MGT340 Exam 2

Norman's job requires that he works 40 hours a week. Because of certain family obligations, it is difficult for him to work on Tuesdays. So Norman works an extra two hours each of the other days of the week so that he can have Tuesdays off. This arrangement is known as _____.

A compressed work schedule

According to expectancy theory, in order for motivated behavior to occur, which condition must be met?

A person must believe that if effort is expended, high performance will result.

Last Thursday, the day before an important assignment was due, Tanya called in sick. This is not the first time that she has not shown up for work at a critical time. Which behavior of Tanya's is a workplace behavior that makes it difficult for her team to accomplish its goals?

Absenteeism

Which need, similar to Maslow's belongingness, is a desire for human companionship and acceptance?

Affiliation

When considering the three elements of charismatic leaders, how would a leader energize others?

By demonstrating personal confidence

All other things being equal, which type of leader is most likely to influence others?

Charismatic

Amina uses work teams in her department, and she allows them to plan and direct their own work. What is Amina's role for her work teams?

Coach

Which of the following best describes attitudes?

Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people

Although she makes a good salary, Arayla does not think she gets the recognition she deserves from her supervisor or her colleagues. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need is not being met?

Esteem

According to Fiedler, when considering situational approaches to leadership, what is the key situational factor?

Favorableness of the situation from the leader's perspective

Employees at LevelTech are paid every Friday. This is an example of reinforcement that is provided on which type of schedule?

Fixed-Interval

Jolanta's department using a reward system. When employees offer ideas that save the company money, the group will receive up to 20 percent of the money the company saves. Which type of reward system does Jolanta's department use?

Gainsharing

Ugar wants to reward positive behaviors, but he wants to do so in a way that is most effective. What should Ugar do to reward his employees for those behaviors he wants to encourage?

He should provide reinforcements after a variable number of observed behaviors.

Recently, Lupita has not been performing as well at work as she used to. She has been showing up to work late and claims the work simply is boring and unfulfilling. What should Lupita's manager do to strengthen Lupita's performance?

He should try to determine the nature of Lupita's problem.

Nila's manager is rational and nonemotional, and Nila thinks he occasionally lies to attain personal goals. Which personality trait might Nila's manager have?

High Machiavellianism

As a manager, Zereth provides her team with broad goals, then allows them to be self-directed in carrying out routine activities that support those goals. Which of the following does Zereth use to motivate her employees?

Human relations approach

Woojin wears a shirt and tie to work every day, even though it isn't required. He also asked to be placed on high-profile projects so that he can be linked to successful work. Which of the following is Woojin using?

Impression management

TruTech wants to reward employees for outstanding performance, however the reward needs to be a one-time reward based on the specific level of performance. TruTech should consider using ____

Incentives

While salary is important to her, Olesia is most satisfied with the recognition she receives for her efforts on a cross-departmental work team. Her supervisor and team leader have both expressed the company's gratitude for her contributions and praise for her performance. Which aspect of the physiological contract does Olesia value?

Inducements

Pallavi is a marketing associate at her firm and wants to move up in the department. She is looking for ways to be noticed by her superiors in the department. She learned that the vice president of marketing and four of the marketing account managers are on the company golf team. There was an opening on the team this spring, and Pallavi joined. The main reason she joined the team is for _____.

Insturmental benefits

Which of the following is true of strategic leadership?

It leads change to achieve a superior alignment between a firm and the environment.

According to research, a person with which personality attribute is more likely to produce higher overall job performance?

More extroverted

Nila finds her work very fulfilling. While salary is important to her, Nila is most satisfied with the recognition she receives for her efforts on a cross-departmental work team. Her supervisor and team leader have both expressed the company's gratitude for her contributions and praise for her performance. Based on the two-factor theory of motivation, Nila's satisfaction derives from which type of factors?

Motivation

What is the result when we experience an optimal level of stress?

Motivation

Recently, Eli, a fellow manager, asked Jewel to support his request for the firm to open a childcare center at its site. Jewel has no opinion regarding a childcare center, but she supported Eli's request anyway, with the hopes that he will support her next proposal. Which type of political behavior does this demonstrate?

Obligation

Why is transformational leadership becoming more vital to the success of a business?

Rapid change and turbulent environments

In terms of emotional intelligence, what should people be high in so that they can effectively guide their own lives and behaviors?

Self-awareness

Ella is a high school student with a high need for achievement. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Ella?

She has a desire to assume personal responsibility.

Atmir has a complex and stressful project. He stayed late several nights this week, but on Thursday, he never showed up for work. When his manager called to see if Atmir was OK, Atmir told his manager he had slept through his alarm. Which state of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was Atmir in?

