MGT 321 Quiz 4 (Exam 1)

About what percent of the labor force holds a college degree? 50% 5% 75% 35% 15%

35%

Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him. In this situation, Chris is exhibiting __________. a negativity bias micro-aggression a fundamental attribution bias stereotypical behavior a self-serving bias

A self-serving bias

Which of the following stimuli would be most salient? A McDonald's restaurant sign right after you've eaten breakfast. A 250-pound man at a meeting of the National Football League Players' Association. A twelve-year-old student in an MBA class. An 85-pound girl at a gymnastic class. A Mobil gas station sign when you have a full tank of gas.

A twelve-year-old student in an MBA class

Which of the following is a surface-level characteristic of a person? Educational background Seniority Personality Religion Age

Age

ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes that are contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ______ option for managing diversity. suppress deny mutual adaptation tolerate assimilate

Assimilate

Managers must accurately identify and communicate the behavioral characteristics and results they look for in good performance: at least once a year. in the middle of a review cycle. at the beginning of a review cycle. at the end of a review cycle. during the performance review meeting.

At the beginning of a review cycle

The layers of diversity include all but one of the following. Which one? Personality Organizational Internal External Attributional

Attributional

Affirmative action plans: have failed to create opportunities for women and minorities. require organizations to hire unqualified people. include quotas. are always mandated through legal processes. can negatively affect women and minorities.

Can negatively affect women and minorities

The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are: inferences, categorization, expectations, maintenance. expectations, categorization, inferences, maintenance. categorization, expectations, inferences, maintenance. inferences, expectations, categorization, maintenance. categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance.

Categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance

Eury observes that his subordinate Nate is performing and acting like the other members of the unit. He is observing: implicit factors. consensus. distinctiveness. explicit factors. consistency.

Consensus

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing: consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency. stereotypes. implicit and explicit factors. effort and ability. external and internal factors.

Consensus, distinctiveness and consistency

Camilla, a manager, notes that while Wilhelm's written reports are very thorough and accurate, his oral presentations are not effective. Camilla is looking at: implicit factors. consistency. explicit factors. consensus. distinctiveness.

Consistency

Josef, a manager, reviews Arturo's performance over the past six months and notes that during February he was late to work five times. He was not late during any other months. Josef is observing: implicit factors. consensus. distinctiveness. explicit factors. consistency.

Consistency

Carlos, a manager, is looking at records of Mary's work performance. He notes that she performed very well on task A, but poorly on task B. He is observing: implicit factors. distinctiveness. explicit factors. consensus. consistency.

Distinctiveness

The millennial generation is described as: workaholic, idealistic, competitive. entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents. self-reliant, adaptable, cynical. patriotic, loyal, and disciplined. multitasking, communicate fast and online.

Entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents

All the employees in Mostafa's unit are performing poorly on one aspect of their jobs during the month of June. They are performing well on all other parts of their job. This is likely to be attributed to: external causes. internal causes. fundamental bias. self-serving bias. nothing; there is not enough information.

External causes

Molly works as a dishwasher at a restaurant. She comes across as a very fun-loving, party-going person. One day her dog falls sick and Molly has to take him to the vet. She calls her boss and tells him that she won't be coming in to work. Her boss thinks that Molly is missing work intentionally, so that she can go out and party. Which of the following best describes the boss's perception of the situation? Leniency effect Central tendency Self-serving bias Fundamental attribution bias Halo effect

Fundamental attribution bias

The generation with the traits of multitasking, online life, cyberliteracy, and communicating fast and online is: traditionalists. gen Xers. gen 2020. baby boomers. millennials.

Gen 2020

Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation. Traditionalists Millennials Baby boomers Gen Xers Gen 2020

Gen Xers

John, a mid-level manager, noticed that all his subordinates were filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concluded that the report forms were too complicated and needed to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based? Low consistency High consistency High consensus Low distinctiveness Low consensus

High consensus

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion? Low distinctiveness High distinctiveness High consensus High consistency Low consensus

High distinctivness

If a person views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he or she is likely to make an attribution of: nothing; there is not enough information. fundamental bias. internal causes. external causes. self-serving bias.

Internal causes

Janelle, one of Abdul's employees, has performed poorly on many aspects of her job since she was hired four months ago. This is likely to be attributed to: internal causes. fundamental bias. self-serving bias. external causes. nothing; there is not enough information.

