MGT 364 G001 Exam 3

Who among the following has a relatively low-stress job? A firefighter A commercial airline pilot A military general A dietician

A dietician

Which of the following is one of the most common alternatives to the traditional workweek? A work team Job enlargement Job rotation A flexible work hour plan

A flexible work hour plan

_____ is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization. A role Job embeddedness Ethnocentrism A task

A role

Which of the following is a group-based incentive system? A piece-rate incentive plan A stock-option plan A skill-based pay plan A knowledge-based pay plan

A stock-option plan

_____ is an arrangement in which a group is given responsibility for designing a system to be used in performing an interrelated set of jobs. A work team Groupshift Groupthink An autocratic team

A work team

_____ is the combination of positive reinforcement with either punishment or extinction. Overregularization Overextension Behavior modification Intrinsic motivation

Behavior Modification

_____ is the combination of positive reinforcement with either punishment or extinction. Behavior modification Intrinsic motivation Overextension Overregularization

Behavior modification

Which of the following is a condition that must be met for the decertification of a union? The union must have served as the official bargaining agent for the employees for at least 3 years. A closed-shop agreement must have existed between the union and the employer. No labor contract must currently be in force. The union must have at least hundred members.

No labor contract must currently be in force.

An employee of Speedz Corp., a car manufacturing company, dies on the job because of equipment malfunction. However, the management does not report the incident to the concerned authorities. In this scenario, Speedz Corp. has violated the _____. Occupational Safety and Health Act Fair Labor Standards Act National Labor Relations Act Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Occupational Safety and Health Act

____ is an alternative work arrangement in which employees may do almost all of their work at home and may even receive assignments electronically. Social workspace A compressed workweek Telecommuting A flexible work hour plan

Telecommuting

Which of the following statements is true of dual factor theory? It focuses on how a person becomes motivated to perform in a certain way. It is a process theory of motivation. The "motivator" side of dual factor theory provides the basis for much of the work that has been done in the area of job enrichment. The research on dual factor theory provides concrete empirical support for the model.

The "motivator" side of dual factor theory provides the basis for much of the work that has been done in the area of job enrichment.

Employers must report all accidents and illnesses that result in death in the workplace immediately and directly to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). False True

True

Individual incentive plans reward individual performance on a real-time basis. True False

True

Intrinsic motivation is a factor that has been linked to creativity at work. False True

True

It is critical that an organization maintain a climate of openness and make an employee feel comfortable to suggest even a "useless" idea. False True

True

Values based on the Qur'an are the most important part of Muslim human resource management systems. False True

True

The union president of Grenthall, the national union office of the Social Youth Union, is asked to step down from his position as the management discovered that he was a convicted felon. In the given scenario, which of the following acts is the management implementing? The Taft-Hartley Act The Sherman Antitrust Act The Wagner Act The Landrum-Griffin Act

The Landrum-Griffin Act

In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being highly competitive with few interests outside of work. Dysfunctional behavior Hardiness The Type A personality The Type B personality

The Type A personality

In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being highly competitive with few interests outside of work. Hardiness Dysfunctional behavior The Type B personality The Type A personality

The Type A personality

Which of the following is a factor that has led to a decline in union membership in recent times? The removal of grievance systems for workers by firms to prevent them from joining unions The changes in legislation that make unionization illegal in most sectors The fraudulent activities carried out by most union presidents in organizations The inclusion of more women and ethnic minorities in the workforce composition

The inclusion of more women and ethnic minorities in the workforce composition

_____ is an alternative to job specialization that takes into account the work system and employee preferences. The job characteristics approach Employee disengagement The job enlargement approach Employee outsourcing

The job characteristics approach

_____ is a program developed to improve group- or firm-level performance and is based on a model of motivation similar to expectancy theory. The employee stock ownership plan The productivity measurement and evaluation system The intrinsic model of performance management The job characteristics approach

The productivity measurement and evaluation system

In the context of the job characteristics approach, the higher a job rates on skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback, the _____. more employees will experience various psychological states higher the level of absenteeism and turnover lower the degree of control a worker has over how a task is performed lower the level of motivation

more employees will experience various psychological states

Which of the following statements is true of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)? It emerged from a dissenting faction of the Knights of Labor. It organized the steel, mining, and meatpacking industries. It merged with the Industrial Workers of the World in 1995. It classified workers according to their crafts.

