MGT 300: Chapter 2
What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management? (Choose all that apply.)
Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, and Psychology (Page 55: The Behavioral Science Approach)
Which two management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system? Check all that apply.
Classical management viewpoint and Management science perspective (Page 61: Closed Systems, Open Systems, and the Concept of Synergy)
Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"
Contingency (Page 62: 2.6 Contingency Viewpoint)
Which of the following are components of total quality management (TQM)? (select all that apply)
Emphasize continuous improvement, Involve every employee, Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems, and Use customer and employee feedback (Page 64 to 65: TQM: What It Is)
What are two types of outputs according to the systems viewpoint? Check all that apply.
Employee satisfaction and Finished products (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.
Evidence-based (Page 63: Evidence-Based Management: Facing Hard Facts, Rejecting Nonsense)
The _____ studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of the social nature of workers and the need for good human relations in fostering employee productivity.
Hawthorne (Page 52: Elton Mayo and the Supposed "Hawthone Effect")
Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?
Hugo Munsterberg (Page 51: Hugo Munsterberg and the First Application of Psychology to Industry)
In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry? (select all that apply)
Identify the people who are best suited for a job., Identify ways managers can encourage employees to take desired actions., and Recognize the psychological conditions necessary for employees to do their best work. (Page 51: Hugo Munsterberg and the First Application of Psychology to Industry)
What is the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to management?
Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior. (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
What three individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory?
Max Weber, Henri Fayol, and Charles Clinton Spaulding (Page 49: Administrative Management: Pioneered by Spaulding, Fayol, and Weber)
Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.
McGregor and Maslow (Page 52: The Human Relations Movement: Pioneered by Maslow and McGregor)
According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?
Money, Equipment, and People (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
_____ management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
Operations (Page 58: Operations Management: Being More Effective)
What are the two branches of quantitative management?
Operations management and Management science (Page 57: 2.4 Quantitative Viewpoints: Management Science and Operations Management)
The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?
Spaulding (Page 49: Charles Clinton Spaulding and the "Fundamental Necessities" of Management)
What technique did Frank and Lillian Gilbreth use to expand on Taylor's motion studies?
They filmed workers to isolate parts of a job. (Page 49: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Industrial Engineering)
_____ management stresses continuous improvement, employee involvement, learning from customers and employees, and accurate standards for identifying and eliminating problems.
Total quality (Page 64: TQM: What It Is)
The quality-management viewpoint includes which concepts? (select all that apply)
Total quality management, Quality control, and Quality assurance (Page 64: 2.7 Quality-Management Viewpoint)
Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system?
Transformational processes, Outputs, Feedback, and Inputs (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
True or false: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.
True (Page 47: Scientific Management: Pioneered by Taylor and the Gilbreths)
Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management? (select all that apply)
Without customers, businesses wouldn't exist, A corporation can be thought of as a human community, institutionalized management practices are preferred over a charismatic cult leader and Employees should be treated as assets (Page 44: Creating Modern Management: The Handbook of Peter Drucker)
A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.
X (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.
Y (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
A learning organization: (select all that apply)
actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge (Page 67 to 68: The Learning Organization: Handling Knowledge and Modifying Behavior)
What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?
administrative and scientific (Page 47: 2.2 Classical Viewpoint: Scientific and Administrative Management)
Operations management: (select all that apply)
assists managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services, plays an important role in managing the supply chain, and governs managers' decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency (Page 58: Operations Management: Being More Effective)
Two ways for a company to guarantee quality of a product are quality control and quality ___________.
assurance (Page 64: Quality Control and Quality Assurance)
Within the quality management viewpoint, quality _______ focuses on the performance of workers and urges employees to strive for "zero defects" in the production of goods and services.
assurance (Page 64: Quality Control and Quality Assurance)
Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'
attitudes (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.
be aware of their attitudes toward employees (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
The _____ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?
behavioral (Page 48: Figure 2.2)
Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?
behavioral science (Page 55: The Behavioral Science Approach)
Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their _____.
beliefs (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
Which of the following are the key functions/roles managers must perform in order to create learning organizations?
build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact (Page 68 to 69: How to Build a Learning Organization: Three Roles Managers Play)
Max Weber said that a better-performing organization should have five positive _____ features including a clear hierarchy, formal procedures, clear division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers.