Internal causes

At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ______ or ______ factors. internal; external motivated; accidental implicit; explicit effort; ability success; failure

Internal; external

The use of implicit cognitions: causes individuals to form stereotypes. is consistent with affirmative action programs. leads people to make biased decisions. fosters cultural change. influences managers to hire good candidates.

Leads people to make biased decisions

Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes? Managers should encourage all employees to strive to increase their awareness of stereotypes Managers should provide opportunities for employees to get accurate data about the characteristics of other groups of people Managers should educate people about stereotypes Managers should create opportunities for diverse employees to work together Managers should actively ignore stereotypes

Managers should actively ignore stereotypes

The generation that currently makes up the largest number of individuals in America is: traditionalists. gen 2020. gen Xers. baby boomers. millennials.

Millennials

Of the following, which is the best action to address any type of diversity issue? Exclusion Mutual adaptation Isolation Denial Assimilation

Mutual adaptation

People tend to find _______ information more salient than _______. This leads to ______ bias. positive; negative; attribution negative; positive; negativity positive; negative; self-serving simple; complex; attribution negative; positive; attribution

Negative, positive, negativity

The fundamental attribution bias says that we tend to overattribute others' behaviors to _________ factors. situational external personal self-serving environmental

Personal

External factors include all but one of the following. Which one? Unsympathetic boss Difficult task Luck Putting forth effort Poor coworkers

Putting forth effort

Which of the following is not a technique for managers to reduce the effect of implicit cognitions in hiring? Use virtual interviews Rely on stereotypes Use multiple interviewers Undergo training to reduce bias Use structured interviews

Rely on stereotypes

In the ________ stage of social perception, individuals call upon memory. retrieval and response selective attention and comprehension storage and retention encoding and simplification action and decision-making

Retrieval and response

Sharon observes her co-worker, Robert, being rude to a newcomer. She has seen this behavior in Robert whenever the company brings in new people. She decides that Robert is being a bully and asks him to stop. Which of the following stages of information processing has Sharon just undergone? Selective attention/comprehension Storage and retention Encoding and simplification Retrieval and response Implicit cognition

Retrieval and response

You are trying to concentrate during an examination but you get distracted by the sound of another student tapping her pencil on her desk. Which of the following stages of the information processing model are you in? Recognition Retrieval and response Selective attention/comprehension Storage and retention Encoding and simplification

Selective attention/comprehension

Josephine was placed on a four-person project team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Josephine leads earned an A, while the team received Cs on the other three. Josephine believes that the reason her project was successful was because of her leadership abilities, while the reason the other projects were not so good was the inadequate leadership of the other team members. Her beliefs are likely to be reflecting: halo effect. self-serving bias. central tendency. leniency effect. negativity bias.

Self-serving bias

Kelly found that she was the only woman in her advanced statistics course, which had 30 students. Which of the following best describes Kelly's situation? She will be perceived as a salient stimulus by her classmates and thus receive their attention. Her classmates will store information about Kelly in the "semantic" compartment of long-term memory. Her instructor will likely commit the recency perceptual error when calculating Kelly's grade. Her classmates will store information about Kelly in the "event" compartment of long-term memory. Her classmates will likely ignore her.

She will be perceived as a salient stimulus by her classmates and thus receive their attention

Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been assigned in her management class are all athletes on the college's football and basketball teams. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a: negativity bias. stereotype. self-serving bias. semantic memory. fundamental attribution bias.

Stereotype

Bill provides directions to his house to Mark. Mark listens carefully to make sure that he does not forget the directions and does not get lost on the way. Which stage of the information processing model is Mark currently undergoing? Retrieval and response Storage and retention Selective attention/comprehension Implicit cognition Encoding and simplification

Storage and retention

Karrin notices immediately that one of the members assigned to her group in her marketing class is a middle-aged man. This is a(n) _______ characteristic. surface-level external deep-level attributional internal

Surface-level

The self-serving bias states that we tend to: give credit to others for their successes. take more responsibility for failure than success. over-attribute others' behaviors to personal factors. blame others for our failures. take more responsibility for success than failure.

Take more responsibility for success than failure

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges differences but does not value nor accept them? Isolation Toleration Suppression Building relationships Mutual adaptation

Toleration

Which of the following statements about the progress of women in the workplace is false? In 2010, women represented about 19 percent of college presidents In 2013, about 30 percent of federal courts of appeals and U.S. district court judges were women Women earned the majority of master's degrees from 2006 through 2012 Women earned the majority of bachelor's degrees from 2006 through 2012 Women's participation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 firms decreased between 1995 and 2013

Women's participation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 firms decreased between 1995 and 2013