MGT 3100 - part 2

Order the stages of team development from first to last. (Note: the first stage should be the top item on your list.) -Storming -Performing -Norming -Forming -Adjourning ch.7

1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning

Place the steps in the rational decision-making process in the correct order, with the first step at the top. -Implement the selected alternative -Identify and develop possible solutions -Evaluate whether the solution has effectively addressed the problem or opportunity -Identify the problem or opportunity -Choose the alternative that offers the best chance of satisfaction -Choose the best decision-making process

1. Identify the problem or opportunity 2. Choose the best decision-making process 3. Identify and develop possible solutions 4. Choose the alternative that offers the best chance of satisfaction 5. Implement the selected alternative 6. Evaluate whether the solution has effectively addressed the problem or opportunity

Place the levels of task interdependence in order, starting with the highest level at the top of the list. -Sequential -Reciprocal -Pooled ch.7

1. Reciprocal 2. Sequential 3. Pooled

True or false: Unlike a team norm, a team role applies to all members of a team. ch.7

False

True or False: Decisiveness can negatively impact decision making because quickly forming an opinion on a problem or opportunity can short-circuit the decision-making process.

True

True or False: Employee involvement serves to strengthen employee commitment to the decision because they are involved in making the decision.

True

True or false: According to the similarity-attraction effect, we are more likely to trust coworkers who are similar to us.

True

True or false: There tends to be high accountability among employees when working on an assembly line. ch. 7

True

According to the Five C's model, which two behaviors are primarily concerned with team maintenance, rather than task performance? (Choose every correct answer.) a. Comforting b. Cooperating c. Conflict handling d. Communicating ch.7

a. Comforting c. Conflict handling

According to the Five Cs model, which team member competency involves managing the team's work so that it is performed efficiently and harmoniously? a. Coordinating b. Comforting c. Cooperating d. Communicating ch.7

a. Coordinating

What are ways to improve the process of identifying problems and opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.) a. Discussing perceptions of the situation with colleagues or coworkers b. Becoming aware of problem identification biases c. Creating a mindset that actively searches for problems and opportunities d. Being decisive and quickly forming opinions about situations

a. Discussing perceptions of the situation with colleagues or coworkers b. Becoming aware of problem identification biases c. Creating a mindset that actively searches for problems and opportunities

Under which of the following circumstances should employees be involved in the decision-making process? (Choose every correct answer.) a. If they are unwilling to accept a decision without their involvement b. If they are unlikely to agree on a preferred solution c. If they possess more knowledge and experience than the supervisor d. If solutions to the problem have already been determined from past incidents

a. If they are unwilling to accept a decision without their involvement c. If they possess more knowledge and experience than the supervisor

What are two advantages of smaller teams? a. Improved perceived support b. Higher levels of engagement c. Fewer fault lines d. Less reciprocal interdependence ch.7

a. Improved perceived support b. Higher levels of engagement

Which statements are true about the self-enhancement effect? (Choose every correct answer.) a. It is largely unconscious. b. It can lead to escalation of commitment. c. It can prevent recognition of a problem. d. It is based on a negative self-concept.

a. It is largely unconscious. b. It can lead to escalation of commitment. c. It can prevent recognition of a problem.

Which of the following are benefits of employee involvement in the decision-making process? (Choose every correct answer.) a. It strengthens employee commitment to the decision. b. It may improve the evaluation of alternatives. c. It increases the number and quality of solutions generated. d. It potentially reduces divergent thinking.

a. It strengthens employee commitment to the decision. b. It may improve the evaluation of alternatives. c. It increases the number and quality of solutions generated.

What are two motivating forces that make teams more productive at work? (Choose every correct answer.) a. Members feel highly accountable to other team members. b. Team members are focused on fulfilling individuals goals over team goals. c. The overall team acts as an independent unit. d. Each team member acts as a performance standard for other members. ch. 7

a. Members feel highly accountable to other team members. d. Each team member acts as a performance standard for other members.

