MGT 340 Final

Of the approaches to job design, _______ is the most recently evolved and attempts to merge earlier perspectives.

I-deals

Communication competence is

an individuals ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context

Malcolm's boss just came into his office, obviously upset, and said, "I'm tired of you being late all the time on these projects. You need to clean up your act!" Malcolm is likeliest to respond by

becoming defensive

Ben and Jen are arguing over individual differences. Which of the following does a person have the most control over?

behavior

_____ is defined by order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change.

conservation

________ is not a function of organizational culture.

diversity management

The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.

equity

Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company's image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation?

face to face conversation

T/F American Airlines pilots created widespread slowdowns in flights to pressure their company in negotiations with their union. This was illegal.

false

T/F Anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message is known as feedback.

false

T/F Explicit leadership theory is the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers.

false

______ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

feedback

Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up, according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management. The top three facets of satisfaction include

feeling safe at work, having good relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with immediate supervisor

_________ is only weakly related to the adhocracy organizational culture.

financial performance

A decision maker is influenced by the manner in which a problem or question is stated. This represents the _______ bias.

framing

To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could

give feedback and coach the employee

Joe, a hard and productive worker, quit because he couldn't get along with his coworkers. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ________ level problem.

group

_______ is the sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives.

group cohesiveness

As demonstrated by research, ___________ is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior.

higher performance ratings and lower organizational costs

Using _________ basing a request on explicit or implied support from superiors.

legitimizing tactics

_____ is a key input to positivity from person factors.

mindfulness

While waiting to board an airplane, Mario had his earbuds on, listening to music while reading a text message. He missed his boarding group and could not find space to stow his luggage. Mario was being

mindless

_________ is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.

motivation

_________ power tends to produce _________.

reward, compliance

__________ leadership focuses on increased benefit to others rather than to oneself.

servant

Together, social awareness and relationship management constitute

social competence

Jeff says _____. He is performing a task role.

"What are we trying to accomplish and how fast can we do it?"

________ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers.

360 degree feedback

Clan organizations

Devote considerable resources to hiring and developing employees

Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation.

Gen Xers

Kevin manages a group of eight project engineers, all of whom have worked for the company for over five years. Almost every day, Kevin and Joe, Carlos, and Kim, who are three of his subordinates, go to the cafeteria and play bridge while eating lunch. Joe, Carlos, and Kim receive very good performance reviews and are typically given the most challenging projects. What theory best explains this situation?

LMX, leader member exchange

__________ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially.

Maslow's need hierarchy theory

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB, organizational citizenship behavior

When Daniel's daughter got seriously ill, his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family. Daniel is most likely to be experiencing

POS, perceived organizational support

On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management.

Step 1, defining performance

Lennie loves her job at Vail Corporation. She is even a community ambassador. Lennie exhibits all of the following qualities except a) pessimism b) urgency c) focus d) intensity e) enthusiasm

a

When monitoring performance, Frank watches all of the following except a) setting goals b) time c) quantity d) quality e) financial metrics

a

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions? a) emotional intelligence b) extraversion c) openness to experience d) conscientiousness e) agreeableness

a

The Ethics Review Board at XYZ College is composed of students who were elected by the student body. When a student is charged with an ethics violation, the board meets to hear both sides of the dispute in a confidential meeting. Their decisions are not binding on the parties, according to college policies. They are acting as

a peer review team

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't. According to the _________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

affective

Jennifer wins an art contest. She attributes the outcome to luck. Jennifer is likely to have

an external locus of control

Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her coworkers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing

an external locus of control

In the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

anchoring

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would a realistic job preview normally be provided?

anticipatory socialization

At work, Jenna always volunteers to help others on their projects. But, she really resents the extra work and constantly complains to her friends that she is doing everyone else's job. Jenna is not _____; she needs to be more self-aware of what she takes on.

authentic

Fred always announces his decisions at weekly staff meetings. He doesn't waste time asking for employee input because he already knows what he wants to do. This reflects ________, the lowest level of empowerment.

authoritarian power

Fiona was telling her friend about the freedom and discretion given to her in scheduling and deciding the procedures used to complete the tasks assigned to her. Which of the following job characteristics was she talking about?