It organized the steel, mining, and meatpacking industries.

Which of the following statements is true of a positive settlement zone? It refers to an overlap between an organization's and its union's demands and expectations in the bargaining zone. It refers to a situation where both the management of an organization and its employees agree to have a third-party intervention. It refers to a phase in the negotiation process that prohibits the use of mediation or arbitration in case of a disagreement. It refers to an organization achieving the desired results in a negotiation without giving in to the employees' demands.

It refers to an overlap between an organization's and its union's demands and expectations in the bargaining zone.

Which of the following is the most basic form of incentive compensation? Profit sharing A sales commission Merit pay A stock-option plan

Merit Pay

_____ are compensation plans that formally base at least some meaningful portion of compensation on the relative value of an employee's contributions to the organization. Fixed incentive plans Stock-purchase plans Stock-option plans Merit-pay plans

Merit-pay plans

Which of the following is a direct result of overload? More managers going to their office on weekends to get their jobs done Increase in affective commitment of employees to their organization Decrease in ethnocentrism in the workplace Higher rates of hiring in organizations

More managers going to their office on weekends to get their jobs done

Which of the following statements is true in the context of ERG theory? Clayton Alderfer allowed for multiple levels of needs being prepotent. ERG theory is concerned with how a person becomes motivated to perform in a certain way. Clayton Alderfer suggested that people always march neatly up a hierarchy. ERG theory suggests that everyone is motivated by the same set of requirements at any one time.

Clayton Alderfer allowed for multiple levels of needs being prepotent.

_____ are organizational programs created specifically to help employees deal with tension and anxiety. Employee assistance programs Enrichment programs Institutional programs Collateral stress programs

Collateral stress programs

Which of the following statements is true in the context of goal theory? Difficult goals are preferable to easy goals. Goal theory suggests that all goals are created equal. Goal theory suggests that employees are most motivated by vague and unspecific goals. Impossible goals are the most effective in motivating employees.

Difficult goals are preferable to easy goals.

Which of the following statements is true of the influence of the physical work environment on individuals? Studies suggest that changes in the level of illumination have the strongest effect on the attitudes of employees. Younger employees are better able to cope with changes in biological rhythms than are older workers. Employees who perceive their work environment as dark are generally less satisfied with their jobs. The use of music in the workplace has no significant effect on employee attitudes and performance.

Employees who perceive their work environment as dark are generally less satisfied with their jobs.

_____ is a process theory of motivation that suggests that organizations can best influence performance by establishing clear links between increased performance and rewards. ERG theory Expectancy theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's dual factor theory

Expectancy theory

A boycott occurs when employers refuse to give their company's products free of cost to union members. False True

False

A general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction is called turnover. False True

False

Intrinsic motivation requires an external agent to administer a reward that is separate from the actual task or job being performed. False True

False

It is not possible to adapt training methods to ensure that all team members share mental models of how the team should perform. False True

False

Performance feedback should focus exclusively on effective performance. False True

False

_____ is an individual difference that allows some individuals to experience less stress when dealing with stressful events, and that makes them more effective in dealing with the stress they do experience. Sacralization Apathy Disenchantment Hardiness

Hardiness

Which of the following statements is true of a stock-purchase plan? It is an individual incentive system. It is offered only to the senior managers and the top executives of a company. It is used more as a performance incentive than as a retention tool. It is applicable to employees only if they remain with the company for a specified period of time.

It is applicable to employees only if they remain with the company for a specified period of time.

Which of the following statements is true of a stock-purchase plan? It is offered only to the senior managers and the top executives of a company. It is an individual incentive system. It is applicable to employees only if they remain with the company for a specified period of time. It is used more as a performance incentive than as a retention tool.

