MGT 300 Chapter 14
Which of the following are among the nine most common influence tactics?
Consultation Inspirational appeals Rational persuasion
Trina never disagrees with what her manager asks her to do on a project, even if she thinks there is a better way to do the job. Which type of follower does Trina represent?
Helpers
Which of the following leadership models are categorized as situational approaches to leadership?
House's path-goal model Fiedler's contingency model
What are the dimensions of situational control identified by Fiedler's contingency leadership model? are leader-member relations, task structure, and ______.
leader-member relations position power task structure
Alexis chooses to manage her team through a management-by-exception approach. She only becomes involved if there is a problem. Which of the following would best describe Alexis's leadership approach?
Passive leadership
Which leadership model holds that an effective leader makes desirable rewards available to workers and increases workers' motivation by clearly outlining the behavior that will help them achieve those goals and rewards?
Path-goal leadership
Which leadership model states that successful leaders help followers by tying meaningful rewards to goal accomplishment, reducing barriers to achieving those goals, and providing subordinates with support?
Path-goal leadership
Frank asked a coworker for help on a project by saying, "I'm asking this as a friend. This is what friends do for one another. Can I count on you?" Frank is using which type of influence tactic?
Personal appeals
Deb is frustrated because, while she assigns responsibilities to members of her staff, the human resource director makes any final decisions about staff bonuses. Which aspect of situational control is Deb concerned with?
Position power
What type of follower is likely to be the least compliant with a leader?
Rebels
Brandon has earned the trust and respect of his staff by consistently modeling the positive behaviors he expects from them. What type of power does this describe?
Referent
When situational control is moderate, which of the following is the optimal leadership style according to Fiedler's contingency leadership model?
Relationship-oriented leadership
Jordan enjoys working at his company because it has the philosophy that every employee is making an important contribution. As a result, there is a mutual level of respect among all employees. In this situation, the company is creating a feeling of ______.
community
How much did U.S. companies spend on leadership coaching in 2016?
$14 billion
Transactional leaders try to get people to do ordinary things, while ______ leaders attempt to get people to do exceptional things.
transformational
According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, situations in which leaders' decisions produce predictable results because they can influence work outcomes are characterized as ______-control situations.
high
In what ways do transformational leaders inspire trust in their followers?
Being persistent Being consistent
Power directed at helping others, as opposed to helping oneself, is known as ______ power.
socialized
Which of the following would be categorized as relationship-oriented leadership behaviors?
Consideration behavior Servant leadership Ethical leadership Empowering leadership
What type of organizational culture is more likely to foster transformational leadership?
Adaptive
A servant leader would display which of the following characteristics?
Commitment to the growth of people Focus on listening
To be effective, a person employing influence tactics should do which of the following?
Be subtle. Be authentic. Rely on the core.
Which characteristics are associated with leaders rather than with managers?
Being a visionary Inspiring others Providing emotional support
Which of the following are common types of power used by leaders within an organization?
Coercive Legitimate Reward Expert Referent
Which of the following are aspects of considerate leader behavior?
Creates mutual respect Encourages identification with the team Promotes social interactions
Jason is an effective leader because he has created a climate in which employees have a strong belief in their own abilities and the personal motivation to accomplish organizational objectives. Which type of leadership would best describe Jason's style?
Empowering leadership
How do transformational leaders encourage growth among subordinates?
Empowerment One-on-one mentoring
What type of leadership represents normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model?
Ethical
Which of the following are employee characteristics identified in House's path-goal leadership model?
Experience Need for achievement Locus of control Need for path-goal clarity Task ability
Which of the following are likely characteristics of transformational leaders?
Extroverted Proactive Agreeable
True or false: Employees who have a poor relationship with their boss should expect the boss to change.
False
True or false: House's revised path-goal theory has been tested enough to verify its overall conclusions.
False
True or false: Task-oriented leaders are best suited to handle all situations.
False
Which leadership approach asserts that leadership behavior varies across a wide number of leadership styles, ranging from take-no-responsibility leadership to transformational leadership?