autonomy

Of the following, ________ is the least frequently used influence tactic. a) personal appeals b) pressure c) inspirational appeals d) coalition tactics e) exchange

b

Proactivity has been shown to be related to all of the following except a) social networking b) intelligence c) performance d) satisfaction e) affective organizational commitment

b

The __________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders.

behavior styles

Based on the contingency approach, to define performance _______ goals can be used in most jobs.

behavioral

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude.

behavioral

The manager of the Conquest Casino notices that the security employees at the casino are treating customers impersonally. He sets a goal that they should make better eye contact and treat customers in a friendlier manner. This is a(n) _______ goal.

behavioral

Larry Page, Google's cofounder and former CEO, describes the culture as a "family" environment. He said, "My job ... is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel they're having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. ... It's important that the company be a family, that people feel that they're part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity." This is an example of _____ culture.

clan

______ is employees' shared perceptions of policies, practices, and procedures of an organization.

climate

George has persuaded most of his department to support a cancer run this spring. He really wants to get Nathan on board since Nathan frequently runs in marathons. George asks Terry, Sandy, and Marvin to "work on Nathan." This is using ______ to get others to support your efforts to persuade someone.

coalition tactics

Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising _______ power.

coercion

Tony believes that cell phone use—even in restaurants—helps people manage their busy lives. Tony's belief reflects the __________ component of his attitude

cognitive

To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need

cognitive abilities

Tony has a full courseload and a full-time job. He has tried everything he can think of to help him deal with his stress, but nothing has worked. He plans to go see a counselor next week. What method relies on therapeutic intervention?

cognitive restructuring

The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n)

comparison of the ratio of the outputs to inputs

_______ is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which a neutral third party informally acts as a communication conduit between the disputing parties.

conciliation

Roger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.

conformation

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Josef, a manager, reviews Arturo's performance over the past six months and notes that during February he was late to work five times. He was not late during any other months. Josef is observing

consistency

In the leniency perceptual error, a person

consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion.

Acme Company would like to reduce stereotyping and combat in-group thinking by creating social hours after work where members of different ethnicities and races can mingle and learn more about each other's backgrounds and interests. This would be an example of

contact hypothesis

"What are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This statement reflects which theories of motivation?

content

The two general categories of motivation theories are

content and process

Pop's Ice Cream Store sales were down 15 percent this summer. The owner, Pop, says that in his experience rainy summers mean lower ice cream sales. Jonathan, his assistant, notices the staff at Pop's appear uninterested and slow to serve customers. He would like to replace at least one of them with a younger college student for the rest of the summer. Jonathan is using a(n) ______ perspective

contingency

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a(n) _________ schedule is in effect.

continuous

Dr. Hogan carefully chose the final exams written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error.

contrast effect

Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality. Jerome, another team member, just wants to get it done quickly. Using Ajzen's model, what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?

create a positive attitude

In an out-group exchange, a leader is attempting to

create more formality in expectations and rewards

Managers should not attempt to raise subordinates' self-efficacy by

creating routine jobs that are boring but easy to perform

_________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.

crucial conversations

Maria, a local high school student, has an interest in marine life. She applies for a mentee position and is matched up with a mentor who treats her interest in marine life as important. The scientist also helps Maria understand the relationship between statistics, an area where she is struggling in school, and her interest in marine life. Jenny begins to understand the statistics used by the scientist while conducting marine research. Which stage of the mentoring process is Maria experiencing?

cultivation

The __________ phase spans two to five years and entails the junior person receiving a host of career and psychosocial guidance.

cultivation

The first of the basic elements for selecting an effective solution is

determine the criteria for the decision

The stages of OD are, in order,

diagnosis, intervention, evaluation, feedback

Meryl wants to buy a used car, and she can spend $4,000. She meets up with Sandy who wants $4,750 for her 2008 Toyota. Meryl can't go any higher. This is an example of _________ negotiation.

distributive

Jill has joined the police academy. During the training process, Jill and the other cadets are made to wear uniforms and maintain an immaculate appearance. The trainers address her as "officer" instead of using her first name. All the cadets are told they are no longer ordinary citizens but representatives of the police force. This is the ______ form of organizational socialization.

divestiture

Which of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track? a) job satisfaction b) employee engagement c) POS d) organizational commitment e) turnover

e

Which of the following is the least fixed of a person's individual differences? a) attitudes b) intelligence c) cognitive abilities d) self esteem e) emotions

e

_____ creates positivity from situation factors. a) leadership that does not use "carrots and sticks" b) pursuit of higher purpose c) a culture focused on a higher purpose d) stakeholder interdependence e) shareholder centrism

e

Ghandi stated, "If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have had it at the beginning." What emotion does this represent?