It is applicable to employees only if they remain with the company for a specified period of time.

Which of the following statements defines health hazards? It is a set of general feelings of exhaustion that develop when a healthy individual experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction. It is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization. It refers to the stressors associated with the specific job a person performs. It refers to the elements of the work environment that more slowly and systematically, and perhaps cumulatively, result in damage to an employee's health.

It refers to the elements of the work environment that more slowly and systematically, and perhaps cumulatively, result in damage to an employee's health.

Which of the following statements is true of dysfunctional behavior in an organization? It is a result of the affective commitment of employees toward the organization. It includes the actions performed by employees who have clinical depression. It results in direct financial costs for the organization. It is caused by a poor person-job fit in the organization.

It results in direct financial costs for the organization.

Which of the following statements is true of information technology being a cause of stress at work? It adversely impacts coordination among employees. It decreases organizational flexibility in sharing information. It reduces communication among people. It results in information overload.

It results in information overload.

Identify a true statement about goal theory. It suggests that not all goals are created equal. It posits that employees are most motivated by vague and unspecific goals. It posits that impossible goals are the most effective in motivating employees. It suggests that easy goals are preferable to difficult goals.

It suggests that not all goals are created equal.

_____ was developed to increase the total number of tasks workers perform based on the assumption that doing the same basic task over and over is the primary cause of worker dissatisfaction. Job enlargement Employee disengagement Job rotation Employee offshoring

Job enlargement

The _____ requires that national labor unions elect new leaders at least once every 5 years. Sherman Antitrust Act Landrum-Griffin Act Taft-Hartley Act Wagner Act

Landrum-Griffin Act

The _____ requires that national labor unions elect new leaders at least once every 5 years. Wagner Act Taft-Hartley Act Landrum-Griffin Act Sherman Antitrust Act

Landrum-Griffin Act

In the context of union-management relations, the _____ was organized in 1953 to protect the nonstars in baseball by fighting for higher wages, a pension plan, and compensation when a player was unable to play because of an injury. Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players National Association of Baseball Players Major League Baseball Players Association Players' Protective Association

Major League Baseball Players Association

A wildcat strike is an illegal form of labor action. False True

True

_____ may be included in collective bargaining only if both parties agree. Obligatory items Permissive items Mandatory items Intellectual items

Permissive Items

_____ may be included in collective bargaining only if both parties agree. Intellectual items Permissive items Mandatory items Obligatory items

Permissive items

Which of the following poses a workplace hazard that may cause accidents? Bright lighting at the workplace Poor housekeeping of office space Elevators in the office building Horizontal layout of office space

Poor housekeeping of office space

_____ is a process theory, usually associated with B. F. Skinner, that proposes that all behavior is a function of its consequences. Dual factor theory VIE theory ERG theory Reinforcement theory

Reinforcement theory

The basic purpose of the _____ was to curtail and limit union practices. Sherman Antitrust Act Taft-Hartley Act Wagner Act Rowlatt Act

Taft-Hartley Act

Contingent workers are a way for organizations to manage their demand for labor. True False

True

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of ratio schedules? They result in higher productivity than do interval schedules. They result in higher levels of behavior than do interval schedules. They involve a shorter amount of learning time than continuous schedules. They are less resistant to extinction than continuous schedules.

They result in higher levels of behavior than do interval schedules.

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of variable ratio schedules? They are the least resistant to extinction. They result in the lowest levels of behavior. They involve the shortest amount of learning time. They result in the highest productivity.

They result in the highest productivity.

