MGT Final Exam review (chap 9-14)

________ is putting someone in a good mood prior to making a request. A. Ingratiation B. Consultation C. Exchange D. Coalition tactics E. Inspirational appeals

A. Ingratiation

The use of expert power tends to result in A. coercion. B. compliance. C. commitment. D. resistance. E. rebellion.

C. commitment.

A(an) _______ tree is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions. A. solution B. process C. decision D. ethical E. action

C. decision

The making of new mental connections regarding the creative task or problem at hand is represented in the _________ stage of the creative performance process. A. problem formulation/definition B. preparation/information gathering C. idea generation D. idea evaluation E. idea validation

C. idea generation

________ is the conflict-handling style that is passive withdrawal from the problem and active suppression of the issue. A. Integrating B. Obliging C. Avoiding D. Dominating E. Compromising

C. Avoiding

________ is the process of interpreting and making sense of a message. A. Choosing a medium B. Analyzing media richness C. Decoding D. Encoding E. Giving feedback

C. Decoding

Which of the following is not a situation that commonly produces workplace conflict? A. personality differences B. change C. individual needs being met D. poor management E. unclear roles and responsibilities

C. Individual needs being met

________ conflict is defined as interpersonal opposition based on individual dislike or disagreement. A. Dominating B. Distributive C. Personality D. Integrative E. Devil's advocate

C. Personality

________ power comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance. A. reward B. coercive C. Referent D. Legitimate E. expert

C. Referent

Linguistic style includes all of the following except A. use of stories B. pacing and pausing C. word choice D. eye contact E. use of jokes

D. eye contact

When a leader is encouraging employees to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems, he or she is engaging in A. inspirational motivation. B. idealized influence. C. individualized consideration. D. intellectual stimulation. E. charismatic behavior.

D. intellectual stimulation.

Which of the following should a person do to avoid conflict? a. Be indecisive in improving the outcome. b. Withhold the truth if needed. c. Use judgmental language. d. stop ignoring conflict e. lose sight of the ultimate goal

D. stop ignoring conflict

Humble leaders display all of the following key qualities valued by employees except A. openness to feedback. B. appreciation of others. C. low self-focus. D. low self-awareness. E. appreciation of the greater good.

D. low self-awareness.

Which of the following is not one of the career functions of mentoring? A. exposure and visibility B. coaching C. protection D. role modeling E. challenging assignments

D. role modeling

The ___________ styles are inappropriate when the issue is important to you. A. integrating and compromising B. dominating and integrating C. avoiding and compromising D. avoiding and obliging E. obliging and dominating

D. avoiding and obliging

Christopher, a department manager, is attending the monthly budget planning meeting where all the department managers report on their current status. Both before and after his own presentation, he sits forward in his chair and makes eye contact with all the other managers as they present. He asks questions and nods his head after their responses. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening. A. active B. involved C. passive D. detached E. immediate

A. Active

A(n) ________ culture encourages collaboration, trust, and mutual support among employees. A. Clan B. Market C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. Hybrid

A. Clan

P-O fit stands for _________ fit. A. party-office B. person-optimization C. person-organization D. peer-organization E. peer-obedient

C. person-organization

Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness? A. communication skills B. openness to experience C. emotional intelligence D. emotional stability E. Machiavellianism

E. Machiavellianism

Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy? A. Outline consequences for violations. B. Align the policy with the organization's culture. C. Define what is considered illegal. D. Clarify what is confidential. E. Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies.

E. Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies.

Neal has asked Liz, who has the office next to him, to watch him practice the presentation he will be giving to his bosses next week. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is Neal in? A. Frame your story. B. Plan your delivery. C. Plan your multimedia. D. Develop your stage presence. E. Put it together.

E. Put it together

What cultural types represent competing values? A. market and hierarchy B. hierarchy and clan C. clan and adhocracy D. adhocracy and market E. adhocracy and hierarchy

E. adhocracy and hierarchy

When calling on prospective clients, all of the following are workable communication strategies except A. seeking referrals and recommendations B. networking with industry organizations and other professional groups C. communicating through company social media accounts D. signing up for online newsletters E. cold calling prospective clients.

