Micro 2080 Ch 11 - Epidemiology and Public Health

Physical factors, availability of appropriate reservoirs, sanitary/housing conditions, and availability of potable water are associated with which of the following? a) pathogen b) host c) environment

c) environment

Which of the following describes the state of Legionnaire's disease in 1976? a) sporadic disease b) endemic disease c) epidemic disease d) pandemic

c) epidemic disease

What is epidemiology?

the study of disease - its frequency, distribution, and determinants

In which three ways are zoonoses acquired?

- direct contact - inhalation/ingestion of pathogen - injection of the pathogen by an arthropod

Is Typhoid Mary an example of a convalescent carrier or an active carrier, and why?

An active carrier because she continues to harbor and transmit after recovery

What is a passive carrier?

A reservoir carrier that has never had the disease

What is a contagious disease?

An infectious disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another

From whom do humans acquire zoonotic diseases?

Animals

What are four major bioterrorism agents?

Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium bontulinium, Variola major, and Yersinia pestis

In regard to Lyme Disease is the wild animal or the domesticated dog the vector?

Domesticated dog

True or false: a communicable disease is an infectious disease that cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

False

True or false: direct transmission of infectious disease is more common.

False

What are the two most common forms of living reservoir?

Human carriers and, more specifically, incubatory carriers

What are fomites?

Nonliving/inanimate reservoirs

What is the difference between period prevalence and point prevalence?

Period prevalance depicts the number of cases of a disease in a specific time period versus a particular moment in time which is described by point prevalence.

What is a vector?

The arthropod middle man in means of transmission of infectious disease

How does incidence relate to prevalence?

The number of new cases either increases or decreases the current prevalence.

What are the three factors that affect the degree of an infectious disease?

The pathogen, host, and environment

What is a reservoir of infection?

The source of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

What are the three methods of vertical transmission from mother to offspring?

Transplacental, infected birth canal, and breast milk

True or false: arachnids are a living reservoir.

True

Virulence, mode of entry, and number of organisms are associated with which of the following? a) pathogen b) host c) environment

a) pathogen

Which of the following describes tetanus? a) sporadic disease b) endemic disease c) epidemic disease d) pandemic

a) sporadic disease occurs occasionally

In regard to Lyme Disease is the wild animal or the domesticated dog the reservoir of infection?

Wild animal

What are the two major public health agencies?

World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Which of the following is not a direct form of transmission? a) Contaminated food and water b) skin-to-skin contact c) mucous membrane to mucous membrane contact

a) Contaminated food and water

Which of the following depicts the appropriate chain of infection? a) a mode of transmission, source of pathogen, pathogen, portal of entry, susceptible host, portal of exit b) a pathogen, a source of the pathogen, a portal of exit, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry, a susceptible host c) a susceptible host, a source of the pathogen, a pathogen, a portal of entry, mode of transmission, and a portal of exit

b) a pathogen, a source of the pathogen, a portal of exit, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry, a susceptible host

Which of the following describes gonorrhea? a) sporadic disease b) endemic disease c) epidemic disease d) pandemic

b) endemic disease always present

Health status, nutritional status, and number of organisms are associated with which of the following? a) pathogen b) host c) environment

b) host

Which of the following describes H1N1 in 2009 and 2010? a) sporadic disease b) endemic disease c) epidemic disease d) pandemic

d) pandemic