MGT337 Exam 2

Needs are caused by

deficiencies

The ________ leader wants the followers to share in making decisions.

democratic

In the rarest type of EAP found in organizations,

diagnosis and treatment are both provided by the organization.

A______ leader gives priority to work accomplishment over human feelings.

directive

Which of the following is not a recommended personal guideline for managing stress?

do not share persistent problems with others

Which of the following is NOT a specific warning sign of a potentially violent employee?

employees constantly needing other people's appreciation

The two methods used by the EEOC to determine whether discrimination against a protected group has occurred are ______ and

employment parity; occupational parity

Providing an employee suggestion box is a good move toward.

encouraging cooperation

All of the following are potential benefits from informal work groups EXCEPT:

encouraging participation.

Making a job more challenging may mean the job has been:

enriched.

The goal of the "right to know" rule is to:

ensure that employers and employees know what hazardous chemicals exist in the workplace.

In order to assist in preventing sexual harassment in the workplace, the supervisor should do all BUT the following:

express approval if the harassment is justified.

The first step in building an effective team is:

finding the right people.

The two most widely accepted measures of an organization's safety records are

frequency and severity.

The first step in training an employee in job skills is to

get the trainee ready to learn

The degree of attraction among group members, or how tightly knit a group is called:

group cohesiveness

The need for power is basically a need to

have influence over people

The result of job satisfaction is

increased commitment to the organization

Wellness programs include all of the following EXCEPT:

insurance programs.

An action that can be taken by organizations to reduce on-the-job stress is:

introducing early retirement programs.

The preference element of the preference-expectancy approach:

is concerned with the value that the employee places on the rewards that the organization offers.

Conflict

is inevitable in organizations

One of the advantages resulting from equal employment opportunity and affirmative action is that:

it offers employers a new reservoir of talent from which to obtain qualified candidates.

A(n) _____ is a written statement that identifies the tasks, duties, activities, and performance results required in a particular job.

job description

Herzberg's theory deals primarily with motivation through:

job design.

Supervisors can influence group cohesiveness by doing all of the following EXCEPT

keeping groups big

Effective supervisors are the kinds that:

learn to curb the negative effects of conflict and turn it around toward positive effects.

The Pygmalion effect is the tendency for employees to:

live up to their supervisor's expectations.

The general attitude of the group and the group's level of satisfaction is known as:

morale

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires employers to provide equal pay for males and females who:

perform work that is similar in skill, effort, and responsibility.

Examples of structural conflict include all of the following EXCEPT:

prejudices

The primary result of bringing personal problems to the workplace is

reduced productivity

It is every supervisor's responsibility to ensure the effective running of his/her department. Hence it is necessary for them to

refer the employee who has willingly spoken about the conflict to the company's employee asssisatance program

If an employee becomes hostile when referred to professional counseling, the supervisor should

remain firm but supportive.

If counseling the troubled employee is not effective, the supervisor should:

resort to disciplinary actions.

Performance should be measured in terms of

results achieved

In order to overcome some of the pitfalls in interviewing, the supervisor should first:

review all of the information that has been obtained in the previous steps of the selection process.

Frederick Taylor's traditional theory of motivation dealt mostly with:

rewards.

The highest-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy are _____needs.

self-actualization

Generally, it can be said that if the supervisor's expectations are high, the subordinates' productivity is likely to be high; if the supervisor's expectations are low, the subordinates' productivity is likely to be poor. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the:

self-fulfilling prophecy.

______ is based on the belief that the leader exists to meet the needs of the people who he/she nominally leads.

servant leadership

The Managerial Grid model of leadership style:

serves to help supervisors move more toward a team-management style.

The best attitude to have about stress is that:

stress is a part of everyday organizational life.

Supervisors are in the best position to promote safety within the organization because

supervisors serve as the link between management and operative employees.

When the situation is moderately favorable to the leader, _____ leadership is usually most effective.

supportive

One problem associated with the use of the forced-distribution method and not with other methods is that:

the group being appraised may not be large enough to generate a bell-shaped distribution

Group members tend to conform to group norms when:

the norms are consistent with the individuals' attitudes.

The halo effect occurs when:

the supervisor allows one prominent characteristic of a person to dominate judgment of all other characteristics.

In order for a safety program to be most successful, it must start at the

top level of management

Experts attribute the vast majority of organizational accidents to unsafe environments and

unsafe personal acts

Postponing needed help for a troubled employee:

will not ease the problem.

For an organization's safety record to be objective, all of the following useful comparisons can be made EXCEPT

with the number of accidents at one particular source

Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to be cohesive?

A bowling team that bowled the entire season without winning a game

Identify the correct statement about job descriptions

A job description results from a job analysis

The needs hierarchy is based mostly on the work of

Abraham Maslow

Identify the correct statement about a "problem" employee:

An employee who has a negative impact on the organization's performance but whose problem can usually be corrected with counseling and/or discipline.

Under which leadership style would the work groups contribute little, if anything, to decision making?