The members of a product development team have begun to work together smoothly, trust each other, and commit to the objectives of the team. The product development team is in which stage of team development? a. Performing b. Norming c. Storming d. Forming ch.7

a. Performing

Which of the following are strategies for minimizing escalation of commitment and confirmation bias? (Choose every correct answer.) a. Setting a level at which the decision will be abandoned if it is not successful b. Finding a source of systematic and clear feedback c. Ensuring that people who made the original decision are not the same as those who later evaluate it d. Making sure the same people who make decisions are the ones to evaluate them

a. Setting a level at which the decision will be abandoned if it is not successful b. Finding a source of systematic and clear feedback c. Ensuring that people who made the original decision are not the same as those who later evaluate it

During a staff meeting, managers discussed the problem of reduced productivity in the manufacturing department. Gerry spoke up quickly and said, "The problem is that we need to provide more training for the employees in how to do their jobs." Which of the following best describes the problem with this manager's approach to identifying the problem? a. Solution-focused problem b. Stakeholder framing c. Mental model d. Perceptual defense

a. Solution-focused problem

Apex Manufacturing realizes it has made a mistake in hiring its new CEO but, according to the employment contract, the company paid him a sign-on bonus of several million dollars, so they decide to keep him on. Which of the causes of escalating commitment does this represent? a. Sunk costs b. Self-justification c. Prospect theory effect d. Perceptual blinders

a. Sunk costs

The saying, "Everybody loves a winner, but when you lose, you lose alone" best describes which influence on team cohesion? a. Team success b. Member interaction c. Member similarity d. Team size ch.7

a. Team success

When is a team considered effective? (Choose every correct answer.) a. When it benefits both team members and the organization b. When it no longer requires supervision by management c. When it remains intact until its goals are achieved d. When its members establish their own individual identities within the group ch. 7

a. When it benefits both team members and the organization c. When it remains intact until its goals are achieved

The development of norms enables team members to ______. a. anticipate or predict how others will act b. develop groupthink more quickly c. move from the forming to storming stage of team development d. have complete autonomy in their functioning ch.7

a. anticipate or predict how others will act

The concept that decision makers process limited and imperfect information and rarely select the best choice is referred to as ______. a. bounded rationality b. the prospect theory effect c. the rational choice paradigm d. stakeholder framing

a. bounded rationality

The tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of action is referred to as ______. a. escalation of commitment b. bounded rationality c. satisficing d. the prospect theory effect

a. escalation of commitment

Jaime championed making changes in the company's employee benefits package but now sees that many employees are angered over the changes. Instead of suggesting modifications to her plan, she tells herself that she couldn't have implemented the project without others' help, so she isn't completely to blame. This is an example of the ______. a. self-justification effect b. representativeness heuristic c. availability heuristic d. sunk costs effect

a. self-justification effect

The tendency of people in a group to put less effort into a task when the effort is shared compared to when they are responsible for their own work is known as ______. a. social loafing b. social networking c. Brooks's law d. groupthink ch. 7

a. social loafing

The Three Musketeers' motto, "All for one and one for all" (meaning that all members of the group support individual members, and the individual members pledge to support the group), is an example of ______. a. team cohesion b. Brooks's law c. nominal group technique d. evaluation apprehension ch.7

a. team cohesion

Janys was planning a trip to the beach. However, she recently saw a frightening video of a shark attack, and she now thinks it is likely that there will be shark attack at the beach. This is an example of ______. a. the availability heuristic b. the representativeness heuristic c. the prospect theory effect d. stakeholder framing

a. the availability heuristic

Bob thought that adding members to the planning committee for the charity auction would reduce everyone's workload. Much to his dismay, he discovered that having a bigger committee had the reverse effect and ate up time and effort in terms of coordination and conflict resolution. This best describes which challenge associated with teams? a. Groupthink b. Brooks's law c. Social loafing d. Leontief paradox ch. 7

b. Brooks's law

Which of the following statements about satisficing is true? a. It occurs when people downplay the negative outcomes of the selected alternative. b. It is the act of choosing an alternative that is "good enough." c. It is the ability to select the best course of action without conscious reasoning. d. It is the satisfaction an individual experiences when he or she makes the right decision.

b. It is the act of choosing an alternative that is "good enough."