In the context of reinforcement theory, who among the following writers has his or her work behavior reinforced using a fixed interval schedule? Zaiba, who is paid $30 for every five articles she writes Ravi, for whom the number of articles to be completed in order to receive a payment varies depending on the project Walda, who is paid $100 every week irrespective of the number of articles she writes Ben, for whom the duration between each payment varies depending on the project

Walda, who is paid $100 every week irrespective of the number of articles she writes

The American Federation of Labor (AF of L) focused on _____. better employment contracts organizing employees by industry controlling the supply of skilled labor legislative and political activities

better employment contracts

Romero Inc. manufactures paper products. One set of workers at Romero Inc. has the full-time job of sorting scrap as it enters the facility. The quality of sorting is regularly monitored by checking the quality of the paper products, and necessary instructions are given to the scrap sorters. In the context of the core dimensions of the job characteristics approach, Romero Inc. stresses on _____. autonomy feedback task identity skill variety

feedback

In the context of reinforcement theory, _____ are schedules in which the amount of time that must pass before a reward is given is constant over time. variable interval schedules fixed ratio schedules variable ratio schedules fixed interval schedules

fixed interval schedules

Process theories of motivation: suggest that methods such as reinforcement and punishment cannot be used to motivate people. focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do. explain all aspects of motivation. focus on what motivates a person.

focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do.

Process theories of motivation: suggest that methods such as reinforcement and punishment cannot be used to motivate people. focus on what motivates a person. focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do. explain all aspects of motivation.

focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do.

In the context of workplace security, _____ is designed to make sure that an employee can afford the medical services he or she may require. an employee assistance program unemployment insurance health insurance a criteria-style benefits plan

health insurance

Diane, a copy typist at a leading newspaper, is considered the best worker in her team. Because of her high typing speed, her team leader increases daily targets for all the typists. Her teammates want her to reduce her typing speed so that the team leader does not increase the targets any further. Diane, who likes to be efficient and quick in her work, is most likely to be stressed because of the _____ of her job. physical demands interpersonal demands role demands task demands

interpersonal demands

Prior to collective bargaining for a new labor contract, both the management and the union members of a shoe factory decide that it is important that they discuss the issue of the employment of contingent workers in the organization. Both parties thereby include it as a negotiable point for the bargaining session that, if agreed upon, will be entered into the new contract. This point of negotiation falls under the category of _____. intellectual items prohibited items mandatory items permissive items

permissive items

The assembly line workers of Autowon Inc. petitioned the top management to provide basic amenities such as access to potable water and a clean working environment. In the context of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates the workers' _____. physiological needs security needs esteem needs social needs

physiological needs

In the context of performance-based rewards, the most general form of the merit-pay plan is to: share the cost savings from productivity improvements with employees. provide annual salary increases to employees based on the relative value of their contributions to the organization. reward the individual performance of employees on a real-time basis rather than increasing their base salary at the end of the year. pay some portion of the company's profits into a profit-sharing pool.

provide annual salary increases to employees based on the relative value of their contributions to the organization.

During labor negotiations, the management of a company reaches the point where it states that it will give a maximum of 6-percent pay increase to all the employees of the company and not more. Despite threats of further agitation, the management sticks to its decision. In the given scenario, the management has reached its _____. break-even point target point arbitration point resistance point

resistance point

In the negotiation process, a party makes a final offer exactly at the _____ of the other party when it finds out the maximum amount the other party is willing to pay. arbitration point resistance point break-even point target point

resistance point

In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, _____ is an explicit financial indicator. general labor cost turnover rate accident rate return on investment

return on investment

In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, _____ is an explicit financial indicator. general labor cost turnover rate return on investment accident rate

return on investment

One important approach to controlling accidents at work is to design more security into the workplace through a process called _____. circadian rhythm collateral safety program hardiness safety engineering

safety engineering

In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ is a task demand that can cause stress. leadership style security group pressure ambiguity

security

In the context of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, _____ include anything involving a safe environment, and they are satisfied by things such as an insurance or a pension. social needs physiological needs security needs esteem needs

security needs

A(n) _____ is the desired result that management tries to achieve on items being negotiated. arbitration point leverage point target point negotiation point

target point

When there is a difference of opinion between an employee who is a union member and his or her supervisor, the employee can initially take his or her complaint to _____. an expatriate an arbitrator the shop steward the chief management officer

the shop steward

Punishment and positive reinforcement work best when: a behavior is followed by no consequences. extinction is used. there is a strong link between behavior and consequences. intrinsic motivation is used

there is a strong link between behavior and consequences.