bureaucratic (Page 50: Max Weber and the Rationality of Bureaucracy)
What are two of Taylor's principles of scientific management?
carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task and evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it (Page 47: Frederick Taylor and the Four Principles of Scientific Management)
historical perspective
classical, behavioral, and quantitative
Select all of the positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.
clear hierarchy, impersonality, merit-based careers, specialists for complex tasks, and formal rules and procedures (Page 50: Max Weber and the Rationality of Bureaucracy)
A characteristic of a(n) _____ system is that it receives very little feedback from outside sources.
closed (Page 61: Closed Systems, Open Systems, and the Concept of Synergy)
By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as a: (select all that apply)
collection of subsystems and part of the larger environment (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
What are two things an individual should consider learning about a company before going to a job interview?
company's core values and culture and company mission and vision statements (Page 70: 2.9 Career Corner: Managing Your Career Readiness)
The _____ perspective on management consists of the systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints.
contemporary (Page 59: 2.5 Systems Viewpoint)
Select the two overarching perspectives about management:
contemporary and historical (Page 46: Two Overachieving Perspectives about Management: Historical and Contemporary)
Two overarching perspectives about management are the ________ perspectives.
contemporary and historical (Page 46: Two Overachieving Perspectives about Management: Historical and Contemporary)
According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.
contingency (Page 62: 2.6 Contingency Viewpoint)
Frederick Taylor believed that more efficient workers should be paid higher wages than their lower-performing coworkers, a system referred to as the _______ system.
differential rate (Page 48: Frederick Taylor and the Four Principles of Scientific Management)
The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______.
effects of lighting levels on worker productivity (Page 52: Elton Mayo and the Supposed "Hawthone Effect")
Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators.
facilitators (Page 52: Mary Parker Follett and Power Sharing among Employees and Managers)
In terms of the systems viewpoint, _______ is information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.
feedback (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?
feedback (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
Which of these things is NOT part of W. Edwards Deming's philosophy of good management?
fitness for use (Page 64: W. Edwards Deming)
In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should
hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way. (Page 51: Mary Parker Follett and Power Sharing among Employees and Managers)
Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.
human relations (Page 52: The Human Relations Movement: Pioneered by Maslow and McGregor)
Theory Y managers view workers as: (select all that apply)
imaginative and creative, accepting of responsibility, and self-directed (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.
individual workers (Page 47: Scientific Management: Pioneered by Taylor and the Gilbreths)
According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning
inputs into outputs. (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
interrelated (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
Quality control
is the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production (Page 64: Quality Control)
Complexity theory: (select all that apply)
is used in strategic management and organizational studies, is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems, recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules, and seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments (Page 61: ComplexityTheory: The Ultimate Open System)
The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract _____.
labor shortages (Page 47: Scientific Management: Pioneered by Taylor and the Gilbreths)
Theory X managers view workers as
lacking ambition (Page 54: Douglas McGregor and Theory X versus Theory Y)
A _______ organization actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.
learning (Page 67: The Learning Organization: Handling Knowledge and Modifying Behavior)
In order to build a _____ organization, managers must build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact.
learning (Page 68 to 69: How to Build a Learning Organization: Three Roles Managers Play)
Today, the word bureaucracy is associated with inflexibility. But to Max Weber, a bureaucracy was an efficient and ideal organization based on principles of _____.
logic (Page 50: Max Weber and the Rationality of Bureaucracy)
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs? (select all that apply)
love, safety, physiological, self-actualization, and esteem (Page 53: Abraham Maslow and the Hierarchy of Needs)
The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to ______.
manage work more efficiently (Page 47: 2.2 Classical Viewpoint: Scientific and Administrative Management)
Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.
management (Page 44: Creating Modern Management: The Handbook of Peter Drucker)
When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that
managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues. (Page 51: Mary Parker Follett and Power Sharing among Employees and Managers)
Management science focuses on the use of _______ to aid in problem-solving and decision-making.
mathematics (Page 57: Management Science: Using Mathematics to Solve Management Problems)
One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.
mechanistic (Page 48: Figure 2.2)
Select all of the true statements regarding Gary Hamel's thoughts on management:
much of management theory is dated and doesn't fit the current realities of organizational life, management innovation is essential to future organizational success, and we must look at management as a process, and then make improvements and innovation ongoing and systematic (Page 62: Gary Hamel: Management Ideas Are Not Fixed, They're a Process)
Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.