Autocratic

_______ occurs when an employee loses interest in and motivation for doing the job.

Burnout

Which of the following strategies in dealing with interpersonal conflicts can be used to expedite solutions under time pressures or to obtain temporary solutions to complex problems?

Compromise

According to the Managerial Grid, in which style of leadership is there a high concern for people and low concern for production?

Country-club style

_____ refers to how well the person understands what is expected on the job.

Direction

Which type of leader spends much more time than other leaders solving production problems.

Directive

Which of the following is NOT a technique that would improve the supervisor's career counseling?

Discuss employees' concerns with their peers and subordinates.

Which of the following exists when the proportion of protected employees employed by an organization equals the proportion in the organization's relevant labor market?

Employment parity

Which of the following requires the supervisor to write a series of statements about an employee's past performance, potential for promotion, and strengths and weaknesses?

Essay appraisal

Which of the following prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, sex, color, religion, or national origin and requires affirmative action regarding these factors?

Executive Order 11246

Providing no positive consequences or removing previously provided positive consequences as a result of undesirable behavior is a feature of this type of reinforcement.

Extinction.

A job description involves giving the qualifications necessary to perform the job.

FALSE

A supervisor should attempt to counsel an employee with severe personal problems.

FALSE

An informal supervisor is never a good leader.

FALSE

By setting unattainable goals, the supervisor will encourage the employees to work harder.

FALSE

Democratic, follower-oriented, and permissive are terms commonly used to describe the directive leader.

FALSE

Forcing a solution in a conflict situation has been found to be the most effective means of resolving conflict.

FALSE

Health insurance protects the employee during a permanent disability.

FALSE

If an employee has above-average ability and puts forth a great deal of effort, then that employee should be a satisfactory performer.

FALSE

Interpersonal conflict can result when barriers exist between an individual's drives and the achievement of his/her goals.

FALSE

It is safe to assume that an applicant, if hired, will behave exactly the same way on the job as he/she does during the interview.

FALSE

Job specifications state the characteristics of a job and the types of work performed in the job.

FALSE

Proper attention to hygiene factors is a necessary and sufficient condition for motivation.

FALSE

Supervisors should see to it that new employees know how to do their jobs properly, but they need not be concerned with more experienced employees

FALSE

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits employers from asking about an individual's ability to perform a job.

FALSE

The effect of supervisors on the achievement of EEO goals is minimal; most responsibility is in middle and upper management levels of the organization.

FALSE

The fact that most positions or jobs with authority are held by white males is solely based on discrimination at the workplace.

FALSE

The results of the Hawthorne studies show that when groups of employees are singled out for attention, they tend to work less efficiently.

FALSE

Workaholics are often the most efficient people because they frequently engage in doing so many things.

FALSE

By overlooking poor job performance, the problem will often go away on its own.

False

Central tendency occurs when the supervisor groups all of the ratings at the positive end instead of spreading them through the performance scale.

False

Environmental factors are those things on a job that are within an employee's control.

False

Generally, supervisors have the primary responsibility for conducting different types of training efforts.

False

It is not important to match the right person with the right skill set as either a manager or leader.

False

Medical exams should be given before conditional offers of employment are made.

False

The "evangelist" is an example of an employee who does not cause problems.

False

Under Affirmative Actions plan, quotas for hiring women and other minorities is required by law.

False

When initiating a drug-testing program, it is best if the employer randomly tests job applicants as well as current employees.

False

When performance appraisals are based on personal characteristics, which of the following may be a problem?

Favoritism may influence ratings.

This kind of performance appraisal error occurs when the rater allows a single characteristic of an employee to influence his/her judgment.

Halo Effect

Which of the following covers such things as normal hospitalization and outpatient doctor bills?

Health insurance

Which of the following is a change in the personality of a troubled employee that affects working relationships?

Insubordinates

_______ occurs when the goal of an individual has both positive and negative aspects and wen two or more conflicting goals exist.

Intrapersonal conflict

Which of the following is the most effective style of leadership?

It depends on the situation

Identify the correct statement about a task force.

It has a single goal, such as resolving a problem.

Identify the incorrect statement about interpersonal conflict.

It is independent of the personalities involved.

Identify the correct statement about the Peter Principle.

It states that in a hierarchy such as a modern organization, individuals tend to rise to their levels of incompetence.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using external sources for human resource needs?

Longer adjustment or orientation time

Which of the following is an advantage of using internal sources for human resource needs?

Lower cost for some jobs

The supervisor and employee should jointly agree on the worker's objectives and standards of evaluation in which type of performance appraisal method?

Management by objectives

Which of the following is NOT a positive effect resulting from supervisory counseling of an employee?

Moralizing on the effects of drug abuse and alcoholism

Which of the following is NOT one of the needs identified by David McClelland?

Need for safety

Normally, what is the waiting period required following a disability before an employee becomes eligible for benefits?

One to six months

Which of the following factors would probably cause a group to become less cohesive?

Participation in group activities becomes an unpleasant experience.