efficacy

As HR Director at a large manufacturing firm, it is Henry's responsibility to ensure that employees are properly compensated according to a biweekly time schedule. Many of Henry's employees chose to have their pay checks automatically deposited into their designated bank accounts. However, it is still necessary to inform these workers that their pay has been properly deposited. Which of the following communication media should Henry choose to convey this information?

email

Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on

emotional stability

Otto wants to develop a program to increase employee productivity. He suggests doubling each employee's production quota and providing a 2 percent bonus for meeting these expectations. According to expectancy theory, what result can Otto expect?

employee efforts will probably decrease

_________ is the step of Kotter's eight-step model that involves eliminating barriers to change.

empowering the broad based action

_________ is(are) the efforts to enhance employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes.

empowerment

In the _________ phase of organizational socialization, employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.

encounter

______ is the richest form of communication.

face to face exchanges

T/F A holistic hunch represents a judgment that is based on a conscious integration stored in memory.

false

T/F A norm is a set of expected behaviors for a particular position.

false

T/F A strategy represents a long-term goal that describes what an organization wants to become.

false

T/F Ashley finds herself waking up at night frequently thinking about a report she must present to the vice presidents of her firm at the end of the month. She is experiencing social work-family conflict.

false

T/F Carla has been asked to analyze the needs of Supreme Research's largest clients. She has not done this type of task before, so her supervisor provides feedback on the analysis of each customer. Continuous reinforcement schedules are detrimental when employees are learning a new task or skill.

false

T/F Common sense focuses on the past, and because of this, it is strong in responding to the unexpected.

false

T/F Linguistic intelligence refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern.

false

T/F Shaniah and Raoul have dinner at a trendy new restaurant. They have to wait for 30 minutes, despite being on time for their reservation. The hostess who seats them does not apologize for the delay. The food is wonderful but expensive, and the service is terrible. When they leave, they pick up their coats at the coat room. The attendant is polite, prompt, and remembers that they left a package with her as they were going into dinner. Despite this, Raoul leaves no tip. This is an example of the positivity spiral.

false

T/F The ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions is known as emotional stability.

false

T/F There is only one model of the causes of job satisfaction.

false

Sam has worked for the company for 30 years and is very good, although slow at his job of putting together reports on the department's performance. Recently, Susan, his new manager, talked with him about adopting a new software program that would make his job easier and quicker to accomplish, and allow him to take on additional responsibilities. Sam doesn't want to adopt this new software because his old way of doing the reports has worked just fine. How would you describe the most likely cause of Sam's resistance?

fear of failure

Surface-level characteristics include _____, age, and race.

gender

Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project for her. Susan is most likely feeling

gratitude

Three months ago, XYZ Corporation changed the way the typing pool is organized from a self-managed team to a more traditional structure in which employees receive their assignments from a direct supervisor. Since then, three of the seven employees have left the organization. ______ is the OB perspective applied here.

group

General Widgets, Inc., manufactures high-quality widgets. The widget industry is mature and few innovations occur. The widgets have to be built exactly according to particular specifications provided by customers. This requires the use of controlled processes and precise measurements. The company also needs to maintain high efficiency in its production process in order to meet the market demand. For this company, stability is more important than flexibility. Which of the organizational cultures is best suited for General Widgets?

hierarchy culture

David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took 24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?

high distinctiveness

_______ is reflected in this statement: "I feel I am a person of worth, as good as other people."

high self esteem

Inez was content with her job at Pieces Packaging until the company added two levels of supervision, lowered bonuses, and decreased breaks. Her current dissatisfaction reflects ______ factors.

hygiene

Simone wants to become a partner in her Atlanta law firm. She knows that if she bills the most revenue, it will help her get her partnership. This _____ can lead to unethical behavior.

