MGT 300 Chapter 13

Despite being faced with several obstacles, Fiona achieved every goal set by her manager and was pleasantly surprised to receive the Employee of the Year award. Fiona demonstrated

high persistence.

While Bill was rather disappointed with his yearly bonus, he still believed that his manager provided a clear and sufficient explanation about how his performance contributed to the bonus amount. Bill perceives a high degree of _______ justice from the manager's behavior.

informational

To help his company achieve its sales goals, Jason puts in a lot of extra time at the office. This effort is considered a(n)

input

Liv is very dedicated and believes that if she puts in the effort to perform at a high level, her organization will provide financial rewards and growth opportunities. According to expectancy theory, this belief demonstrates the concept of

instrumentality

Sam's manager is very respectful and, even when delivering constructive criticism as part of ongoing feedback, is always encouraging and helpful. Sam perceives a high degree of _______ justice from the manager's behavior.

interpersonal

According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual

is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations.

Organizational behavior modification is sometimes criticized because it

is overly controlling and can negatively impact creativity and individuality.

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

job security.

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a

low need for affiliation and a high need for achievement

A(n) _______ is a requirement for survival and well-being.

need

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of

overpayment inequity

In Maslow's hierarchy, managers must first ensure a person's _______ needs are fulfilled in order to have a motivated workforce.

physiological

When Juan violated his company's Internet policy, he was immediately fired. This is an example of

punishment

Yanesh knows he works more hours and has delivered more code than most of his peers and yet receives less compensation. His sense of inequity is likely to cause him to

put forth less effort on the job

As a reward for completing his assignment two weeks ahead of schedule, Diego decided to take a vacation. The reward is an example of

self-reinforcement.

A manager for a food distribution company wants to stimulate high motivation and performance in the coming month. Based on the goal-setting theory, what goal would be most appropriate for the manager to set for each representative?

sell 10 percent more than the previous month

Employee stock options are most often used

to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals.

Chen-Chu performs the same job tasks as her coworkers, but she believes she is being paid less. This is an example of

underpayment inequity

A manager provides outcomes to his subordinates for good performance in the form of rewards that they value. According to expectancy theory, the manager is motivating through

valence

According to the expectancy theory, the term _______ refers to how desirable each of the outcomes available from an organization is to a person.

valence

A few weeks ago, Jenny started working in a hospital kitchen. Part of her job involves interacting with patients, but she is uncertain what approach to use. Jenny noticed that her coworker, Riley, had a good rapport with the patients, so she began using a similar approach. This is an example of

vicarious learning.

_______ explains why employees are highly motivated if they believe that working hard will lead to high performance and ultimately desired outcomes.

Expectancy theory

_______ theory considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs on achieving high performance and accomplishing organizational target

Goal-setting

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, what behavior might an employee exhibit relative to needs fulfillment?

If frustrated with needs fulfillment at one level, an employee will focus on a lower-level need.

Several employees at a product distribution company came up with some efficiency improvement strategies and brought their ideas to the foreman. After the suggested strategies were implemented, the company saw a notable decrease in costs so the foreman rewarded the employees with a half-day off and a team outing. This example reflects the _______ approach to compensation.

Scanlon plan

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

a sense of accomplishment

How could a manager use expectancy theory to boost employees' motivation?

by expressing confidence in their competence and ability to successfully reach the goal

According to the expectancy theory, a manager wanting to motivate using instrumentality should

define an incentive plan that links greater outcomes to higher performance.

Elijah makes sure that all his sales representatives receive the same percentage of commission pay. This is an example of

distributive justice.

Dell works hard and always meets his sales quotas so that he never misses a volume bonus and is consistently recognized as a top salesperson. Dell is _______ motivated

extrinsically

A company is competing with other companies for skilled employees in an extremely competitive environment. To ensure top-rated employees will be motivated to stay and not jump to a competitor, the company should

grant employee stock options

As someone driven by intrinsic motivation, Luca works hard because

he appreciates the feeling of accomplishment his work provides him.

Melissa is driven to take on challenging tasks and perform them to the best of her ability. She also values her relationships with peers and makes time to build those connections. According to McClelland's needs theory, Melissa has a

high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement.

Carol is a manager who believes that carefully monitoring and maintaining control over employees is more important than maintaining cordial relationships with them. According to McClelland's needs theory, Carol has a

high need for power and a low need for affiliation

_______ explains what drives or will drive people to achieve organizational goals and is therefore central to effective management.

Motivation