Full-range
Which leadership approach suggests that leadership behaviors vary along a continuum of leadership styles, from passive through transactional to transformational?
Full-range
What is the relatively stable trait that is grounded in the belief that something greater than the self exists?
Humility
Which of the following are forms of task-oriented leadership behaviors?
Initiating-structure leadership Transactional leadership
What are key behaviors for transformational leaders?
Inspirational motivation Intellectual stimulation Individual consideration Idealized influence
Which leader behavior identified by the path-goal theory emphasizes collaboration and teamwork and facilitates communication and the resolution of disputes?
Interaction facilitation
What are some of the implications of transformational leadership for managers?
It requires ethical leadership It can improve results for both individuals and groups It can be used to train employees at any level
Which of the following behavioral outcomes are associated with a high leader-member exchange?
Job satisfaction Justice Task performance
Ethical leadership encourages which of the following?
Job satisfaction Worker motivation
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a pressure tactic?
Juan threatens to fire you if you do not make your sales quota at the end of the month.
Jonathan manages a department of 10 people. Once he got to know each of the individual employees, he realized it would be best for him to approach them with projects in different ways. For example, Shaina likes to know the final goal of every project, while Carson only wants the details of his task. Which type of leadership is based on having different relationships with different subordinates?
Leader-member exchange
Within situational control, the extent to which a manager has or does not have the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group is known which of the following?
Leader-member relations
Which of the following are implications that are offered by House's revised path-goal theory?
Leaders should modify their style to fit the employee characteristics and situational factors in the leadership situation. Leaders should help employees to achieve their goals by helping to clarify the path to those goals and removing obstacles to achieving them. Effective leaders will possess and likely use more than one style of leadership
Natalie loves her work at the shoe production facility. She is inspired by the company because, for every pair of shoes someone buys, the company gives a pair of shoes to a child in need. What type of leadership is this company providing that empowers Natalie?
Leading for meaningfulness
Research demonstrates that transformational leadership yields positive results in several areas, including which of the following?
Levels of intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and work engagement Leadership effectiveness and employee job satisfaction Measures of organizational effectiveness
What is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done while facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives?
Managerial leadership
According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, in which of the following situations will a relationship-oriented leadership style be optimal?
Moderate-control situations
The phrase "the power of the purse strings," meaning that managers can approve raises and other monetary incentives for employees, describes which type of power?
Reward
What term describes understanding who you are and what you stand for?
Self-awareness
Which leadership approach focuses on providing increased service to others rather than to the leader?
Servant
According to research findings, followers seek and admire leaders who create which of these feelings?
Significance Excitement Community
According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, the amount of influence a manager has in the immediate work environment is known as what?
Situational control
An integrated model of leadership considers which of the following to create leadership effectiveness?
Situational factors Traits, gender, and skills Power and influence
The employees at the shipping warehouse have a set of routines that they follow every day. Their job is outlined in detail, and the process of fulfilling orders that come in is easily understood. Which aspect of situational control does this represent?
Task structure
According to Fiedler's contingency leadership model, which two of the following are seen as leader orientations or styles?
Task-oriented Relationship-oriented
Which effect occurs when people who are incompetent at something are unable to recognize their own incompetence?
The Dunning-Kruger effect
Which of the following best describes the dimension of situational control known as leader-member relations in Fiedler's contingency leadership model?
The extent to which a leader has or lacks the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group
Which of the following help ensure transformational leaders get positive results from their employees?
They reward high moral conduct. They have a code of ethics in place. They are committed to diversity
What approaches to challenges do transformational leaders often inspire in their employees?
To question the status quo To view problems as personal challenges
To create effective managers, companies should do what?
Train them on task and relationship management.
Tyrone's management style could best be described as the "carrot or the stick" approach. If his subordinates perform to expectations, he will reward them; if their performance falls short of expectations, he will punish them. Which leadership style does this describe?
Transactional
What type of leader excites passion, inspiring and empowering people to look beyond their own self-interest?
Transformational
Which type of leader transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interest?
Transformational
True or false: According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), a leader has different relationships with different subordinates.
True
Leaders who are self-aware tend to lead with which of the following?
Trust Authenticity A sense of purpose
Match each style of leadership behavior (at left) as defined by path-goal theory with the statement (at right) that best corresponds to it. Value-based Supportive Work facilitation Interaction facilitation
Value-based - "We're destined to accomplish great things." Supportive - "I want things to be pleasant, because everyone's about equal here." Work facilitation - "Here's the goal, and here's what I can do to help you achieve it." Interaction facilitation - "Let's see how we can all work together to accomplish our goals."
Which of the following are proven ways to become more self-aware as a leader?
Write down priorities. Take time to reflect and learn.
A leader who displays an interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance and support and is better able to persuade others is demonstrating _______.
charisma
Kendra is the type of transformational leader who provides motivation by offering a vision that inspires and energizes her staff. Kendra is an example of a ______ leader.
charismatic
Creating and enforcing a clearly stated ______ is an important practice for transformational leaders to follow.
code of ethics
Some managers use ______ power to punish their subordinates through verbal or written reprimands, fines, or, in extreme situations, terminations.
coercive
Steve docks an employee's pay when he comes in late for work for the second time in a week. Steve is demonstrating ______ power.
coercive
John Kotter's theory suggests that management mostly involves dealing with ______.
complexity
Leader behavior that is focused primarily on group members' needs and desires and is directed at creating mutual respect or trust is referred to as ______ leader behavior.
consideration
Fiedler's ______ leadership model is determined by whether a leader's style is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and if that style is effective for the situation at hand.
contingency
Trina is the "go-to gal" when anyone in the office has problems with the computer system. She knows more about the system than anyone else, and no matter what the problem is, she can fix it. Trina has ______ power.
expert
True or false: Leadership is a narrow term that only refers to formal positions such as CEO and CFO.
false
Transformational leaders are known for encouraging their subordinates to ______.
grow and succeed
Although some people view ______ as a weakness, it is actually the belief that something greater than oneself exists.
humility
Within the LMX model of leadership, ______ exchange refers to the relationship between leader and follower and is viewed as a partnership characterized by such aspects as mutual trust and a common fate.
in-group
Conscious efforts to affect and change behaviors in others are known as ______ tactics.
influence
A "hands-off" leadership style in which the leader allows subordinates to make decisions and gives them the least possible guidance is known as ______ leadership.
laissez-faire
A leadership style characterized by a general failure to take responsibility for leading is referred to as ______ leadership.
laissez-faire
An organization's vision and strategic plan is created by ______ and then implemented by ______.
leaders; managers
Mycah complains to her boss about working overtime by saying, "I don't see why I have to finish this project tonight." Her boss responds, "Because I'm the boss and I say so, that's why." Mycah's boss is displaying ______ power.
legitimate
The type of power that all managers have that results from their formal position within the organization is called ______ power.
legitimate
A ______-control situation is one in which a leader's decisions cannot produce predictable results because he or she cannot really influence outcomes.
low
Transformational leaders have high ethical standards, but ______.
make sacrifices for the greater good
According to the LMX model, in an ______ exchange, leaders are characterized as overseers who fail to create a sense of mutual trust, respect, or common fate.
out-group
Leadership behavior that is characterized by a lack of leadership skills, such as the management-by-exception style, is referred to as ______ leadership.
passive
Within situational control, the power to make work assignments and reward and punish is called ______ power.
position
The ability to gather human, informational, and other resources to get something done is ______.
power
By communicating an organization's opportunities and strengths, as well as its weaknesses and threats, transformational leaders encourage a sense of ______ among their employees.
purpose
Trisha works hard to maintain a friendly, supportive climate in her department. Her motto is "People first, production second." Trisha exhibits ______ leadership.
relationship-oriented
Proponents of the ______ approach to leadership believe that the most effective leadership behavior depends on the circumstances at hand.
situational
According to Fiedler, the dimension of situational control referred to as task ______ is the extent to which subordinates perform unambiguous, easily understood, routine tasks.
structure
The path-goal theory of leadership identified two environmental factors that cause some leadership behaviors to be more effective than others: task structure and ______.
work group dynamics