ill conceived goal

______ is one advantage of having a face-to-face conversation.

immediate feedback

Rinaldo is working on a financial analysis of a potential acquisition. It has taken three days of concentrated effort. Jeff stops by to ask for advice. Rinaldo says he can't break his concentration just then. Rinaldo is

in the zone

Harriet works at Good Steaks, a local bar and restaurant. Her manager is always barking orders at her, saying she needs to move faster, be nicer to the customers, do her share, etc. Harriet starts to come in to work late, and tries to schedule shifts when the manager isn't in. She doesn't even smile at the customers much. Harriet is reacting to

incivility

Shoney's hired African Americans to fill positions of dining-room supervisors and vice presidents, added more franchises owned by African Americans, and purchased more goods and services from minority-owned companies. This represents the _____ option that organization can use to address diversity issues.

include/exclude

A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of

information seeker/giver

"Carolyn, you are the best facilitator we have. Can you help me to create a discussion guide for my focus group?" This is a soft influence tactic, known as

ingratiation

______ is the leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output.

initiating structure

Janice has transferred to the contract management group at the HMO that employs her. She has been through two months of training and is now working closely with Nancy to better understand the values and expectations of the group. Janice is in the ____ phase of mentoring.

initiation

Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish a new goal—that the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as

initiator

When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict handling style is appropriate.

integrating

Connie knows that Benton Inc. is not growing. In fact, it's lost a lot of business to new competitors. She asks her managers 1. What is Benton Inc. doing wrong? 2. What can the company do to turn things a round? 3. Should the goals or mission of the company change? She wants them to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems. What kind of behavior is Connie exhibiting?

intellectual stimulation

Johan does well at work because he is able to think constructively, reason, and problem solve. Johan is exhibiting

intelligence

______ refers to the amount of effort that we invest in an activity.

intensity

People bring their abilities, goals, and experiences to each and every situation, which often changes the situation. Conversely, because situations have unique characteristics, such as opportunities and rewards, they change people. This dynamic reflects the interactional perspective, which explains that behavior is a function of

interdependent person and situation factors

Mike hosts a talk radio program that discusses political issues. He often receives emails and tweets that are very critical of his positions. However, these messages don't bother him. It is likely that he is high on _______ intelligence.

intrapersonal

The distinction between flexible and fixed individual differences

is that managers have little or no impact on fixed differences

OB is important in all facets of school and work because

it helps us understand and manage people

In XYZ hospital, members of the cleaning staff have begun to actively care for patients and their families. This is an example of

job crafting

__________ is defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work.

job crafting

A firm trained its customer service representatives who handled telephone inquiries to handle walk-in customers as well. The firm engaged in

job enlargement

Of the following, ______ is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of procedural justice.

job performance

By ___________, a person can develop self-awareness.

knowing his or her own strengths and limits

CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is

learning a new skill

Ethan tried to convince his subordinates to accept a new policy by showing them that the policy is consistent with the organizational rules and policies. He also showed them that the people above him had already supported and sanctioned the policy. What influence tactic was Ethan using?

legitimizing tactics

Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.

leniency

________ intelligence will be most closely related to a performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test.

logical mathematical

The advantage of _________ as a means of overcoming change is that it can be a relatively quick and inexpensive solution to resistance problems.

manipulation and co-optation

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of

noise

Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using ________ goals.

objective

Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc. This is her first day. Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company's mission statement and policies, go over her job description, and learn about the technology systems in use. This type of experience is an ______ program.

onboarding

Teams with high levels of ______ and ______ deal with task conflict better than those without these characteristics.

openness and emotional stability

When Jennie sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is

operant behavior

Recently, the Acme Explosives Company was sold to a new owner, Roadrunner Inc. The operations of the two organizations are going to be merged, with several of the manufacturing locations possibly to be eliminated. ______ is the most likely OB perspective to apply.

organizational

Sharon quit her job because she felt that her department's reward system favored men. This would be diagnosed as a(n) _________ level problem.

organizational

Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________.

organizational and individual

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and

organizational citizenship behaviors

_____ creates positivity from situation factors.

organizational climate

____________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines

organizational climate

______ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

organizational commitment

____________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

organizational culture

__________ are intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed by or aligned with those of the organization.

organizational politics

Janis is in charge of marketing for a department store sale. During previous sales, she has had success using only radio advertisements to draw customers into the store for a sale. A colleague suggests TV commercials as another approach to marketing. Janis is resistant to change because she knows that the radio advertisements have worked. What form of resistance to change is Janis exhibiting?