Tyler works on a team of five customer service professionals. He thinks some of his team members are a little sloppy in their work habits, but he works comfortably with them because their performance is predictable. What level of team trust does this represent? a. Calculus-based trust b. Knowledge-based trust c. Identification-based trust d. Performance-based trust ch.7

b. Knowledge-based trust

Elements of the organizational and team environment that impact the effectiveness of a team include which two of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) a. Task characteristics b. Organizational structure c. Team norms d. Physical layout of workspace ch. 7

b. Organizational structure d. Physical layout of workspace

Cisco Systems has wireless technology throughout its facility and uses collaborative workspaces instead of cubicles to facilitate interaction between team members. Which element of the organizational and team environment has Cisco addressed? a. Organizational structure b. Physical space c. Organizational leadership d. Rewards ch. 7

b. Physical space

"Every time we add someone to this team, it feels like we have to start from scratch again to get everyone up to speed," David complained. This best illustrates which challenge associated with teamwork? a. Tragedy of the commons b. Process losses c. Social loafing d. Groupthink ch. 7

b. Process losses

______ occurs when people with vested interests present their interpretation of a problem or opportunity in an effort to influence the decision maker. a. The prospect theory effect b. Stakeholder framing c. Maximization d. An anchoring heuristic

b. Stakeholder framing

Which of the following involves complex calculations of data to produce a formula that points to the best choice of all alternatives? a. The prospect theory effect b. The rational choice paradigm c. Subjective expected utility d. Bounded rationality

b. The rational choice paradigm

What are reasons that people tend to follow a process using an implicit favorite when making a decision? (Choose every correct answer.) a. They avoid engaging in confirmation bias. b. They have a limited amount of information available to them. c. They seek cognitive consistency. d. They want to minimize the mental effort required.

b. They have a limited amount of information available to them. c. They seek cognitive consistency. d. They want to minimize the mental effort required.

How do faultines undermine team effectiveness? a. They increase team homogeneity. b. They inhibit communication across perceived divisions. c. They overemphasize coordination among members. d. They reduce conflict within a team. ch.7

b. They inhibit communication across perceived divisions.

The ______ refers to a decision maker's tendency to estimate the probability of something occurring by how easily we can recall those events. a. representativeness heuristic b. availability heuristic c. implicit favorite d. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

b. availability heuristic

Professor Hoffman uses many small group activities in her class, and students work together in the same groups frequently over the course of the semester. This repeated interaction would likely result in higher team ______. a. competition b. cohesion c. diversity d. conflict ch.7

b. cohesion

The process of making choices among alternatives with the intention of moving toward a desired state of affairs is known as ______. a. divergent thinking b. decision making c. scenario planning d. brainstorming

b. decision making

Thom is the marketing manager at a consumer products company. The expensive advertising campaign he planned hasn't yielded the results he expected, but rather than scrap it and try something else, he decides to invest more heavily in the campaign and run ads in more publications. This is an example of ______. a. the prospect theory effect b. escalation of commitment c. divergent thinking d. the rational choice paradigm

b. escalation of commitment

Time and energy redirected from task performance to training new team members tends to increase ______. a. production blocking b. process losses c. social loafing d. cognitive dissonance ch. 7

b. process losses

Terri has always been the star salesperson in the company and relishes her accomplishments. She has never missed her sales quotas, but this quarter's numbers are looking bad. However, she refuses to worry and tells her assistant, "I didn't get to be the Salesperson of the Year for nothing!" This is an example of the ______. a. representativeness bias b. self-enhancement effect c. prospect theory effect d. availability heuristic

b. self-enhancement effect

As a team matures and members develop similar images and expectations about the team's objectives, values, and norms, team members are forming ______. a. groupthink b. shared mental models c. collective authority d. pooled interdependence ch.7

b. shared mental models

The extent to which team members must share materials, information, or expertise to perform their jobs is referred to as ______. a. task authority b. task interdependence c. team autonomy d. task sovereignty ch.7

b. task interdependence

Amanda saw a new employee in the cafeteria and noticed that he was dressed conservatively and wore glasses. She knew that the accounting department had several openings and assumed that the new employee was an accountant. This is an example of ______. a. the availability heuristic b. the representativeness heuristic c. stakeholder framing d. bounded rationality

