MGT 3120- multiple choice

38) During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought. A) receiver B) channel C) sender D) speaker E) leader

C) sender

10) John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________. A) conflict B) success C) defeat D) morale E) change

E) change

12) Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders? A) Fiedler's perspective B) characteristic theory C) LPC D) contingency theory E) trait theory

E) trait theory

1)________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. A) Organizational structure B) Work specialization C) Departmentalization D) Organizational behavior E) Matrix departmentation

A) Organizational structure

60) McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs? A) achievement, realization and acceptance B) achievement, power and affiliation C) power, acceptance and confirmation D) affiliation, control and realization E) control, status and relationships

A) achievement, realization and acceptance

54) The ________ component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling component of that attitude. A) affective B) cognitive C) behavioral D) evaluative E) reflective

A) affective

53) The belief that "violence is wrong" is a descriptive statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

A) cognitive

44) Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in ________. A) filtering B) selective perception C) communication apprehension D) emotional block E) selective selection

A) filtering

49) Bear State Bank has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons because several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. Bear State Bank is implementing a(n) ________ change. A) innovative B) reactive C) adaptive D) radically innovative E) proactive

A) innovative

24) A small, blockchain-based banking firm has a clan culture. Its employees have generous perks and are empowered to participate and collaborate on key projects. The end results are profitability and an enviably low 2-percent turnover rate. A clan culture has a(n) A) internal focus and values flexibility. B) strong external focus and values stability and control. C) external focus and values flexibility. D) continual focus on efficiency, cost cutting, and outsourcing. E) Internal focus and values stability and control

A) internal focus and values flexibility.

9) The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization. A) mechanistic model B) organic model C) traditional model D) bureaucracy organization E) simple structure

A) mechanistic model

36) The channel by which a communication is passed between a sender and a receiver is called a ________. A) medium B) conduit C) conductor D) transmission E) coder

A) medium

5) The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs. A) span of control B) unity of command C) chain of command D) decentralization principle E) leadership web

A) span of control

45) Lewin's change model consists of three A) stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. B) forces: employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and change agent-employee relationships. C) forms: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative. D) steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. E) types; innovative, adaptive, reactive

A) stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

22) Reminding employees about the founders at each quarterly meeting is an example of which technique for transmitting culture? A) stories B) material symbols C) language D) rituals E) tools

A) stories

29) Human resources management refers to: A) the management of people in organizations. B) concepts and techniques for organizing work activities. C) all managerial activities. D) concepts and techniques used in leading people at work. E) management techniques for controlling people at work.

A) the management of people in organizations.

14) Trait research focused on ________, whereas behavioral studies focused on ________. A) underlying traits; observable behavior B) the task at hand; relationships C) observable behavior; specific leader activities D) observable behavior; underlying traits E) identifying certain traits in leaders; relationships leaders engaged in

A) underlying traits; observable behavior

18) Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly are known as A) ethical leaders. B) authentic leaders. C) transformational leaders. D) transactional leaders. E) charismatic leaders.

B) authentic leaders

26) Employees and customers are treated like a family at Rahal Realty. Fadil and Inas Rahal, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their realty, the Rahals have built a(n) ________ culture. A) market B) clan C) adhocracy D) hierarchy E) costumer-focused

B) clan

56) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance

B) cognitive dissonance

3) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand the ________. A) chain of command B) degree of formalization C) span of control D) degree of departmentalization E) idea of matrix restructuring

B) degree of formalization

15) Some of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that arise in the development process. According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________. A) oriented toward initiating structure vs. oriented toward consideration B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented C) training-oriented vs. development-oriented D) assistance-oriented vs. growth-oriented E) authority-type leaders vs. laissez-faire-type leaders

B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented

20) A strong organizational culture may reduce A) internalizing behaviors. B) formalization. C) norms. D) the regulation of employee behavior. E) consistency.

B) formalization.

47) Which of the following is an inside force for change? A) domestic competition B) low productivity C) advancements in automation D) immigration E) Political environment

B) low productivity

19) Customers often comment on the ________ at Nate's Wine and Spirits. The employees are engaged, knowledgeable, and friendly to the point that customers describe it as a family-like atmosphere. Their "social glue" is so strong they even do things together outside of work. A) mission statement B) organizational culture C) code of ethics D) diversity plan E) company image

B) organizational culture

23) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Nunya's culture. A) story B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolism E) tool

B) ritual

13) You are the CEO of an engineering design firm that has several departments, each specializing in the design of different products. You have noticed a great deal of difference between the styles of the various department directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the departments. One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are more charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors' ________. A) behaviors B) traits C) values D) attitudes E) all of the above

B) traits

46) Go Grub's customer complaints have increased because its drivers often get lost when attempting deliveries, which means that the deliveries arrived late. The drivers have resisted using GPS systems, claiming they know their territories, but managers are now encouraging them to look for the best solution to the increased level of customer complaints. Go Grub is in the ________ stage of Lewin's change model. A) changing B) unfreezing C) evaluating D) refreezing E) implementing

B) unfreezing

7) The trend in recent years has been toward ________. A) narrower spans of control B) wider spans of control C) a span of control of four D) an ideal span of control of six to eight E) eliminating spans of control in favor of team structures

B) wider spans of control

Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________. A) formalization B) work specialization C) span of control D) chain of command E) matrix restructuring

B) work specialization

59) The two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor? A) advancement B) working conditions C) achievement D) recognition E) nature of the work itself

B) working conditions

28) After you start a new job, how can you assess whether you are a fit? A) Become a lifelong learner. B) Focus on being optimistic and making the best of everything. C) Ask yourself, "Do my values align with the organization's values?" D) Avoid becoming a victim to external influences. E) Avoid conflicts within the organization

C) Ask yourself, "Do my values align with the organization's values?"