past success

Macallan Financial investment makes decisions based on financial research, interviewing managers and employees at companies under consideration, and assessing the _____ by examining annual rankings contained in independent sources such as Fortune and Working Mother. These rankings measure communication, work-life balance, training and development, recognition for hard work and teamwork.

potential for advancements

_______ is the ability to marshal resources to get things done.

power

Juan finished the special report for the vice president of marketing. He spent many extra hours compiling this report and knows it has excellent quality. _____ is the emotion Juan is most likely experiencing.

pride

____________ is associated with entrepreneurialism.

proactivity

Bettina wants to make the Dean's List this semester. She is doing well in all of her courses except Accounting. This presents a(n) _____ for Bettina.

problem

The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called ______ justice.

procedural

A(n) ______ theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation.

process

______ is a lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others.

psychopathy

Barney is late to work one morning, so he drives over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he gets pulled over by a police officer and receives a ticket. This scenario is an instance of

punishment

In a complicated decision environment, a manager should use the _______ method of decision making.

rational

In the last step of Lewin's model of change, _________, role modeling is probably the most powerful way to get others to follow.

refreezing

Katie is a very positive manager. She's optimistic about the company, the goals, and she rarely gets upset, even when things go wrong. Katie is a __________ leader.

relationship oriented

Leon Law Offices only hires graduates from Ivy League schools because clients have been impressed by those credentials in the past. This is an example of ________ , and in this case, the "school attended" criterion is being used to facilitate complex information processing associated with employment interviews.

representativeness

Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing.

storming

Negative reinforcement is

strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing

______ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants.

surface level

The self-serving bias states that we tend to

take more responsibility for success than failure

Ellen has worked on a project to market a new medication from beginning to end—advertising, packaging, etc. The design program wins an award. Ellen's _____ is high.

task identity

According to Fiedler's theory, a high-control situation favors a __________ leader.

task motivated

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

team

People with moderate emotional stability __________ than people with low emotional stability.

tend to perform more OCBs

_________ is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts.

the Delphi technique

Javier is dealing with several employees who are chronically late. He unilaterally decides to dock everyone's daily pay 5 percent if they are more than 10 minutes late. Javier will have better results using

the contingency approach

In the United States, the judicial system is an example of _________. It is based on hearing directly opposing points of view to establish guilt or innocence.

the dialectic method

The idea of perceived organizational support is that if treated well, employees are motivated by

the norm of reciprocity

Why do recruiters use virtual interviews?

to reduce problems associated with implicit cognition

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.

transactional leadership

T/F A group role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.

true

T/F Alice wants to join THS, the Theatrical Honor Society. She plans to volunteer at the local community theater, take an additional course in stagecraft, and submit her CV—all before December. Alice creates a schedule for her goals, ensuring that everything will be done in time. Writing goals down increases goal commitment and the likelihood of successfully meeting the goal.

true

T/F Every management function and activity involves some form of direct or indirect communication.

true

T/F Flexspace includes the concept of working from home.

true

T/F In Schwartz's model, conformity and tradition are in the same wedge, but conformity is seen as less extreme than tradition.

true

T/F Intuitive processes are influenced by both expertise and feelings.

true

Amanda is preparing for Jerome's annual review. He is a solid employee—with strong analytical, computer and critical thinking skills. Jerome needs to work on his timeliness and communication skills. Amanda only discusses Jerome's shortcomings during the review, making this a(n)______ experience.

negative

What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?

recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables

Therese is a charismatic person who is often able to get other employees to work late on special projects by being very friendly and fun to be around. She is exercising her ______ power.

referent

Several people have quit the administrative support unit of the company recently. About that time, a new company moved into the area with a better health care plan and comparable wages. ______ is the most likely OB perspective to apply

situation

Melissa walks into her morning status meeting. She didn't have time for breakfast or even coffee. During the meeting, she is most likely to focus on

snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty

T/F The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors.

true

The existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ________ decisions without realizing they are doing so.

biased

The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as

both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance

______ is the remedy for ill-conceived goals.

brainstorming unintended consequences

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a servant-leader? a) foresight b) community building c) charisma d) awareness e) empathy

c

The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are

categorization, interferences, expectations, maintenance

Carla tends to take long-term view and rely on discussions with others to acquire information. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward people and social concerns when making decisions. Which decision-making style does Carla possess?