b. the representativeness heuristic

______ is the idea that, in decision making, people are limited by their ability to process information, their cognitive abilities, and the finite amount of time they have to make decisions. a. The rational choice view b. The availability heuristic c. Bounded rationality d. The prospect theory effect

c. Bounded rationality

Sophocles once said, "Quick decisions are unsafe decisions." This quotation illustrates which of the following problems with problem identification? a. Stakeholder framing b. Solution-focused problems c. Decisive leadership d. Mental models

c. Decisive leadership

Which of the following represents the first step in the rational decision making process? a. Implement the selected alternative. b. Choose the best alternative. c. Identify the problem or opportunity. d. Develop a list of solutions.

c. Identify the problem or opportunity.

What is the main benefit of having well-structured tasks within a team? a. It improves social loafing. b. It creates strong social networks. c. It facilitates work coordination. d. It allows for decentralized team management. ch. 7

c. It facilitates work coordination.

During which stage of team development does the team establish team roles and form consensus around group objectives? a. Forming b. Performing c. Norming d. Storming ch.7

c. Norming

Why would a team with 100 members fail to perform as well as a smaller team? a. A large team has less social influence within the organization compared to a smaller team. b. A 100-person team is unable to achieve the same level of task complexity as a smaller team. c. Not all 100 team members are able to influence each other. d. A team with 100 members eliminates the opportunity for social loafing. ch.7

c. Not all 100 team members are able to influence each other.

Xavier met with his supervisor to discuss a problem he was having with a coworker. After listening for a few minutes, his supervisor said, "The problem is that you need to stop taking things so personally." This is an example of which limitation in effective problem identification? a. Perceptual defense modeling b. Mental models c. Solution-focused problem identification d. Stakeholder framing

c. Solution-focused problem identification

In what way are teams superior to individuals in the workplace? a. Teams increase opportunities for advancement. b. Teams allow individuals to demonstrate their skills publicly. c. Teams are able to tackle tasks too complex for a single person. d. Team camaraderie keeps members focused on tasks. ch.7

c. Teams are able to tackle tasks too complex for a single person.

Under which of the following circumstances would employee involvement in decision making be preferable? a. The supervisor has sufficient knowledge and experience to make the decision. b. Employee goals and norms conflict with organizational goals. c. The problem relates to a nonprogrammed decision. d. Solutions are already worked out from past incidents.

c. The problem relates to a nonprogrammed decision.

How do mental models affect the decision-making process? a. They enhance decision makers' ability to obtain accurate information from their surroundings. b. They enable decision makers to simplify complex and ambiguous information. c. They prevent decision makers from seeing unique problems or opportunities. d. They allow decision makers to maximize the potential of the selected alternative.

c. They prevent decision makers from seeing unique problems or opportunities.

Brooks's law states that ______. a. people exert less effort when working in teams than when working alone b. highly-cohesive groups value consensus at the cost of decision quality c. adding more people to a late project only makes it later d. teams devote more time to task performance than to team maintenance ch. 7

c. adding more people to a late project only makes it later

When people make a decision, the processes of engaging in confirmation bias and seeking cognitive coherence are reasons that they tend to evaluate alternatives using ______. a. shareholder framing b. a representative heuristic c. an implicit favorite d. emotions as information

c. an implicit favorite

Sherri had never traveled to New York City before, but she had been on recent business trips to Albuquerque and Phoenix. When she learned that that the price of the hotel room she wanted was $260 per night, she was shocked because she thought that New York hotels would be priced similarly to those in Albuquerque and Phoenix. This is an example of the ______. a. opportunity heuristic b. implicit and available favorite c. anchoring and adjustment heuristic d. explicit favorite

c. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Tyler is a die-hard Iowa Hawkeyes football fan, and he just bought season's tickets. He tells everyone about the games the Hawkeyes won but does not seem to acknowledge the games they lost to some inferior opponents. This is an example of ______. a. self-justification effect b. the prospect theory effect c. confirmation bias d. anchoring