necessities (Page 49: Charles Clinton Spaulding and the "Fundamental Necessities" of Management)
The goal of quality assurance is _____.
no defects (Page 64: Quality Assurance)
Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.
open (Page 61: Closed Systems, Open Systems, and the Concept of Synergy)
Management science is sometimes known as _____.
operations research (Page 57: Management Science: Using Mathematics to Solve Management Problems)
In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _______.
outputs (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are: (select all that apply)
planning, leading, organizing, and controlling (Page 50: Henri Fayol and the Functions of Management)
According to Gary Hamel, management should be viewed as a(n) _____ to which ongoing improvements and innovation can be made systematically.
process (Page 61: Gary Hamel: Management Ideas Are Not Fixed, They're a Process)
The four parts of a system include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
quality (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
Quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management are all part of the _____ management viewpoint.
quality (Page 64: 2.7 Quality-Management Viewpoint)
The ability of a product or service to meet customer needs refers to _____.
quality (Page 64: Quality Control and Quality Assurance)
The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called _____.
quality control (Page 64: Quality Control)
What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective of management?
quality-management, contingency, and systems (Page 59: 2.5 Systems Viewpoint)
The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.
quantitative (Page 57: 2.4 Quantitative Viewpoints: Management Science and Operations Management)
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's personal life helped them develop ideas about improving efficiency because they
raised 12 children. (Page 49: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Industrial Engineering)
As a pioneer of administrative management, Max Weber contended that bureaucracies were
rational. (Page 50: Max Weber and the Rationality of Bureaucracy)
Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process.
rationality (Page 63: Evidence-Based Management: Facing Hard Facts, Rejecting Nonsense)
A company would rely on ISO 9000 to _____.
reduce manufacturing flaws (Page 66: Six Sigma and ISO 9000)
When Joseph Juran referred to the idea of "fitness for use," he was considering how a product would ______.
satisfy a customer's real needs (Page 64: Joseph M. Juran)
Mary Parker Follett would agree with today's concept of _____.
self-managed teams (Page 52: Mary Parker Follett and Power Sharing among Employees and Managers)
The Hawthorne studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of people as _____.
social beings (Page 53: Elton Mayo and the Supposed "Hawthorne Effect")
The Six Sigma approach relies on _____ to help improve manufacturing processes.
statistical analysis (Page 65: Six Sigma and ISO 9000)
Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______.
subsystems (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as
subsystems (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.
synergy (Page 61: Closed Systems, Open Systems, and the Concept of Synergy)
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.
system (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to ______ management behavior.
systematize (Page 50: Henri Fayol and the Functions of Management)
The ______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
systems (Page 60: The Systems Viewpoint)
Complexity theory is an offshoot of the _____ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.
systems (Page 61: Complexity Theory: The Ultimate Open System)
contemporary perspective
systems, contingency, and quality-management
The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized
the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve (Page 51: 2.3 Behavioral Viewpoint: Behaviorism, Human Relations, and Behavioral Science)
Frederick Taylor created the scientific management system after studying _____.
the physical motions workers used while doing a task (Page 48: Frederick Taylor and the Four Principles of Scientific Management)
Administrative management is concerned with managing ________.
the total organization (Page 49: Administrative Management: Pioneered by Spaulding, Fayol, and Weber)
Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the importance of learning about a company's mission and vision statements before a job interview? (select all that apply)
these statements tell you what the company wants to achieve over time, these statements tell you why the company exists, and you will be a better fit for a company if you support their mission and vision statements (Page 70 to 71: 2.9 Career Corner: Managing Your Career Readiness)
According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they: (select all that apply)
thought managers cared about their welfare, believed supervisors paid special attention to them, and received added attention (Page 53: Elton Mayo and the Supposed "Hawthorne Effect")
According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.
transformational processes (Page 60: The Four Parts of a System)
Issues with the classical viewpoint include that it: (select all that apply)
views humans as cogs in a machine, fails to account for the importance of human needs, and is overly mechanistic (Page 50: Max Weber and the Rationality of Bureaucracy)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.
what motivates people to perform (Page 53: Abraham Maslow and the Hierarchy of Needs)