conceptual

Louis is a member of the marketing team on the Superb Mattress account. Recently, he has emerged as a team leader. His supervisor, Michele, is letting Louis make the final decision as to which campaigns are presented to the client. This provides Louis with

decision making discretion

Laura is head of ABC Systems. She needs to allocate a fixed amount of funds to various projects. There are two top projects that Laura believes hold the most promise. She decides to arrange a structured debate for the two top proposals. Importantly, the assumptions of each proposal are identified, and a conflicting counterproposal is generated based on a different set of assumptions. Advocates of each position present and debate the merits of their proposal before Laura makes her decision. Which technique is Laura using to help her make a better decision?

dialectic method

Marvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.

directive

T/F If people are resisting because of adjustment problems, management should adopt a negotiation and agreement approach to managing resistance to change.

false

T/F Manipulation are the conscious efforts to affect and change a specific behavior in others.

false

_________, with which you can build goodwill, include personality, teamwork and leadership.

personal attributes

Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other. She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee, Michele. Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele, but Ellie's behavior doesn't change. Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues, after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department. In this case, Tanya's ________ are different from her values.

personal beliefs

Prosocial behaviors are

positive acts performed without expecting anything in return

Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior?

positive and negative reinforcement

Hugh tries his best to convince Irene about a new business proposal, but Irene presents some good counterarguments and stalls the proposal. This is an example of

resistance

Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n) ______ team.

self managed

Bill receives a compliment on a recent campaign; he attributes the success to his creativity. Mark's campaign didn't do well; he blames his team for not pulling together. These are examples of

self serving bias

T/F Joanna is motivated by the feeling that she's done the best she can do. This represents intrinsic motivation.

true

T/F Managers who obtain compliance primarily because of their formal authority to make decisions have legitimate power.

true

T/F Many effective managers select employees based on positive, job relevant, relatively stable individual differences.

true

T/F OB includes topics such as managing your peers and your bosses, as well as managing your subordinates.

true

T/F Organizational cultures can drive employee attitudes, performance, and organizational effectiveness, thereby leading to competitive advantage.

true

T/F Organizations can suffer from too little conflict

true

Communication trust is

trust of disclosure

Suzette is a bank manager charged with determining which employees are downsized. Her only guidelines are to keep those employees who contribute the most to the overall organization. When the list of employees downsized is presented, none of her personal friends are on it. This might be viewed as ______ behavior.

unethical

The self-transcendence part of Schwartz's model is composed of

universalism and benevolence

In a simple environment, a manager should use the _______ model of decision making.

rational

The _______ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic.

rational

What kind of a response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory, but not ideal, solution?

resolving

In McClelland's acquired needs theory,

we learn needs as we live our lives

T/F Servant leadership is the same thing as laissez-faire leadership.

false

T/F Process theories are more dynamic than content theories.

true

T/F Programmed conflict is conflict that raises different opinions regardless of the personal feelings of the managers.

true

T/F Research in industrial-organizational psychology concluded that the typical personality test is not a valid predictor of job performance.

true

T/F Resistance to change is a dynamic interaction among recipient characteristics, change agent characteristics, and the relationship between the recipient and the change agent.

true

Which of the following statements is true? a) Ill-conceived goals occur when we set goals and incentives to promote a desired behavior, and that behavior is achieved. b) The slippery slope refers to seeing the ethical actions of others as an example to follow. c) Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another because it's in our interest to remain ignorant. d) If the outcome is good, then the behavior must be ethical. e) Direct blindness occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior because it's carried out through third parties.

c

In groupthink, the "inherent morality" symptom is likely to

cause the group to ignore ethical considerations

XYZ Inc. brings together specialists from production, marketing, and finance from around the world, and gives each such team the power to make its own decisions. This implies that the firm is creating a(n) _____ team.

cross functional

In the Integrative Framework, which of the following is an outcome? a) situation characteristics b) personal factors c) organizational processes d) organizational turnover e) awarding bonuses for good behavior

d

Which of the following is not a benefit of positive emotions? a) creativity b) stress c) decision making d) survival orientation e) organizational commitment

d

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an in-group exchange? a) reciprocal influence b) mutual respect c) sense of common fates d) economic exchange e) social relationship

d

Which of the following statements about the effect of power is true? a) expert power has a generally negative effect b) referent power has a slightly positive effect c) reward power has a generally negative effect d) coercive power has a slightly negative effect e) legitimate power has a slightly negative effect

d

______ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants. a) organizational b) personality c) internal d) attributional e) external

d

Amy has recently joined a new research institute. She had initially thought that her job would entail a lot of field work, which would allow her to gain some practical experience, but her manager just gives her a lot of paperwork instead. She is also learning to adjust to the strict dress code that the company enforces on all of its employees. Amy is in the _________ stage of the socialization process.