Stage 3

Ugar is interviewing candidates, and he is paying special attention to their communication skills. He believes communication skills are critical for this position. Which of the following is Ugar using as part of his selection process?

Stereotyping

Which of the following is a concept that identifies situations in which leader behaviors are neutralized or replaced by characteristics of the subordinate, the task, and the organization?

Substitutes for leadership

Polani was hired specifically because of her unique skills and track record of success. Based on the psychological contract, what are the expectations of the employer?

The use of those skills on the new job

Kelsey thinks all sales presentations should use a standard format to promote consistency across brands and build the corporate image. Julio strongly disagrees. He feels creativity and customization are necessary to make each brand stand out in the marketplace. Which of the following is true of the conflict between Kelsey and Julio?

This interpersonal conflict is based upon different beliefs about work

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what is the primary function of a leader?

To clarify behaviors that lead to rewards

According to Taylor, why are people willing to perform difficult and unpleasant work?

To earn money that is more important than the unpleasant work

Kaia seems to be very competitive, and she has a sense of time urgency. She is often aggressive with others and impatient. Kaia seems to be under stress often. Which type of personality does Kaia have?

Type A

Which of the following is true of Type A and Type B individuals?

Type B individuals have a weaker sense of time urgency than Type A individuals.

Tariq's development team is in the process of validating a key feature of a product design. The product development team is in which stage of the creative process?

Verification

Jordan Automotive is required to use a highly integrated system that links MRP, production, inventory, and sales is warranted with its client. The costs of such a system are high, and the conversion process is extensive. Because it involves dramatic changes to job and process designs, management anticipates resistance throughout the company. Facing the decision for a major computer upgrade, which situational leadership model is best suited to prescribe appropriate leadership behavior at Jordan Automotive?

Vrooms decision tree approach

Which of the following encompasses the resources needed to do the job?

Work environment

Julian has been given a new account with a difficult client. Julian is highly agreeable and typically has good working relationships with others. Which personality trait does Julian have that will potentially extend to his relationship with this customer?

agreeableness

Leaders using consideration behavior _____.

attempt to establish a friendly and supportive climate

A manager who uses punishment and emotional threat to lead is using which type of leadership power?

coercive

Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?

coercive

Japan is generally characterized by the view that the group is more important than any individual in it. This is known as _____.

collectivism

Willa's employer has announced a goal of increasing production by 12 more units each day, a challenging but reasonable number. Because Willa will not be paid any extra for reaching this goal, she is not willing to work harder to produce the extra units. Which attribute of the expanded goal-setting theory is not being met in this example?

commitment

Amina is on a team looking at new health insurance options that will help save the organization money. The team knows that any changes to the policy will result in concern for the employees. Which decision-making style can Amina and her team use to get suggestions from employees before making a decision?

consult

Julius is looking at various motivational tools for his department. Before he decides on one, he decides to try and determine which factor or factors really motivate people. Which view of motivation is Julius using?

content perspective

Apoorva works in the marketing department of a major insurance company located in her hometown. She finds her work very satisfying. Due to her attitude, Apoorva is likely to have a high level of _____.

contribution

Byron observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye when Byron is speaking to him. Later, Byron sees that this employee does not look other people in the eye either. Byron decides that the employee is not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must have difficulty making eye contact with people. Byron makes this attribution based on _____.

distinctiveness

In order to get ahead, Stan gave some of his colleagues incorrect project specs. Their work did not meet the requirements for the project, and his was the only one that was acceptable. This is an example of _____.

dysfunctional behavior

Melissa called in sick so she could go to a baseball game. The cause of her absenteeism is _____.

feigned

The sales department at Midwest Textiles has been together for years, and when they meet their identified objectives, they move on to new ones. Which type of group is the sales department considered to be?

functional group

As a highly organized person, Eli writes a list of things he wants to achieve each day. Each of those things will help him accomplish longer-term goals that he has. Which of the following describes the extent to which Eli is personally interested in reaching his goals?

goal commitment

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to increase commitment to select individuals with _____.

high ethical standards

What are the psychological, emotional, and physical attributes that vary from person to person called?

individual differences

Which of the following is a factor that increases cohesiveness?

interaction

Raj, Marah, and Grant are part of the sales force at Midwest Textiles. The three of them try to have lunch together once or twice a month to discuss strategies and sales techniques. Raj, Marah, and Grant are an example of a(n) _____.

interest gorup

The production team started work on a project and then the development team changed the specs. The production team said the spec changes would increase the budget and delay final product delivery. The development team insisted that the product must be delivered according to the original schedule in order to meet a crucial sales window in the marketplace. Production said that the original schedule could be met only if the original specs were followed, but development insisted that the spec changes were necessary to be competitive in the marketplace. Which type of conflict is this?