17) The first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Blake and Mouton C) Fred Fiedler D) John Kotter E) Douglas Surber

C) Fred Fiedler

31) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The HR function in the organization is largely insulated from unethical behaviors. B) The HR department is largely responsible for the unethical behaviors of employees in the organization. C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics. D) HR management must focus on clearly illegal behaviors within the firm and leave ethics up to the conscience of each individual manager. E) HR management is only responsible for hiring, training and evaluating employees

C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics.

52) Employers can look for high ________ scores to specifically hire workers who perform well, are liked by their supervisors, and are resilient. A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) openness to experience

C) conscientiousness

30) The knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm's workers is known as: A) physical capital. B) management's philosophy. C) human capital. D) production capital. E) cultural diversity.

C) human capital.

48) A(n) ________ change involves introducing a practice that is new to the industry, such as using drones (rather than delivery trucks) to deliver products to customers. A) innovative B) adaptive C) radically innovative D) reactive E) proactive

C) radically innovative

6) If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization. A) efficient B) short C) tall D) matrix E) fat

C) tall

16) All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________. A) the proper match between the leader's style and the control the situation gives the leader B) selecting the right leadership style based on the level of the followers' readiness C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions D) making use of the best path for the goal that is identified E) the "right" traits

C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions

57) Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees: Jo: "I tell my employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand." Chris: "I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up." How would these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor? A) Both hold Theory X assumptions. B) Both hold Theory Y assumptions. C) Chris holds Theory X assumptions; Jo holds Theory Y assumptions. D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions. E) The statements would not indicate that either manager is predisposed to either Theory X or Theory Y assumptions.

D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions.

11) Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of leadership within an organization? A) Leadership is more important than management. B) Vision is a common thread throughout the research on leadership. C) Management is more important than leadership. D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. E) Leaderships and management are interchangeable terms.

D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

33)________ is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals. A) Organizational behavior B) Job performance C) Job satisfaction D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement

D) Organizational commitment

39) A(n) ________ communication network occurs when a checkout clerk reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager. A) direct B) all-channel C) vertical D) chain E) horizontal

D) chain

27)Symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals are ways in which ________ is (are) most often transmitted to employees. A) plans B) goals C) objectives D) culture E) Strategies

D) culture

37) The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message initiated by the sender. A) explain B) reproduce C) reflect D) decode E) discard

D) decode

41) All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT A) managers assigning goals for subordinates B) managers informing employees of procedures C) managers pointing out problems that need attention by employees D) employees completing attitude surveys E) managers telling employees to work more quickly

D) employees completing attitude surveys

43) Communication that takes place among members of work groups at the same level is known as ________ communication. A) tangential B) cross-functional C) job D) lateral E) downward

D) lateral

25) Terry, the owner of River City Flooring, is driven by competition. His company sells and installs custom flooring, cabinets, and countertops. River City Flooring focuses on customers by delivering quality results on tight deadlines. Terry pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals because that is what increases profits. Terry feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. River City Flooring has a(n) ________ culture. A) clan B) hierarchy C) adhocracy D) market E) People oriented

D) market

4) Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest

D) product

50) A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a ________ innovation. A) new direction B) process C) disruptive D) product E) proactive

D) product

34) Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Helena has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal. She said her failure was due to the poor economy. Helena provides an example of A) the halo effect. B) a self-fulfilling prophecy. C) fundamental attribution bias. D) self-serving bias. E) horn effect

D) self-serving bias.

35)Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of meaning. A) transportation B) interpretation C) writing D) transfer E) intention

D) transfer

32) According to the diversity wheel, which of the following is an organizational dimension? A) physical ability B) work experience C) educational background D) union affiliation E) age

D) union affiliation

42) Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of ________. A) organizational structure B) horizontal communication C) managerial communication D) upward communication E) diagonal communication

D) upward communication

40) When all communication is channeled through one person, a ________ communication network exists. A) direct B) chain C) lateral D) wheel E) box

D) wheel

58) Who proposed the two-factor theory of motivation? A) Maslow B) McClelland C) McGregor D) Vroom E) Herzberg

E) Herzberg

55) Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. What is the behavioral component of Jan's attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the office? A) Jan believes that it is important that she know exactly who is in the office at any given time. B) Jan notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch. C) Jan finds it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. D) Jan becomes frustrated with those employees who do not sign out of the office. E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out and reports them to their super

E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out and reports them to their supervisors.

21) Culture may be a liability when it is a barrier to ________. A) change B) diversity C) mergers D) acquisitions E) all of the above

E) all of the above

51) Harrison is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions? A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) extroversion D) openness to experience E) emotional stability

E) emotional stability

8) In an organization that has high centralization, ________. A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices B) all top-level officials are located within the same geographic area C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions