MGT300 Exam 3

Select all of the statements that accurately reflect Alderfer's ERG theory. (Select all that apply.)

A person does not need to satisfy one level of needs before being motivated by another. Individuals are motivated to achieve three types of needs - existence, relatedness, and growth. Individuals may be motivated by multiple types of needs simultaneously.

Lavine isn't experiencing much motivation from her job lately because she doesn't get any opportunities to interact with others, work in teams, or develop close personal relationships with her coworkers. Lavine likely has a high level of which of McClelland's needs?

Affiliation

Select all of the laws prohibiting workplace discrimination in the United States.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Pregnancy Discrimination Act Equal Pay Act of 1963 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Which of these is one of the demographic trends in the United States related to sex?

An increase in the number of women in authority positions in organizations

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between motivation and self-efficacy?

An individual must be motivated to practice a new behavior in order to learn it, and this requires that the individual has some amount of self-efficacy.

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high responsibility for the outcomes of the work?

Arthur feels accountable for the outcomes of his work, whether good or bad.

Which of the following are characteristics of Generation Z? (Select all that apply.)

Assume constant connectivity Demand instant access to information

Self-determination theory proposes that people find activities to be satisfying and motivating when those activities fulfill individuals' innate desire for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Autonomy over outcomes Competence to influence outcomes Relatedness with others

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high experienced meaningfulness in the work?

Brandi's job is well-aligned with her personal values.

Which component of goal setting theory revolves around a person's perception of how important the goal is, and the person's determination to reach the goal?

Commitment

If you want to try to restore equity, which of the following would be good strategies? (Select all that apply.)

Comparing yourself to someone else Attempting to influence the other employee's inputs or outcomes Attempting to influence your own inputs or outcomes

Which statement most accurately represents the major difference between content and process theories of motivation? Multiple choice question.

Content theories emphasize the identification of the things that motivate us, while process theories emphasize how motivation occurs.

How are content theories of motivation different than process theories? (Select all that apply.)

Content theories focus on what motivates people, while process theories focus on how people are motivated. Content theories identify motivational variables, and process theories examine how those variables are combined.

Which of the following statements about the distinction between satisfaction and dissatisfaction are true? (Select all that apply.)

Dissatisfaction varies from being highly dissatisfied to not being highly dissatisfied. Satisfaction varies from being highly satisfied to not being highly satisfied. Someone who is not satisfied is not necessarily dissatisfied.

Select reasons for managers to concern themselves with diversity.

Diversity has great benefits for organizations. Failure to comply with diversity-related laws can be costly to organizations.

According to the expectancy theory of motivation, what questions are employees likely to ask themselves as they decide how much effort to devote to a task? (Select all that apply.)

Do I value the reward that is being offered? If I perform well, will I be rewarded accordingly? If I put more effort into this activity, will it improve my performance?

Which of the following are characteristics of Generation X? (Select all that apply.)

Entered the workforce during rough economic times Came of age during the AIDS epidemic

Which of these is an accurate list of the three components of the expectancy theory of motivation?

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Which of the following represents a reason managers should be concerned with diversity?

Federal and state laws protect workers from discrimination on the basis of certain characteristics.

Core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)

Feedback Task significance Task identity Autonomy Skill variety

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high knowledge of the work results

Felicity never has to wonder whether she is doing a good job - her level of work performance is always very clear to her.

Which of the following represent physiological needs? (Select all that apply.)

Food Water Oxygen

Select all of the true statements regarding unintended consequences of goals. (Select all that apply.)

Goals may engender employee behaviors that are not in the organization's best interest. In certain circumstances, pressure to meet goals can lead to unethical behaviors.

Select the statement that best describes the relationship between hygiene factors and job dissatisfaction.

Hygiene factors are those job conditions that influence job dissatisfaction, but not job satisfaction

How do motivators and hygiene factors affect the attitude workers feel toward their jobs? (Select all that apply.)

Hygiene factors increase or decrease the amount of dissatisfaction workers feel toward their jobs. Motivators make workers feel either more or less satisfied with their jobs.

Which of the following represents the first step in the OB Mod process?

Identify the measurable, observable, time-bound, performance-related behavior.

Which of the following statements best summarizes Alderfer's ERG theory?

Individuals are motivated to achieve three types of needs - existence, relatedness, and growth. An individual may be motivated by all three types of needs at the same time and does not need to satisfy one level of needs before being motivated by another.

Which of the following are things that Gen Zers take for granted? (Select all that apply.)

Instant access to entertainment Airport security screening lines

Which of the following scenarios best represents a high level of person-job fit?

