Micro 10-12

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Gametocyte

A cell produced during conjugation and capable of dividing to form male and female sex cells.

Cellulitis

A condition of diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous and connective tissues.

Dermatophytosis

A condition of fungal infections also known as tinea.

​Septate

A morphological characteristic of being separated by a dividing structure.

Prognosis

A professional prediction or forecast of the most likely course or outcome of a disease.

​Trophozoite

A protozoan in a metabollically active active feeding and growth stage of the life cycle.

Trichomoniasis

A sexually transmitted parasitic protozoal disease disease of the urogenital tract.

Maculopapular

A type of skin rash characterized by reddened or pink flat spots and raised bumps.

​Folliculitis

An inflammation involving hair follicles caused by bacterial or fungal infection.

​Which of the following types of organisms has a segmented exoskeleton and jointed appendages? ​-Arthropod ​-Ciliate ​-Helminth ​-Protozoan

Arthropod

​Which of the following groups of pathogens causes vulvovaginal infections? ​-Candida ​-Aspergillus ​-Histoplasma ​-Coccidioides

Candida

​Sporozoites

Cells released from an oocyst in the disease malaria and transmitted through mosquito bites.

Which of the following forms of reproduction is classified as sexual?​ ​-Budding ​-Conjugation -​Mitotic fission ​-Schizogony

Conjugation

​Radionuclide scan

Diagnostic imaging study using isotopes to view bones or organs.

​Erythema

Dilation of cutaneous capillaries resulting in superficial redness, often in patches.

Which tropical infection is also known as Guinea worm disease?​ ​-Chagas disease ​-Cysticercosis ​-Dengue fever ​-Dracunculiasis

Dracunculiasis

Which group of bacteria demonstrate the highest intrinsic antibiotic resistance to vancomycin? -​Enterococci -Group A streptococci ​-Group B streptococci ​-Viridans group streptococci

Enterococci

Erysipelas

Epidermic skin cellulitis caused by Group A Streptococci and appears as a bright red rash on the face following strep throat infection or in other areas following surgery or injury.

Bullous impetigo is also called impetigo contagiosa and is extremely transmissible by indirect contact.​ -True -False

False

Dengue fever is endemic in southern Canadian and northern U.S. states and transmitted by deer ticks.​ -True -False

False

Fungal cell walls are composed of polysaccharides and chlorophyll.​ -True -False

False

Histoplasmosis is the leading cause of cases of fungal meningitis.​ -True -False

False

Malaria is prevalent in developing countries and transmitted by the fecal-oral route where there is poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water.​ -True -False

False

Mosquitoes were the vectors for the disease called bubonic plague which killed millions in the middle ages.​ -True -False

False

Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are difficult to distinguish from one another on lab culture because both appear as white growth colonies on agar plates.​ -True -False

False

Staphylococcus aureus has a cell envelope that contains protein M which is antigenic to protect against phagocytosis and enhances adherence to pharyngeal tissues.​ -True -False

False

Streptococcus pyogenes produces the exfoliative toxin responsible for the loss of epidermal tissues in scalded skin syndrome.​ -True -False

False

Sycosis barbae is an inflammation of the hair follicles of the scalp in children. -True -False

False

The only route of transmission of parasites which infect humans is through bites of arthropod vectors.​ -True -False

False

​East African trypanosomiasis is also called river blindness and caused by microfilarial worms. -True -False

False

​Fungal pathogens infect both animals and humans but cannot be transmitted between the species. -True -False

False

​Thrush infections produce a cottage-cheese-like discharge of the vagina or penis and symptoms of itching and irritation. -True -False

False

Which disease causes lymphatic obstruction and the condition called elephantiasis? ​ -​Filariasis ​-Ehrlichiosis ​-Cysticercosis ​-Toxoplasmosis

Filariasis

Annelides

Fungal cells that produce conidia by growing in length and tapering toward the tip.

Ringworm

Fungal infections in humans and animals characterized by a reddened, raised circular shape and usually a clearer center.

Mycosis

General term used for a fungal infection which can be superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic in nature.

Which fungal infection is transmitted by exposure to bat guano or bird droppings?​ -​Aspergillosis ​-Coccidiomycosis ​-Histoplasmosis -​Mucormycosis

Histoplasmosis

​Puerperal fever

Infection involving the female reproductive system including the endometrium following childbirth, abortion, or miscarriage which can progress to septicemia or peritonitis.

Dysentery

Infection of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa characterized by viruses, bacteria, or parasites.

​Invertebrates

Living organisms which have no skeleton or backbone.

Which parasitic disease is the most common in humans on a worldwide scale? ​-Babesiosis ​-Chikungunya ​-Dengue fever -​Malaria

Malaria

Copepods

Microscopic water fleas infected with Guinea worm larvae that are ingested by humans who drink contaminated water.

​Hermaphrodite

Organisms such as trematodes and cestodes which possesses both male and female reproductive organs and the ability to self-fertilize of cross-fertilize.

Angioinvasion

Penetration of arteries or veins by pathogenic organisms to gain access to the circulatory system.

Nikolsky's sign

Sloughing off of skin with manual friction as seen in scalded skin syndrome.

Ubiquitous

Something that is widespread, found everywhere, or constantly encountered.