E. cold calling prospective clients

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink? A. mind guards B. illusion of unanimity C. self-censorship D. illusion of invulnerability E. overestimation of opponents

E. overestimation of opponents

A global mind-set is an increasingly valued _________ trait. A. narcissistic B. relationship-oriented C. passive D. transformational E. task-oriented

E. task-oriented

One's reputation is an example of ________ power. A. reward B. coercion C. referent D. legitimate E. expert

C. referent

In influence sharing, the manager adopts the _________ style. A. domination B. consultation C. participation D. delegation E. laissez-faire

B. consultation

Which of the following is not a step of the TED protocol for effective presentations? A. Frame your story. B. Plan your delivery. C. Plan your multimedia. D. Develop your stage presence. E. Evaluate your presentation.

E. Evaluate your presentation.

_______ might be any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea. A. Political Tactics B. Influence management C. Coalition building D. Organizational politics E. Impression management

E. Impression management

Which of the following is not a factor in media richness? a. How many visual and audio cues it provides b. How fast it provides feedback c. Whether the communication is personal or impersonal d. Language source e. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

e. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

_________ is based on transferring authority and responsibilities from management to employees. A. Structural empowerment B. Psychological empowerment C. Human relations empowerment D. Political empowerment E. Influence

A. Structural empowerment

A major drawback of _________ is that "winning the debate" may overshadow the issue at hand, leading to a less than desired conclusion. A. mediation B. devil's advocacy C. negotiation D. alternative dispute resolution E. the dialectic method

E. the dialectic method

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance. A. Transactional leadership B. Transformational leadership C. Consideration D. Empowerment E. Initiating structure

A. Transactional leadership

In the _________ bias, a decision maker subconsciously decides something even before investigating, and then seeks information that supports the decision. A. confirmation B. availability C. representativeness D. overconfidence E. framing

A. confirmation

The primary purpose of _________ behaviors is to enhance employees' skills and to create positive work relationships among coworkers and between the leader and his or her employees. A. empowerment B. task-oriented C. relationship-oriented D. passive E. transformational

C. relationship-oriented

The socialization tactic that ranges from a newcomer being socialized over time with the help of an experienced member, to the newcomer not being provided with a role model, is A. collective versus individual. B. sequential versus random. C. serial versus disjunctive. D. investiture versus divestiture. E. fixed versus variable.

C. serial versus disjunctive.

_________ are the dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model. A. LMX, task structure, and work facilitation B. Locus of control, task ability, and need for achievement C. Task structure and work group dynamics D. Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power E. LMX, task structure, and personal power

D. Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power

________ is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which a trained, third-party neutral actively guides disputing parties in exploring innovative solutions to the conflict. A. Ombudsmanship B. Facilitation C. Peer review D. Mediation E. Arbitration

D. Mediation

A(n) ________ culture encourages being adaptable, creative, and fast to respond to changes in the marketplace. A. clan B. market C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. hybrid

D. adhocracy

Psychologists investigating how people make judgments asked the following question to a large sample of respondents: In an average year in the U.S., do more people die of fire or drowning? Three possible answers were available: Fire, drowning, or about the same. The results consistently showed that a strong majority of respondents answered "Fire." However, the correct answer was "about the same." The psychologists explained the overestimate of fire deaths by the following: People try to retrieve from memory examples of fire versus drowning deaths, and find that they can more easily retrieve examples of fire deaths. Fire deaths are typically more dramatic, more newsworthy, and more widely publicized than are drowning deaths, and people assume that the risks correspond to their ease of retrieval from memory. This is an example of people's use of the _____ heuristic. A. Framing B. estimation C. hindsight D. anchoring E. Availability

E. Availability **

Sources of noise affect all the links in the communication process. Which of the following is not a source of noise? A. language differences B. speech impairment C. illegible handwriting D. poor hearing E. in-person, face-to-face conversation

E. In-person, face-to-face conversation.

The three primary reactions people have to attempts to manage or influence them are A. rebellion, sabotage, and resistance. B. compliance, commitment, or empowerment. C. indifference, passivity, or active resistance. D. influence, power sharing, or power distribution. E. resistance, compliance, or commitment.