During which stage of conflict are the conditions for conflict recognized by one or both of the

Perceived conflict

_____ conflict results from the promotion of self-interest on the part of an individual.

Political

________ tests measure how well the applicant can do a sample of the work that is to be performed.

Proficiency

_____ tests measure a person's strength, dexterity, and coordination.

Psychomotor

Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of the checklist form of performance appraisals?

Scoring and recording results is difficult

Identify the correct statement about OSHA.

State plans are OSHA-approved job safety and health programs operated by individual states instead of federal OSHA.

A supervisor who supports the informal work group in legitimate claims is likely to get:

Support from the group, in turn.

A moderate amount of stress can be beneficial.

TRUE

After the completion of the performance evaluation, ideally, the employee must get a signed copy of the evaluation.

TRUE

As far as the motivation process is concerned, the thrust of the need hierarchy theory is that a satisfied need is not a motivator.

TRUE

By law, it is required that there is a proven relationship between on a preemployment test and performing better on the job.

TRUE

Each year, American businesses face losses in billions of dollars because of personal problems that accompany employees to work and have a negative effect on their attendance and job performance.

TRUE

Group conformity is the degree to which the members of the group accept and abide by the norms of the group.

TRUE

If an employer can prove that discrimination is essential to the safety, efficiency, and operation of a business then that employer can legally discriminate as long as no other alternatives exist.

TRUE

In over 50 plus years of study, no single set of personality traits or set of characteristics can be used to pinpoint a leader from a nonleader.

TRUE

Informal work groups often develop from a group of employees having mutual interests such as sports.

TRUE

Leaders who want to build morale are usually sensitive to the employees as human beings.

TRUE

Major objectives of ergonomics are to reduce fatigue and accidents due to human error.

TRUE

Morale is related to group attitudes, while job satisfaction is more of an employee's attitude.

TRUE

One of the purposes of a performance appraisal system is to prepare employees for future opportunities that may arise.

TRUE

One reason that supervisors generally do not directly relate rewards with performance is that it is easier to give everyone an equal pay raise.

TRUE

Reinforcement assumes that the consequences of behavior determine an individual's level of motivation.

TRUE

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 requires that companies must provide evidence that the business practice that led to the discrimination was not discriminatory but was job-related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity.

TRUE

The EEOC and the courts have uniformly held that Title VII does not prohibit employment discrimination against homosexuals.

TRUE

The forced-distribution ranking makes each employee's performance evaluation a function of the performance of other employees in the job.

TRUE

The formal authority granted by top management is no guarantee that a supervisor will effectively guide a group.

TRUE

The laissez-faire leader allows the group members to do as they please.

TRUE

The quality of an employee's performance is determined by a combination of three factors: effort, ability, and direction.

TRUE

The responsibility for identifying hazards posed by a specific chemical rests with the manufacturer of the product or the importer that brings it into the United States if it is manufactured abroad.

TRUE

Two of the most commonly used ranking methods of performance appraisal are alternation ranking and paired comparison ranking.

TRUE

Two or more departments having differing goals can lead to a form of structural conflict

TRUE

Under emergency or high-pressure situations, emphasis on the work is desirable and often preferred by employees.

TRUE

Wellness programs are designed to prevent illness and enhance employee well-being.

TRUE

When confronting the troubled employee, the supervisor should restrict criticism and discussion to job performance.

TRUE

When discipline is called for, its purpose should be to teach, not to punish.

TRUE

Which of the following was the significant case concerning religious discrimination?

TWA v. Hardison

Which of the following is NOT one of the pitfalls to avoid when training a new employee?

Taking the attitude that all people can and want to learn.

Which of the following is NOT one of the preparations that should be undertaken if disciplinary action is to be taken.

Terminate the employee

Identify the correct statement about incentives

They are usually directly related to performance.

Identify the correct statement about nondirective counseling

This approach is suggested for most situations because it tends to create an environment in which the employee is encouraged to come up with solutions.

Which law has been the source of the greatest number of complaints concerning discrimination?

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which approach to leadership involves cultivating employee acceptance of the group mission?

Transformational

Constructive criticism can be a mentoring skill.

True

For most employees, a formal work group is attractive because it increases pay and offers some satisfaction.

True

Goals can have both positive and negative aspects.

True

In order to avoid discrimination, an interviewer should concentrate on evaluating an applicant on ability and potential, not characteristics like appearance and age.

True

One problem of the essay appraisal is that the length and content of the written statement can vary considerably from supervisor to supervisor.

True

When groupthink occurs, members become unwilling to say anything against the group or any member, even if an action is wrong.

True

In which of the following do accidents occur MOST frequently?

Where heavy, awkward material is handled with equipment.

A major advantage of this method is that it bases the performance appraisal on factors that are generally more objective than most of the other methods.

Work-standards

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act:

applies to employers of 20 or more people

Supervised training and testing for a minimum time and until a minimum skill level has been attained is:

apprenticeship training.

What usually happens if a highly cohesive, informal group is pressured by some force outside of the group? the group would probably:

become closer to each other.

A person who is often selected as an informal group leader will usually have a high degree of _____ skills.

communication

Once a troubled employee has been identified, the supervisor should:

confront the employee.