c. confirmation bias

When evaluating decisions, people often ignore or downplay the negative outcomes and overemphasize the positive outcomes of the decision. This is known as ______. a. satisficing b. divergent thinking c. confirmation bias d. the rational choice paradigm

c. confirmation bias

Joachim is the sales manager of a large car dealership. He wants to increase sales significantly over the next 12 months, and he and his staff have brainstormed several ideas to achieve this. Joachim now has to choose among these alternatives. Joachim is involved in the process of ______. a. divergent thinking b. convergent thinking c. decision making d. substitutability

c. decision making

The number of people included in a team and the personal attributes they possess are examples of team ______. a. cohesion b. processes c. design d. effectiveness ch.7

c. design

The number of people included in a team and the personal attributes they possess are examples of team ______. a. effectiveness b. cohesion c. design d. processes ch. 7

c. design

The degree to which employees influence how their work is organized and carried out is known as ______. a. workplace consensus b. a consultative democracy c. employee involvement d. divergent thinking

c. employee involvement

Jacqueline is bidding against several other people on an item at an auction. She knows the bid is already too high, but she doesn't want to give up, so she keeps bidding. This is an example of ______. a. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic b. stakeholder framing c. escalation of commitment d. divergent thinking

c. escalation of commitment

One of the problems with publicly establishing a preset level at which a decision is abandoned or reevaluated is that ______. a. it encourages maximizing rather than satisficing b. decision makers define problems in terms of solutions c. it may be difficult to identify an appropriate point to abandon a project d. involving multiple people weakens the decision evaluation process

c. it may be difficult to identify an appropriate point to abandon a project

The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution happens because ______. a. we block out bad news as a coping mechanism b. effective decision makers are not influenced by emotion c. it provides comforting closure to an ambiguous problem d. it allows us to try out new solutions to continuous problems

c. it provides comforting closure to an ambiguous problem

The highest degree of task interdependence is ______ interdependence. a. sequential b. pooled c. reciprocal d. polar ch.7

c. reciprocal

The old saying, "Close enough is good enough" is an example of ______. a. framing b. maximization c. satisficing d. intuition

c. satisficing

One of the problems with problem identification is that organizational decisions and actions are influenced by what attracts a manager's attention, rather than what is truly important. This is known as _______. a. a mental model b. solution-focused problems c. stakeholder framing d. decisive leadership

c. stakeholder framing

The ______ stage of team development is characterized by interpersonal conflict as members compete for team roles. a. adjourning b. norming c. storming d. forming

c. storming

The tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value is referred to as ______. a. subjective expected utility b. the rational choice paradigm c. the prospect theory effect d. post-decisional justification

c. the prospect theory effect

You've gone to the movie theater to see the latest release by your favorite actor. Ten minutes into the film, you realize that it's a loser, but instead of walking out, you stay to watch the rest of the movie because you figure that you've already spent $9.50 for a movie ticket and $6.50 for popcorn. This is an example of ______. a. the self-enhancement effect b. self-justification c. the sunk costs effect d. the prospect theory effect

c. the sunk costs effect

A role is a set of behaviors that people are expected to perform because ______. a. the team is in the early stages of team development b. they possess certain team member competencies c. they hold certain positions in a team or organization d. they possess certain skills and abilities ch.7

c. they hold certain positions in a team or organization

Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement? a. Describing a problem to selected employees and asking for suggestions b. Bringing together a team of employees who are asked to provide their ideas and recommendations c. Handing the decision-making process over to a team of employees with management serving as a facilitator d. Asking individual employees for specific information without describing of the problem the information is needed for

d. Asking individual employees for specific information without describing of the problem the information is needed for