E. resistance, compliance, or commitment.

Which of the following mechanisms for changing organizational culture addresses all three levels of culture? A. formal statements B. slogans, language, acronyms, and sayings C. organizational activities, processes, or outcomes D. workflow and organizational structure E. stories, legends, or myths about key people and events

E. stories, legends, or myths about key people and events

When a leader is resolving disputes, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors. A. interaction-facilitation B. supportive C. work-facilitation D. achievement-oriented E. path-goal clarifying

A. interaction-facilitation

What phase of the mentoring process lasts two to five years? A. coaching B. cultivation C. Initiation D. separation E. redefinition

B. cultivation

In a(n) ___________ culture, improving profitability and meeting strategic goals are often prioritized over employee satisfaction. A. market B. adhocracy C. clan D. hierarchy

A. market

___________ represents an individual's general tendency to think, feel, and behave in ways associated with ethical and unethical behavior. A. Conflict process B. Moral character C. Conflict-handling style D. Personal conflicts E. Moral criteria

B. Moral character

Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation? A. a negative performance review B. ending a relationship C. inviting a friend to dinner D. confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings E. critiquing a colleague's report

C. inviting a friend to dinner

Psychological empowerment occurs when we feel a sense of A. control. B. ownership. C. meaning. D. fitting in. E. balance.

C. meaning.

The levels of organizational culture are A. strategy, mission, and values. B. stability and flexibility. C. observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. D. clan, hierarchy, market, and adhocracy. E. identity, commitment, and stability.

C. observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate: A. Defensiveness B. Immediacy C. Liking D. Happiness E. Boredom

A. Defensiveness

Which of the following is not one of the key leader behaviors that are part of transformational leadership? A. creating an in-group B. inspirational motivation C. idealized influence D. individualized consideration E. intellectual stimulation

A. creating an in-group

In making a decision, A. evidence forms the basis of the decision. B. evidence is one of several inputs to the decision process. C. evidence is created to support a decision using other inputs. D. evidence should not be used. E. only quantitative evidence is used.

A. evidence forms the basis of the decision.

A person who is indifferent to and ignores another's influence attempt is exhibiting _______ A. resistance B. rebellion C. compliance D. commitment E. coercion

A. resistance

Which of the following tips should be used by employees having a personality conflict with another employee? A. Avoid communicating directly with the other person. B. Emphasize problem-solving and common objectives. C. Try to get coworkers to side with them. D. Immediately seek help from the boss, even in slight conflict situations. E. Go to the human resources department when the conflict first occurs.

B. Emphasize problem solving and common objectives.

Which of the following statements about incivility is false? A. Incivility is common. B. Incivility results from interactions with coworkers, but not from bosses or subordinates. C. Bullying is most often evident to others. D. Bullying affects even those who are not bullied. E. Bullying has group-level implications.

B. Incivility results from interactions with coworkers, but not from bosses or subordinates.

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making? A. Managers possess complete information. B. Rational decision making is a struggle. C. The context for managerial decisions is simple and stable. D. Decisions can be made with certainty. E. Managers do not face restrictions when making decisions.

B. Rational decision making is a struggle.

Julie takes a broad perspective to problem-solving and likes to consider many options and future possibilities. She has a long-term perspective and relies heavily on intuition and discussions with others, and is good at finding creative solutions to problems. Julie has a(n) ________ style. A. analytical B. conceptual C. directive D. behavioral E. consultative

B. conceptual

Twenty-first-century leaders face unique challenges to address critical new competencies, which include all of the following except A. leading through change. B. defining roles. C. understanding digital technologies. D. embracing ambiguity. E. utilizing artificial intelligence.

B. defining roles.

In the encounter phase of organizational socialization, A. recruits anticipate realities about the organization and the new job. B. employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like. C. individuals resolve competing role demands. D. people master critical tasks. E. individuals anticipate the organization's need for someone with their skills and abilities.

B. employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision-making? A. greater commitment to a decision B. less pressure to conform C. better understanding of the decision rationale D. greater pool of knowledge E. more visible role modeling

B. less pressure to conform

Nate is a manager at a small appliance store. He is working with an unhappy customer who is yelling at him. Nate's policy on handling customer complaints is to give the customer what they want even at a cost to the company. This represents the ________ conflict-handling style. A) compromising B) integrating C) obliging D) avoiding E) dominating

C) obliging

An individual who enjoys working with others and enjoys social interactions in which opinions are openly exchanged exhibits which decision-making style? A. analytical B. conceptual C. directive D. behavioral E. consultative

D. behavioral

Core influence tactics include all of the following except A. rational persuasion. B. consultation. C. collaboration. D. coalition tactics. E. inspirational appeals.

D. coalition tactics.

Managers use ________ in three different ways: to make a decision, to inform a decision, and to support a decision. A. confirmation bias B. the rational model C. holistic hunches D. evidence or data E. normative models

D. evidence or data