encounter

Peter offers his manager some suggestions for a new holiday display. His manager shrugs his shoulders and tells Peter that the display is all set. Then Sarah approaches the manager with an idea for the display, and the manager tells her that it's a great idea. ______ theory is the model of motivation that explains how Peter is striving for fairness and justice.

equity

T/F Crowdsourcing occurs when companies invite other employees to contribute to particular goals and manage that process via the Internet.

false

T/F Early in the change process, a manager should use variable schedules of reinforcement with extrinsic rewards to reinforce new behaviors.

false

T/F Managers should attempt to reduce the negative effects of stress by improving job satisfaction and by encouraging employees to take work home.

false

_______ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments.

pay for performance

Professor Marsden explains to the class that he wants the assigned paper submitted for review at several points in the research process. Lydia notes that she has to submit the paper multiple times. Marcy notes that the paper has to be reviewed before it is final. This reflects the ______ of communication.

perceptual model

_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

performance management

You value achievement and your employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, so you are very committed to the company. _____ fit is the consistency between personal and company values.

person culture

__________ and ________ drive creative performance behaviors.

person factors and environmental characteristics

______ power is the type of influence a person exercises independent of his or her job or position.

personal

As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and the kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet?

physiological

_______ power comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance.

referent

It's snowing and Alice runs outside to the mailbox without her coat. She immediately shivers and gets goose bumps. This is an example of _____ behavior.

respondent

Pete and Dana are working on a project together. They disagree on how to present the key concept of equality. Dana complains that Pete is dismissing her "feminist" position without consideration. Pete claims that Dana considers him a chauvinist. Wyatt, their supervisor, knows that both Pete and Dana are committed employees who support equality. He sits both of them down to work through the issues. This reflects _____ justice.

restorative

What are the three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB?

restorative justice, compassion, and temperance

In his annual performance review meeting with Eileen, who has been working at the company for two years, Ruben suggests that if she keeps up her good work she is likely to be offered a promotion within the next year. Ruben is exercising his _______ power.

reward

During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying

rumination

Meghan is a little stressed over an assignment. She just can't seem to identify an easy way to get this work done, but she's not one to give up. Finally, she says: "If this way fails, I can always try another method." This indicates a positive

secondary appraisal

In solving a problem, a manager

selects the optimal response

"When you know yourself, you are comfortable with your strengths and not crippled by your shortcomings...." This is

self awareness

At ABC Inc., each employee is required to evaluate himself or herself as part of preparation to meet with his or her manager for the annual employee performance review. As part of this, Daneesha prepared a thoughtful and comprehensive list of her strengths and weaknesses. What competence does this display?

self awareness

_________ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being.

self determination

_________ are both elements of hedonism.

self enhancement and openness to change

_________ is your general belief about your own self-worth.

self esteem

T/F The military is a classic example of hierarchical organizational structure.

true

When we get wrapped up in our own problems, we forget to take care of others. Several years ago, a movement called "Random Acts of Kindness" started. What does this reflect?

upward spirals of positivity

To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should

use a spell checker

T/F One key assumption underlying many models of change is that highly desired change will happen without much resistance.

false

T/F Primary appraisals are perceptions of how you are able to deal or cope with a given demand.

false

T/F The components of engagement are urgency, being focused, intensity, and job satisfaction.

false

T/F The contact hypothesis states that the more members of different groups interact, the more intergroup conflict they will experience.

false

T/F The tendency to experience groupthink decreases as a group becomes more cohesive.

false

T/F Transactional leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

false

T/F Cross-cultural differences and nonverbal communication both can be sources of noise between senders and receivers.

true

Mr. Henshaw, CEO of MBA Bank, decides that the organization needs to provide more convenient service to customers. He decides to increase the bank's service hours from 8 hours a day, Monday through Friday, to 12 hours a day, plus 8 hours a day each weekend day. He has his assistant compile a report that gives data on how the number of open hours of many banks is correlated with their customers' satisfaction, and presents the data to his executive committee. What stage of Lewin's change process is Mr. Henshaw operating in?

