate and authorize internal network users public networks that are only used for business-to-business transactions private company networks that allow employees to easily access and share information using Internet software publicly funded networks designed for specific industries

doing what he is told to do.

Joshua, an employee at Waves Corp., is a member of a typical traditional work group. Joshua should expect to be responsible for: doing what he is told to do. cross-training employees who are not part of his work team. making decisions and solving problems regarding major production or service tasks. giving advice and making suggestions to the management. creating ideas through processes like brainstorming.

standards

Nutrimax is popular pizza maker that sells low-calorie pizzas. The company produces a wide range of pizzas with more than a hundred topping choices. Nutrimax has a large customer base as it offers great variety. Philip, the owner of the company, has appointed Sarah to monitors the quality of the pizzas. Sarah is involved in quality management; she modifies quality check processes when necessary. The quality of the pizzas is checked at every stage, right from making the dough to packaging the baked pizza. She has set specifications for the texture of the crust, the quantity of cheese, and the temperature of the ready-to-serve pizza. Every pizza has to meet these specifications.Sarah frequently asks the suppliers to send sample raw materials so that she can test their quality. She also seeks customer reviews and complaints. Sarah makes sure that customer complaints are addressed by incorporating changes in the quality of pizzas and the service. Refer to Nutrimax Pizzas. Sarah checks the quality of the pizzas by checking whether they meet the specified _____ such as the right texture. standards feedback loops cognitive maps informational cues undefined heuristics

higher-order and lower-order needs

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic categories of needs are _____. tangible and intangible needs physiological and psychological needs higher-order and lower-order needs extrinsic and intrinsic needs realized and unrealized needs

employees believe that telling managers about problems will not make a difference

Organizational silence occurs when _____. an organization is going to engage in a leveraged buyout an organization refuses to answer customer complaints employees are encouraged to discuss company issues with the news media employees believe that telling managers about problems will not make a difference managers shut down all efforts to conduct grapevine communications in the organization

trait

Over the past decade, professional baseball has evolved into an increasingly dysfunctional, sharply divided game of big-time haves and small-time have-nots. A few big market teams like the New York Yankees and the Los Angeles Dodgers leverage huge television contracts to acquire top talent at top salaries. Clubs in smaller cities with meager budgets make do with what's left. This trend has not proven true for the Oakland Athletics. From 2000 to 2006, the A's finished first in their division 5 times and second 2 times, all the while spending about one-third of the money as the Yankees on player payroll. The team's success as a small-market team is credited to its general manager Billy Beane. Billy Beane is a man who knows how to do more with less. He believes that change is important for an organization's success. He relentlessly exploits market mismatches by mining data his rivals ignore and by scooping up assets that others have undervalued, an approach made famous in Michael Lewis' Moneyball. He realizes that every player must be evaluated according to his long-term economic impact on the team. People who work with Beane describe him as "monomaniacal, ardent, and controlling." Refer to Oakland Athletics. By describing Beane as ardent and controlling, his co-workers are using the _____ theory to define their leader. trait path-goal motivation decision contingency situational leadership

directive

Over the past decade, professional baseball has evolved into an increasingly dysfunctional, sharply divided game of big-time haves and small-time have-nots. A few big market teams like the New York Yankees and the Los Angeles Dodgers leverage huge television contracts to acquire top talent at top salaries. Clubs in smaller cities with meager budgets make do with what's left. This trend has not proven true for the Oakland Athletics. From 2000 to 2006, the A's finished first in their division 5 times and second 2 times, all the while spending about one-third of the money as the Yankees on player payroll. The team's success as a small-market team is credited to its general manager Billy Beane. Billy Beane is a man who knows how to do more with less. He believes that change is important for an organization's success. He relentlessly exploits market mismatches by mining data his rivals ignore and by scooping up assets that others have undervalued, an approach made famous in Michael Lewis' Moneyball. He realizes that every player must be evaluated according to his long-term economic impact on the team. People who work with Beane describe him as "monomaniacal, ardent, and controlling." Refer to Oakland Athletics. One of the reasons for Beane's success is his ability to let employees know precisely what is expected of them, give specific guidelines for playing baseball (e.g., All pitchers are instructed to throw strikes on the first pitch and to throw as few pitches as possible during each inning.), and make sure players follow these standards of performance. Beane is a(n) ____ leader. directive participative supportive autonomous proactive

15

Pamela makes cloth dolls, which she sells to friends and relatives. Her total inventory includes over 200 yards of fabric, 100 yards of ribbon, a box of 500 eyes, stuffing, 20 dolls in various stages of completion, and 15 completed dolls. How many items are in Pamela's finished goods inventory? 100 500 15 20 835

waste prevention and reduction

Process modification, material/product substitution, and good housekeeping are the three strategies used for _____. waste toxicity analysis waste reuse waste incineration waste prevention and reduction waste treatment and disposal

paralanguage

Rose knew by the shrillness of her teacher's voice that she was really in trouble and would probably be placed in after-school detention. Rose's teacher used _____ to communicate dismay. ortholanguage metalanguage paralanguage kinesics semitones

manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management.

Self-managing teams are different from semi-autonomous work groups in that team members: are responsible for doing the work or executing the task, but they do not have direct responsibility or control over their work. offer advice and suggestions to the management, they do not have the authority to make decisions. manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management. control and change the design of the teams themselves, the tasks they do and how and when they do them, and the membership of the teams. have partial authority to make decisions that are typically made by supervisors and managers because their managers still play an important role.

openness to experience

Someone is described as having a mind-boggling breadth to his curiosity. In terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of _____. openness to experience conscientiousness agreeableness extraversion autonomy

normative control

The Fluminese Corporation has decided to upgrade its customer service department. This move is consistent with the organization's belief that customers deserve utmost attention. Employees at the company are also expected to act in accordance with these values and beliefs. In this case, the Fluminese Corporation is demonstrating _____. bureaucratic control concertive control normative control objective control output control

virtual team

The Turnpike Authority of the state of Lakewood encountered several challenges while constructing tunnels. Hence, itcreated a national team of tunnel experts to develop road tunnel engineering principles, traffic flow patterns, and maintenance practices through the use of telecommunications and information technology. In this scenario, this group of tunnel experts can be best categorized as a _____. self-directed team normative team virtual team multifunctional team technological team

structured

The _____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time so that all candidates are asked the same questions. informal structured scripted unconventional piecework

service reliability

The ability to consistently perform a service well is referred to as _____. service reliability serviceability responsiveness service tangibility durability

job specification

The city of Bridgedale issued a new recruitment publication for its Fire Service. The publication lists all of the qualifications needed to become a firefighter. This recruitment pamphlet can be best categorized as a(n) _____. job specification task inventory labor resource guide job description organizational chart

downward communication

The concept of "urban legends" (a story that appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in various forms and is usually false posted on the Internet) and Internet scams are a real problem for some businesses. Fine Baby Foods was flooded with 1 million letters and 80,000 phone calls from parents responding to an e-mail about a phony class-action lawsuit. Another urban legend about Costa Rican flesh-eating bacteria that affected banana shipments cost that industry more than $30 million. F & M Inc. had to deal with claims that its Febreeze product contained Agent Orange, a dangerous chemical. The top managers of these companies instructed their subordinates to do their best to reassure their customers. Refer to Urban Legends. Top managers who encouraged subordinates to do everything in their power to assure customers that the Internet myths about their companies were false engaged in _____. downward communication information diffusion upward communication establishing a grapevine horizontal communication

Gossip chain

The concept of "urban legends" (a story that appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in various forms and is usually false posted on the Internet) and Internet scams are a real problem for some businesses. Fine Baby Foods was flooded with 1 million letters and 80,000 phone calls from parents responding to an e-mail about a phony class-action lawsuit. Another urban legend about Costa Rican flesh-eating bacteria that affected banana shipments cost that industry more than $30 million. F & M Inc. had to deal with claims that its Febreeze product contained Agent Orange, a dangerous chemical. The top managers of these companies instructed their subordinates to do their best to reassure their customers. Refer to Urban Legends. When an employee of a well-known beverage company received an e-mail which stated that half a rat's body had been found in a bottle of one of its competitor's products, the employee forwarded the e-mail to everyone who worked in his office. What kind of a grapevine communications network did this employee use? Cluster chain Stratified chain Formal network Social network Gossip chain

serviceable

The easier it is to maintain a working product or fix a broken product, the more _____ that product is. reliable serviceable variable tangible alterable

achievement

The owner of a small local chain of retail stores that targets affluent women and carries eclectic lines of wrapping paper, stationery, invitations, and gifts, has expressed a strong desire to expand nationwide. According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, the owner has a need for _____. achievement esteem growth self-actualization affiliation

inventory records, the master production schedule, and the bill of materials

The three key parts of materials requirement planning (MRP) systems are _____. aggregate inventory, suppliers' invoices, and bills of laden inventory records, trend analyses, and production schedules inventory records, the master production schedule, and the bill of materials suppliers' invoices, distribution schedules, and inventory records inventory turnovers, master production schedules, and storage space

ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can _____. recognize that age discrimination is not a very widespread problem hire workers under 40 ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other give additional training to younger workers compared to older workers create more glass ceilings

made autocratic decisions

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____. made consultative decisions used a participative leadership style made autocratic decisions used a selling leadership style used an adaptive leadership style

job descriptions and job specifications

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are _____. recruiting guidelines and selection boundaries job descriptions and job specifications rater training and selection validation employee-needs assessment and performance appraisal evaluation employee-needs assessment and job mapping

transformational

UPS was founded in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business. The founder of UPS was able to encourage and get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers. Due to this reason the company was able to succeed. In this context, the founder of UPS displayed _____ leadership. transformational substitute autocratic transactional directive

social integration

When the world's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either of ages over 50 or under 30. This age difference brought conflicts on important decisions which the company identified as a threat to its growth. _____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities. discrimination heterogeneity social integration organizational plurality acculturation an integrative locus of control

Perceptual filter

Which of the following causes people exposed to the same information to often disagree about what they saw or heard? Defensive bias Empathetic listening Antagonism Perceptual filter Straightforward communication

Self-dealing

Which of the following is NOT a component of self-control? Self-management Self-set goals Self-observation Self-dealing Self-rewards

Set corporate objectives

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cybernetic control process? Develop and implement program for corrective action Set corporate objectives Compare with standards Measure performance Analyze deviations

Amortization

Which of the following is NOT a kind of cost associated with maintaining an inventory? Ordering Stockout Holding Amortization Setup

Nonrenewable materials

Which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock? Raw materials Nonrenewable materials Component parts Finished goods Work-in-process

Input control

Which of the following is NOT a method managers can use to achieve control in their organizations? Bureaucratic control Self-control Concertive control Normative control Input control

Conflict management training

Which of the following is NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams? High degree of autonomy Empowerment to control resources Structural accommodation Conflict management training Ability to change organizational policies and procedures

The bureaucratic perspective

Which of the following is NOT one of the four perspectives measured in the balanced scorecard approach to control? The financial perspective The bureaucratic perspective The customer perspective The internal business perspective The innovation and learning perspective

Always resolve issues by consensus

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for minimizing the occurrence of affective conflict and having a good fight? Establish common goals Work with more, rather than less, information Maintain a balance of power Inject humor into the workplace Always resolve issues by consensus

The control process is continuous.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the control process? The control process is unbridled. The control process is stringent. The control process is periodic. The control process is stable. The control process is continuous.

The goal congruence rule

Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality? The subordinate conflict rule The goal congruence rule The worker readiness rule The commitment requirement rule The commitment probability rule

Behavioral observation scale

Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure? Behavioral observation scale Sales quota Production rate Revenue Customer complaint rate

Attitudes

Which of the following is an example of deep-level diversity? Age Gender Race Attitudes Physical capabilities

Is it difficult for another company to create or buy the information technology used by a firm?

Which of the following is one of the critical questions companies need to address in order to sustain a competitive advantage through information technology? Who will have access to the information technology? Will the purchase of the information technology be viewed as an expense or as an investment? Does a firm's use of the information technology violate any ethical standards? Is it difficult for another company to create or buy the information technology used by a firm? What government regulations may influence the company's use of information technology?

Retrieval cost

Which of the following is the cost of accessing already-stored and processed information? Extrapolation cost Extraction cost Communication cost Acquisition cost Retrieval cost

Processing cost

Which of the following is the cost of turning raw data into useful information? Optimization cost Processing cost Retention cost Extrapolation cost Maximization cost

They are inexpensive and easy to use.

Which of the following is true of electronic scanners? They transmit information by converting it into radio waves. They help discover patterns and relationships in large amounts of data. They are inexpensive and easy to use. They convert raw data into meaningful information. They store huge amounts of data.

Planned readings

Which of the following methods of training should be used for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? Group discussions Planned readings Role-playing Case studies Vestibule training

Role-playing

Which of the following methods of training should be used when the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors? Group discussions Lectures Role-playing Case studies Films and videos

Reliability

Which of the following quality characteristics can be applied to both goods and services? Reliability Serviceability Durability Homogeneity Tangibility

Hearing is perception of sounds, while listening is making a conscious effort to hear.