Which type of bacteria are characterized by their spherical, grape-cluster appearance?​ ​-Enterococci ​-Staphylococci ​-Streptococci ​-Viridans group

Staphylococci

Chronic bone and bone marrow infections are most commonly caused by:​ ​-Staphylococcus aureus ​-Staphylococcus lugdunensis ​-Streptococcus pneumoniae ​-Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

Which pathogenic bacteria are most commonly responsible for acute pharyngitis and scarlet fever?​ -Staphylococcus aureus ​-Staphylococcus lugdunensis ​-Streptococcus pneumoniae ​-Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes

Pyogenic

The ability of a bacterial pathogen to produce pus.

Candidemia

The pathogenic presence of a species of yeast in the circulating bloodstream.

Desquamation

The shedding or peeling of epithelial tissues as seen in toxic shock syndrome.

Which form of dermatophytosis involves the feet?​ ​-Tinea barbae ​-Tinea capitis ​-Tinea manuum ​-Tinea pedis

Tinea pedis

Onychomycosis is a chronic condition also known as which of the following? ​-Tinea barbae ​-Tinea capitis ​-Tinea manuum ​-Tinea unguium

Tinea unguium

An Ascaris nematode can grow to 12 inches inside the human intestinal tract and have teeth that can chew through the intestinal mucosa to invade the abdominal cavity.​ -True -False

True

Candidemia is an opportunistic fungal infection rarely seen in healthy individuals.​ -True -False

True

Endocarditis from artificial heart valve implantation with infection from S. epidermidis may not manifest clinical symptoms for up to one year following surgery.​ -True -False

True

Nail salon workers should be required to have certification demonstrating competence in prevention of transmitting tinea unguium.​ -True -False

True

Parasitic protozoa are capable of developing a protective cyst when environmental conditions are unfavorable.​ -True -False

True

Premature and low-birth-weight babies are at elevated risk for invasive candidiasis.​ -True -False

True

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised cancer patient with neutropenia and in diabetics with ketoacidosis.​ -True -False

True

Streptococcus agalactiae is better known as group B streptococcus (GBS).​ -True -False

True

The mechanism of respiration used by most parasitic protozoa consists of facultative anaerobic processes.​ -True -False

True

The primary effect of infective endocarditis is valvular insufficiency followed by congestive heart failure and myocardial abscesses. ​ -True -False

True

The process of leavening in bread incorporates air bubbles for a lighter texture.​ -True -False

True

The term infection pertains to the presence of endoparasites and infestation pertains to the presence of ectoparasites.​ -True -False

True

​Candida neoformans is the only species of yeast capable of producing a capsule. -True -False

True

​Pregnant women are advised to avoid exposure to cat litterboxes due to the potential for transmission parasites that cause toxoplasmosis which can harm the developing fetus. -True -False

True

​Researchers believe that up to 90% of the deaths in World War I soldiers infected with the 1918 influenza pandemic actually died of secondary S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes infections. -True -False

True

​The most common pathogens responsible for intravascular catheter-related infections are coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) according to the CDC. -True -False

True

Dimorphic

Types of fungal organisms that can exist as either yeast form or mold form depending on the environmental and growth condition.

​Bacteria responsible for deep tissue abscesses are most likely _________________ in terms of oxygen requirements.

anaerobic

Sinonasal destruction and brain abscesses can occur in infections from species of ______________ mold.​

aspergillus

During reproductive budding of yeast cells, the parent cell produces a protuberance called a ______________________​

blastoconidium

​Thin-walled vesicles which easily rupture in cases of ______________ impetigo are considered less contagious than the alternative form of impetigo.

bollous

A thin, semi-rigid film called a pellicle surrounds a _______________ to give it a more defined shape than an amoeba.​

flagellate

Mucormycosis and histoplasmosis are infections caused by types of _____________ organisms.

fungal

Mycology is the study of microscopic and macroscopic organisms called ___________.

fungi

Bacteria which demonstrate positive results on Gram staining under some conditions and negative under other circumstances are called ________________________.​

gram variable

Otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear seen frequently in children with chronic infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Otitis media infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae may require a surgical ____________________________ procedure and placement of small vent tubes.​

myringotomy

A group of helminths which includes Ascaris lumbricoides and the cause of intestinal obstruction due to the large numbers that reproduce in the GI tract are generally called ____________________.​

nematodes

Single-celled eukaryotic microbes called _______________ are often responsible for parasitic infections in living hosts, including humans and animals.​

protozoa

The genus __________________ is divided into the groups: typhus, scrub typhus and spotted fever.​

rickettsia

In a symbiotic relationship, a parasite termed a __________________ takes up residence inside a host and extracts what it needs, sometimes resulting in harm or death of the host organism.​

symbiont

The oral yeast infection candidiasis is also commonly called _______________.

thrush

Recent childbirth, use of wound packing materials, or menstrual tampons left in place for an extended time are risk factors for _____________________.​

toxic shock syndrome

Flukes

​A cell produced during conjugation and capable of dividing to form male and female sex cells.

Fluconazole and echinocandin are drugs in which general classification?​ ​-Antibacterial ​-Antifungal ​-Antimicrobial ​-Antiviral

​Antifungal

​Necrotizing fasciitis is most often the result of a break in the skin allowing which of the following to gain access to deeper tissues and cause damage? ​-Enterococci ​-Group A streptococci ​-Group B streptococci -V​iridans group streptococci

​Group A streptococci


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