intergroup

Nila and Manoj cannot agree on the best way to handle a customer complaint. This customer has been a good customer for Nila in the past, and while she is training Manoj to take over this customer account, she does not agree with how he always manages them. Their manager has decided to sit down with both of them together to see how to best resolve this customer complaint. Which type of conflict resolution is their manager using?

interpersonal problem solving

Andrew has been working a lot of hours at work in order to be caught up before leaving for vacation. Just before leaving for vacation, his boss texted him and asked him to review a report once more before sending it to a client. Andrew reviewed the report while on the airplane, but his spouse was annoyed. Which type of conflict is Andrew experiencing?

interroll

Petra works for human resources in the staffing department. The department manager she supports has seven open positions and wants them filled now. However, the division manager has told Petra they plan to start reducing staff within the next month and not to fill any open positions. Petra is likely experiencing _____.

intrarole conflict

Which of the following is true of an interest group?

it is created by its own members

Eli has found that organizational rewards do not inspire him, and he would rather do freelance work because of the independence it offers him. For Eli, what does independence act as?

leadership neutralizer

After several years of service at her company, Melanie was just promoted to a middle management position. This promotion gives Melanie which type of power?

legitamite

Which of the following is an example of a contribution that an employee provides to an organization?

loyalty to the firm

According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, what is a manager who uses the strongest level of boss-centered leadership likely to do?

make a decision and announce it

Which of the following is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways?

motivation

Game theory is often unworkable in real negotiation situations because _____.

negotiators do not always act rationally

Dajhia has always been good with change, and she has a broad interest in others. She is curious, imaginative, and creative. Which of the Big Five personality traits is Dajhia considered to be high in?

openness

Which Big Five personality trait refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests?

openness

When an organization decides to use teams, it is essentially implementing a form of _____.

organizational change

Even though Aisha enjoys her work, she does not see herself as a long-term member of the organization. She knows she will eventually want to relocate to be closer to family. Aisha has a low level of _____.

organizational commitment

Helena regularly consults with her subordinates, and she solicits their suggestions and lets them help in decision making. According to path-goal theory, Helena is exhibiting which type of leader behavior?

participative

Which of the following is a function of management, but not leadership?

planning and budgeting

Even when budgets are limited and schedules are tight, Nils always approaches a project in an upbeat manner. He takes the challenges in stride, is optimistic that he can meet goals, and often succeeds. Nils has a high degree of _____.

positive affectivity

Pallavi has been under a lot of stress at work. As a result, when she gets home, she is short with her family and has a hard time sleeping. Which type of consequence of stress is Pallavi experiencing?

psychological

Which of the following would inhibit creative efforts in an organization?

punishing creative failures

Olesia has worked for the same company for five years and knows she does a good job. Recently, a new employee was hired in her department, and Olesia heard the new person is being paid more than she is. According to equity theory, what might Olesia do because she feels underrewarded?

reduce the inequity

Teresita feels unchallenged at work and is bored. She wants projects that have more challenge, so she began talking to other managers who may need help. Which process in the motivation framework is Teresita experiencing?

search for ways to satisfy the need

Dezmon maintains a high degree of confidence in the accuracy and quality of his work. Dezmon has a high level of _____.

self efficacy

Which of the following refers to an individual's belief about his or her capabilities to perform a task?

self efficacy

Russell was recently hired by Megawatt International, a growing battery technology company. He earned the top management position because of his ability to align organizational competencies with environmental conditions. Which of Russell's leadership skills did Megawatt International find especially attractive?

strategic

Ramkumar is already working under a tight deadline, and his client just changed the job specifications. What are the strong stimuli that are causing Ramkumar additional stress called?

stressors

According to the theory of charismatic leadership by Robert House, which trait do charismatic leaders often possess?

strong need to influence others

Which of the following can best be described as a type of group that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities?

team

One of the primary approaches to negotiation is to study individual characteristics. Which of the following is an example of an individual characteristic?

the locus of control of each party

For some reason, Pat and Lin just do not get along. Somehow, they got off on the wrong foot when they first started working together, and they have never gotten past it. They continue to work together when they have to, but they do not trust each other to get the job done properly. Which of the following is true of the conflict between Pat and Lin?

the source of their conflict is personality clash

Which of the following is true of charismatic leaders?

they set high expectations

Jolanta told her manager she will be late for work today because of an appointment. Her manager knew Jolanta would make up the hours, either by staying late or working on the weekend. Which type of work arrangement does Jolanta have?

variable