Which of the following statements about hearing and listening is true? Hearing and listening are synonymous with each other. Hearing is perception of sounds, while listening is making a conscious effort to hear. Both hearing and listening require paralanguage for the communication process to occur. Listening is a passive action, while hearing is an active action. Listening is an involuntary behavior, and hearing is a voluntary behavior.

Listening is a voluntary behavior.

Which of the following statements about listening is true? Listening is the process of perceiving sounds. Listening is a voluntary behavior. Listening is an unconscious process. Listening is unimportant for the Generation X employees. Listening should be judgmental.

For companies, higher productivity can lead to lower costs.

Which of the following statements about productivity is true? Productivity is a ratio of benefits to costs (i.e., benefits divided by costs). For companies, higher productivity can lead to lower costs. For countries, higher productivity leads to a lower standard of living. Productivity decreases make products more affordable. With higher productivity companies need to sacrifice normal profits.

Skill-based pay is more effective for self-directing teams performing complex tasks.

Which of the following statements about team compensation is generally true? Skill-based pay works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving productivity, cost savings, or quality. Skill-based pay is more effective for self-directing teams performing complex tasks. In skill-based pay programs, companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as productivity increases, cost savings, or quality improvements, with their workers. Gainsharing programs pay employees for learning additional skills or knowledge. Skill-based pay programs tend to be most effective when teams or team-based interventions, such as total quality management, are first introduced.

It is the total revenue that an organization makes in a given year.

Which of the following statements best describes economic value added (EVA)? It is the amount by which one department of an organization benefitted at the cost of another. It is the amount by which profits exceed the cost of capital in a given year. It is the amount that is required to be paid in order to implement a new control system. It is the total revenue that an organization makes in a given year. It is negative when company profits exceed the cost of capital in a given year.

Diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees.

Which of the following statements explains why diversity makes good business sense? Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings. Diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings.

Emotional stability

Which of the following traits refers to the ability of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong? Honesty Integrity Emotional stability Self-confidence Cognitive ability

Feedforward control

_____ is a method of gathering information about performance deficiencies before they occur. Counter control Reactive control Response control Feedforward control Concurrent control

Job performance

_____ is a multiplicative function of motivation times ability times situational constraints. Leadership skill Creativity Job performance Valence Compliance

Diversity

_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there. Cultural advantage Affirmative differentiation Diversity Cultural proaction Acculturation

Negative reinforcement

_____ is also called avoidance learning. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction Intermittent reinforcement

Constructive feedback

_____ is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees. Empathetic feedback Participative feedback Solicited feedback Constructive feedback Dyadic feedback

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

_____ is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment. Bona fide sexual harassment Quid pro quo sexual harassment Adverse impact sexual harassment Disparate gender treatment Hostile work environment sexual harassment

Inventory turnover

_____ is the number of times per year that a company sells its average inventory. Stock rollover Average aggregate inventory The average inventory replacement cycle Inventory turnover The ratio of inputs to outputs

Reinforcement

_____ is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior. Consequential modification Behavioral substantiation Valence manipulation Instrumentality Reinforcement

Benchmarking

_____ is the process of determining how well other companies (though not just competitors) perform business functions or tasks. Benchmarking Downsizing Deskilling Rebranding Divesting

Protecting information

_____ is the process of ensuring that data are reliably and consistently retrievable in a usable format for authorized users, but no one else. Decryption Capturing information Data insulation Protecting information Processing information

Selection

_____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job. Job validation Pool enrichment Recruiting Selection Job inventorying

Behavior control

_____ is the regulation of the conduct and actions that workers perform on the job. Behavior control Output contrrol Feedforward control Input control Subjective control

Compressed

_____ pay structures have few pay levels and small differences in pay between levels. Graded Compressed Stratified Hierarchical Commissioned

Bar codes

_____ represent numerical data by varying the thickness and pattern of vertical lines. Biometrics Quick response codes Bar codes Radio frequency identification tags Electronic scanners

Attribution theory

_____ states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior. Attribution theory Behavioral reflection principle Causality theory Principle of consideration Theory of empathetic reinforcement

Turnover costs

_____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries. Contribution margins Turnover costs Product obsolescence Training costs Employee pilferage

Electronic scanners

_____, which convert printed text and pictures into digital images, have become an increasingly popular method of capturing data electronically. Electronic data interchanges Electronic scanners Radio frequency information digitizers Perceptual filters Bar coding devices