Jackson, who has a high need for affiliation, is deeply engaged and motivated at work because his job involves plenty of opportunities for teamwork and collaboration with others.

Which of the following are reasons members of the Baby Boomer generation are predicted to wait until they are age 66 or older to retire?

Lack of retirement savings Strong work ethic

Which of the following examples represent ways managers can use principles of the job characteristics model to motivate employees? (Select all that apply.)

Move employees between different jobs each week to increase the variety of skills they use. Delegate authority to lower-level employees to encourage autonomy.

Select all of the correct statements regarding the reinforcement theory of motivation. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question.

Over time, individuals are more likely to repeat, or not repeat, behaviors that have been conditioned by reinforcements. If behaviors are followed by reinforcements, individuals form unconscious associations between the reinforcements and behaviors over time.

Which of these are things that Generation Xers experienced in their early lives? (Select all that apply.)

Parental divorce Corporate downsizing

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the premise of social learning theory? Multiple choice question.

People can learn without experiencing reinforcements if they are able to observe others' behaviors and their associated consequences.

What are the key components of the reinforcement theory of motivation? (Select all that apply.)

People develop patterns of behavior based on consequences they have experienced in the past. People are not aware that they are associating their behaviors with positive or negative consequences.

Select all of the challenges of diversity in the workplace. (Select all that apply.)

People have deep-rooted beliefs about people who are different, which may unintentionally hinder them in the workplace. Stereotypes continue to be problematic.

Which of the following statements about person-job fit is most accurate?

Person-job fit underlies the managerial motivation tactic of putting people in work situations where their needs will be met.

Select the general demographic trends in the United States

Population growth of more than 50 million people between 2000 and 2020 Projected U.S. population total of almost 355 million by 2030

Rene enjoys his job most when he is able to focus his energies on influencing other people at work toward the goals he believes are most important. Rene likely has a high level of which of McClelland's needs?

Power

Which of the following represent safety needs? (Select all that apply.)

Protection from emotional abuse Shelter from predators

Which of these would Herzberg's two-factor theory consider hygiene factors at work? (Select all that apply.)

Quality of supervisors Physical surroundings

Which of the following are characteristics of the Baby Boomer generation? (Select all that apply.)

Represent almost 30% of the population Predicted to defer retirement until they are at least 66 years old

How are satisfaction and dissatisfaction distinct?

Satisfaction varies from being highly satisfied to not being highly satisfied; dissatisfaction varies from being highly dissatisfied to not being highly dissatisfied.

Which of the following represent esteem needs? (Select all that apply.)

Self-respect Recognition Achievement

Which of the following are the theories of learning that are particularly important to motivation? (Select all that apply.)

Social learning theory Reinforcement theory

Which of the following statements best defines motivation?

The degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy toward a specific task or activity with intensity and persistence

Which of the following statements best represents a similarity between Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

The three needs in Alderfer's ERG theory overlap with the needs identified in Maslow's Hierarchy.

Process theories

These theories seek to determine how human behavior is motivated. They focus on how motivation occurs, rather than on the variables that motivate behavior.

Content theories

These theories seek to determine what it is that motivates human behavior. They focus on individual goals and needs, as well as on the proper use of extrinsic and intrinsic incentives.

According to equity theory, why do employees sometimes attempt to force their co-workers to work harder or try to arrange for them to be paid less?

They believe the employer is not treating everyone fairly.

Select all of the demographic trends in the United States related to sex. (Select all that apply.)

Women graduating from college at a higher rate than menMore women holding positions of responsibility in organizations than in previous years

Jayma typically performs very well at work when she faces goals that are challenging but within her ability to achieve. She also likes to be given responsibility and autonomy over her work. Jayma likely has a high level of which of McClelland's needs?

achievement

Interactional justice relates to individuals' perceptions that they ______.

are given full explanations for procedures in a respectful way

Choose the statement that best completes the following sentence about the job characteristics model. According to the job characteristics model, job characteristics will be less likely to engender employee motivation and satisfaction when employees ______.

are in their jobs solely for the money

Engagement is a motivation concept that refers to the degree to which employees ______.

are willing to invest all of their energies into their roles at work

The degree to which you believe you can realistically achieve a goal is known as goal ______, while the gap between a goal and your standing as it relates to that goal is known as goal ______.

attainability; difficulty

In Maslow's Hierarchy, self-actualization needs are those needs related to ______.

becoming what we are capable of

The job characteristics model includes five job dimensions that _____. Multiple choice question.