Jason called his sales team into the conference room and stated, "While we're bickering with each other, our competition is gobbling up market share. It's time we set aside our differences and fight a common enemy instead of each other." Which influence on team cohesion is Jason concerned with? a. Member similarity b. Somewhat difficult entry c. Team size d. External competition and challenges ch.7

d. External competition and challenges

If you are late for a product development team meeting at JoBella Enterprises, you have to put $2 in a "Pizza Fund." This fund is used to buy lunch for the team on the first Friday of each month. This is an example of ______. a. social loafing b. task independence c. a tragedy of the commons d. a team norm ch.7

d. a team norm

Scott wanted to buy a pre-owned car. Before he started shopping, he formed an idea of what he thought the price should be for the model he wanted, given age, and mileage. This estimate is an example of the ______. a. representativeness heuristic b. prospect theory effect c. availability heuristic d. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

d. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Teams that are susceptible to faultlines are typically ______. a. homogeneous b. large in size c. very cohesive d. diverse ch.7

d. diverse

An organizational culture that discourages complacency and satisfaction with the status quo is referred to as ______. a. convergent thinking b. the prospect theory effect c. bounded rationality d. divine discontent

d. divine discontent

Teams tend to have more cohesion when ______. a. team members have infrequent interaction b. the team has many members c. members are from different backgrounds d. entry to the team is restricted ch.7

d. entry to the team is restricted

The alternative that the decision maker prefers and that is used as a comparison with other choices is referred to as the ______. a. prospect theory effect b. anchoring heuristic c. representativeness heuristic d. implicit favorite

d. implicit favorite

As a general rule, as the size of the team ______, team cohesion ______. a. decreases; decreases b. increases; remains the same c. decreases; remains the same d. increases; decreases ch.7

d. increases; decreases

Visual or relational images in our mind that fill in information we do not immediately see and help us understand and navigate in our surrounding environment are referred to as ______. a. availability heuristics b. satisficing c. representative heuristics d. mental modes

d. mental modes

A deviation between current expectations and a potentially better situation that was not previously expected is referred to as a(n) ______. a. decision b. dilemma c. problem d. opportunity

d. opportunity

In the song "The Boxer," Paul Simon sings, "A man hears what he wants to hear and disregards the rest." This would be an example of ______. a. the availability heuristic b. stakeholder framing c. satisficing d. perceptual defenses

d. perceptual defenses

We have a tendency to protect ourselves against threats to our self-concepts by blocking out bad news. This is referred to as ______. a. bounded rationality b. stakeholder framing c. satisficing d. perceptual defenses

d. perceptual defenses

"If it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, and walks like a duck, it's probably a duck" is an example of the ______. a. availability heuristic b. anchoring and adjustment heuristic c. prospect theory effect d. representativeness heuristic

d. representativeness heuristic

Jackson has had a lot of success in investing for his clients over the last few years, but his investments have soured this past quarter. Instead of re-evaluating his investment strategy, he tells himself that his investment decisions were sound and it's only a matter of time before the market turns around. This is an example of the ______. a. prospect theory effect b. availability heuristic c. sunk costs effect d. self-justification effect

d. self-justification effect

The final project in Alonzo's class is a group research paper. Knowing that the other group members will ensure the paper is completed successfully regardless of his efforts, Alonzo does not contribute much to the final project. In this example, Alonzo is guilty of ______. a. process losses b. groupthink c. violating Brooks's law d. social loafing ch. 7

d. social loafing

The tendency of people in a group to put less effort into a task when the effort is shared compared to when they are responsible for their own work is known as ______. a. Brooks's law b. groupthink c. social networking d. social loafing ch.7

d. social loafing

The degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members is referred to as ______. a. team norms b. social loafing c. groupthink d. team cohesion ch.7

d. team cohesion

Selecting a preferred alternative and then skewing other alternatives to make the chosen one appear to be "the best" is known as ______. a. the availability heuristic b. stakeholder framing c. satisficing d. the implicit favorite

d. the implicit favorite

Jake bought stock in a company several months ago and has seen it lose value ever since then. The stock is now worth less than half of what he paid for it, but he doesn't want to sell it now and accept the loss. He'd rather hold onto it, hoping that the stock will recover, even though he knows it is unlikely. This is an example of ______. a. maximization b. the representativeness heuristic c. the rational choice paradigm d. the prospect theory effect

d. the prospect theory effect

The concept known as ______ states that, given several choices of action, decision makers will choose the alternative that they expect will offer the "best outcome" or the greatest satisfaction. a. bounded rationality b. objective expected utility c. escalation of commitment d. the rational choice view

d. the rational choice view

Team __________ are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behavior of their members.

norms

A(n) __________ is a deviation between the current and desired situation.

problem