unfreezing

Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ____ team.

virtual

____ is the need to have a goal and the determination to achieve it.

willpower

Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his

mindfulness

________ behaviors are when a leader is planning, scheduling, organizing, and coordinating work.

work facilitation

Meg manages a small nonprofit group that assists abused women. Recently Sarah, one of her employees, notices that Meg has been more focused on getting good press for herself than for the women that she helps. Meg wants to position herself to win the Personal Service Award from the mayor of their community. Sarah thinks they should work towards positioning their group for additional funding. In this case, political tactics that counter Meg's interests will likely

benefit the organization

A problem is

a gap between an actual and a desired situation

______ is defined by restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.

conformity

Nathan is dependable, responsible, and achievement-oriented, while Martin is relaxed and unworried. Nathan is likely to score high on

conscientiousness

Joe expresses concern with Rita, an intern scheduled to work on his team for three weeks. José, Joe's manager, quickly decides to move Rita to another team. Which key problem-solving step has Jose skipped?

define the problem

A low valence means that the person

does not value the outcomes

Nathan plans on applying Herzberg's theory to motivate employees. As such, the first step should be to

eliminate sources of dissatisfaction

________ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target.

emotions

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for

esteem

There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ______ and ______.

evolutionary psychology and social role theory

__________ are the three elements of expectancy theory.

expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations.

expectations and norms

Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is an example of

extinction

T/F Organizations should use selection based on attitudes and emotions to choose which employees to hire.

false

People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display

hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of

meaningfulness, self determination, competence, and impact

Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and "elevator" pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing

media richness

Big Brothers Big Sisters is a volunteer _________ network that pairs adults with children. A survey of adults who participated in the program when they were children revealed that the majority obtained values and principles that influenced them throughout their lives.

mentoring

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of

met expectations

Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being

mindless

________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

needs

Sanjay promotes the benefits of little or no conflict within an organization. This, he states, leads to greater productivity. Is this analysis correct?

no. organizational conflict is inevitable and can have constructive consequences

_________ is behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences.

operant behavior

Josephine is on a four-person project team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Josephine leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Josephine believes that her project was successful was because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ______ in her beliefs.

self serving bias

Peter is a resident surgeon at his local hospital. Before he could start his residency, he had to complete four years of medical school, and then two years of internship. Identify the socialization process that Peter had to undergo.

sequential socialization

In which way do employees waste time on social media?

shopping online

Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing _______ to each other.

social companionship

When Jamie comes to work in the morning, the first thing he does is head to the employee lounge where he grabs a cup of coffee and talks to coworkers for several minutes. This implies that he probably has a

social orientation

Mantle Inc. is noted for its philosophy of having fun, holding parties, and celebrating. For example, staff in each city in which the firm operates are given a budget for parties. The company also uses a variety of performance-based awards and service awards to reinforce employees' efforts. Its positive and enriching environment is supported by the very low employee turnover. What function of organizational culture does this represent?

social system stability

"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a(n)

stereotype

Nancy is at a staff meeting. Her manager asks if anyone has an idea for how to pull more customers into the restaurant at lunch time. Nancy starts to make a suggestion and her manager cuts her off mid-sentence, saying: "Oh Nancy, no...anyone else?" Nancy is feeling angry because her manager was disrespectful and didn't allow her to explain the idea. What should Nancy do to deal with these negative emotions?

wait until after the meeting and point out how important respect is between coworkers

Ronald works for a small biotech firm. When the firm presents the results of its clinical trials to the FDA, Ronald realizes that the results are not accurate. He reports this to the FDA. Ronald is a(n)

whistleblower

Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is

withdraw cognitions

Teddy is a project manager at a consulting firm. He travels a lot and works very long hours. When he's home, he is always checking e-mail. He has a three-year-old son and a brand-new daughter, and his wife is upset that he doesn't help more. He is experiencing

work family conflict

Carol is a behind-the-scenes kind of person, but everyone wants her on their committee because those committees tend to meet their objectives. Which of the following statements might describe why people want Carol on their committee?

you do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader

Why are ethics considered so important when studying organizational behavior?

you will be confronted with ethical challenges at all levels of organizations and throughout your career