can be manipulated to increase employee satisfaction and motivation

In goal setting theory, stretch goals ______.

encourage employees to reach levels of performance they have never previously considered

n goal setting theory, stretch goals ______.

encourage employees to reach levels of performance they have never previously considered

The degree to which individuals are willing to invest all of their energies into their work roles is known as

engagement

If you increase the scope of a worker's job by adding more duties, you are attempting to motivate the employee through job _____.

enlargement

job ________ is also known as vertical loading of jobs.

enrichment

The belief that people make social comparisons between their own and others' inputs into and outcomes from an activity is a central component of ______.

equity theory

status and self respect

esteem needs

At a restaurant that offers delivery service to customers, the drivers used to be given a bonus at the end of their shifts if they made deliveries in their own cars. Now that the bonus has been discontinued, deliveries are taking longer because the drivers are all taking turns driving the two cars provided by the company. This is an example of ______.

extinction

When positive consequences that had previously followed a desirable behavior are withdrawn or withheld, tending to discourage the desirable behavior, this is known as ______.

extinction

According to equity theory, if you believe that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is equal to that of another person, you will perceive that the situation is ______.

fair

growth needs

focus on employees' desires to be productive in their tasks.

Job enrichment is motivating to employees because it ______. (Select all that apply.)

fosters empowerment increases responsibility

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best explains the self-determination theory of motivation. People find activities to be satisfying and motivating when those activities ______.

fulfill individuals' innate desire for competence, relatedness, and autonomy

One reason diversity is valued in organizations is that it ______.

gives the organization a greater pool of perspectives and ideas

Which of the following needs in Alderfer's ERG theory are related to employees' desires to be productive in their tasks?

growth

Choose the statement that best completes the following sentence about the job characteristics model. According to the job characteristics model, job characteristics will be more likely to engender employee motivation and satisfaction when employees ______.

have a need for personal growth

Complete the following sentence with all of the true statements about social learning theory. Social learning theory proposes that ______. (Select all that apply.)

in order to solidify learning, individuals need to engage in or practice the behaviors they observe individuals can learn by observing others' behaviors and associated consequences individuals with higher self-efficacy are more likely to practice observed behaviors

Job enrichment is defined as _____.

increasing the level of responsibility of an employee's job duties

The principle that refers to individual perceptions of fair, respectful, unbiased treatment during organizational processes is ______.

interactional justice

When individuals allocate their attention and energies toward a particular activity with intensity and persistence because of the feeling of inherent satisfaction that results from engaging in that activity, they are experiencing

intrinsic

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best describes the relationship between motivators and job satisfaction. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, motivators are the job conditions that influence ______.

job satisfaction but not job dissatisfaction

DC social media marketing company wants its employees to convert at least 10 new leads per week for their clients. Employees who reach this goal are exempt from having to attend the dreaded mandatory weekly company meeting where nothing of value ever happens. This is an example of ______.

negative reinforcement

Which of the following represents a hygiene factor at work, according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

on-site parking

Distributive justice relates to individuals' perceptions of fairness regarding ______.

outcomes

existence

physiological and safety needs

food and water

physiological needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, social needs, esteem, self-actualization

Self-actualization needs

relate to becoming what we are capable of, growth, and self-fulfillment

Employees may be happier and more motivated to do their jobs well if you engage in job ______ by allowing them to move among multiple jobs within the organization.

rotation

physical protection

safety needs

self-fulfillment

self actualization needs

growth

self-actualization

According to social learning theory, in order to be motivated to try learning a new behavior, individuals must have a certain amount of ______.

self-efficacy

relatedness

social and esteem needs

belongingness

social needs

According to goal setting theory, goals that are used to encourage employees to reach levels of performance they have never considered before are known as

stretch goals

According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, ______. (Select all that apply.)

the desire to be productive in one's tasks is a basic human need material issues such as pay and benefits represent one of an individual's three basic types of needs

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best defines intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation refers to the allocation of energies and attention toward a particular activity because of ______.

the feeling of inherent satisfaction that results from engaging in that activity

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best explains the expectancy theory of motivation. Expectancy theory focuses on ______.

three different types of questions people ask themselves as they mentally calculate how much effort to invest in an activity

One unintended consequence of goal setting is that goals may lead to ______.

unethical behaviors

According to the job characteristics model (JCM), the motivation potential for a job can be enhanced with five core job characteristics as long as ______. (Select all that apply.)

workers value opportunities for personal growth individual employees have the requisite job-related knowledge and skills the work context is generally satisfying

The people who are available for work in the most general sense is the definition of ______.

workforce