MGT 291 Midterm Exam (Quizzes)

Values are influenced by culture.

True

Diversity is mostly about demographics

False

Personality is unstable in the context of work.

False

Self-serving attributions are always dysfunctional.

False

The economic consequence of not addressing front line employee emotions is not a problem.

False

The way we view someone is always the same as the way the other person views him- or herself.

False

Theory Y managers assume that most workers have little ambition, and believe that employees dislike work and will attempt to avoid it whenever possible.

False

There is a lot of empirical evidence to support Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

False

Values are all conscious.

False

People with Type B personalities have no stress at all.

False. Everyone experiences stress we just show it in different ways

Deep-level diversity means observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender.

False. These are aspects of surface-level diversity

Which of the following is considered diversity?

a.) All of these b.) Life experiences c.) Where someone is from d.) Educational background Answer: A

Which of the following is not a type of value?

a.) terminal b.) extrinsic c.) primary d.) instrumental Answer: C

Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being careful, thorough, responsible, organized, and planful as well as being hardworking, achievement-oriented, and persistent?

conscientiousness

What term refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people?

Projection

How many generations are currently represented in the workforce?

4

Diversity can be a source of creativity and innovation that can create _____.

A competitive advantage

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a dramatic increase in workers ____ during the next decade.

Age 65 and older

Stereotypes can be based on which of the following?

Appearance Gender Behavior

Researchers view individuals' reactions to unfairness as an evolutionary-based response that is ________________.

Automatic Retributive Emotional

Research has found that emotion can influence which of the following?

Decision Making Leadership Turnover

______ refers to individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values, personalities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes.

Deep-Level Diversity

Which of the following are examples of instrumental values that guide our behavior in pursuit of our terminal goals?

Independence Honesty Ambition

___________ is an approach to job design that increases a job's complexity to give workers greater responsibility and opportunities to feel a sense of achievement.

Job enrichment

Individual differences are important to organizations because they influence ____________.

Job performance and turnover

A goal is most likely to be attained when ________________.

People are strongly committed to it People are given feedback showing progress towards their goal

What term refers to the dynamic mental attributes and processes that determine individuals' emotional and behavioral adjustments to their environments?

Personality

Employees work harder and are less likely to quit their jobs when _______________.

They have positive attitudes about the company and work environment They are satisfied with their jobs Their personal values are consistent with the organizations values

Although hygiene factors such as pay, status, and working conditions produce an acceptable working environment, they do not increase satisfaction.

True

Although many managers view diversity as a benefit to their companies, researchers are more divided on the effects diversity has on workgroup performance.

True

Attitudes express our values, beliefs, and feelings toward something, and inclines us to act or react in a certain way toward it.

True

Empowerment is consistent with Theory Y.

True

Engaged employees give their full effort to their jobs, often going beyond what is required because they are passionate about the firm and about doing their jobs well.

True

Ethically speaking, it is important to monitor your own behavior to reduce inequities in how you treat others, even if the differences seem small.

True

If employees perceive that an inequity exists, they are likely to withhold some of their contributions, either consciously or unconsciously, to bring the situation into better balance.

True

It is not realistic to claim or to pursue an "I'm totally unbiased" stance with regard to diversity.

True

Over time, surface-level diversity becomes less important, and deep-level diversity becomes more important to group cohesiveness.

True

People with Type A personalities often experience a frustrated sense of wasting time when not actively engaged in productive activity.

True

Rather than using a demographic characteristic to make organizational decisions, it is best to focus on the underlying characteristic that drives any differences in behavior.

True

Stereotypes are hard to change.

True

There is no one best way to motivate employees—flexibility in applying motivational tools is essential to managerial performance.

True

We have a tendency to favor colleagues of our own race in hiring, performance evaluations, pay raises, and promotions.

True

How might a manager best address the concept of self-actualization?

assign challenging tasks and empower workers

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called ___________.

attribution

What is one of the more recent reasons that is important to have diversity in today's business world?

barriers that once separated the world's people are no longer there (for example, time, distance, or politics)

Whereas attitudes can be thought of as __________ about something, emotions are _____________.

judgements, experience

Mangers should place individuals with a _______ tolerance for ambiguity in well-defined and regulated tasks.

low

According to Herzberg, _________ are factors intrinsic to the job that can drive an employee to pursue excellence and whose presence increases satisfaction.

motivators

According to David McClelland, wanting to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others is called a

need for affiliation

People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics. This phenomenon is an example of which of the following?

the halo effect