MICRO

The result of free trade between nations is that:

goods can be produced in the location where their opportunity cost is the lowest.

As an economy moves from point to point along its PPF, what is changing?

the allocation of resources within the economy

When economists want to describe how much an economy can produce with a given amount of resources, they use a model known as:

the production possibility frontier.

What is measured along the horizontal axis in a graph of the PPF?

the quantity of one good produced

Which of the following is a normative statement?

A camera makes a good wedding gift.

Which of the following statements is true?

All countries can gain from trade if they all specialize in production according to comparative advantage.

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Suppose you hear an economist make an assertion that, between the two countries, France has a comparative advantage in the production of chocolate and that Italy has a comparative advantage in the production of wine. Which of the following statements is another way of stating the same idea expressed in the assertion?

France can produce chocolate at a lower opportunity cost than Italy can.

Suppose that in Australia, it takes two hours of labor to harvest 10 bushels of apples and four hours of labor to harvest 10 bushels of tomatoes. Further, suppose that in Brazil it takes 4 hours of labor to harvest 10 bushels of apples and 5 hours of labor to produce 10 bushels of tomatoes. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Of these two countries, Brazil has a comparative advantage in producing tomatoes.

If an economist argues that all countries gain from trade, what reasoning is most likely underlying her argument?

Production according to the principle of comparative advantage lowers overall costs and therefore allows both countries to have a higher standard of living.

Suppose that a single person working in Mexico can produce either 20 yards of cloth or 80 baskets, and that a single person working in Turkey for the same length of time can produce either 15 yards of cloth or 30 baskets. Which of the following statements is then TRUE?

Turkey has a comparative advantage in cloth; Mexico has a comparative advantage in baskets.

What is traded in factor markets?

What is traded in factor markets? land, labor, capital, and human capital

8. Exchanges taking place in a market system: a. are voluntary. b. are inefficient. c. will benefit one party at the expense of another. d. are monitored by the government to ensure that scarce resources are being used wisely.

a. are voluntary.

13. An economy is __________ if it has exploited all opportunities to benefit someone without making anyone else worse off. a. efficient b. equitable c. wealthy d. failing

a. efficient

15. An equilibrium outcome is one in which: a. no one has as incentive to change his or her decisions or behavior. b. there is no scarcity. c. there is no opportunity cost. d. the distribution of wealth is fair.

a. no one has as incentive to change his or her decisions or behavior.

17. Market failure results when the: a. pursuit of individual self-interest leads to bad results for society as a whole. b. market fails to create an equal distribution of wealth. c. market fails to create an equal distribution of income. d. market fails to eliminate scarcity.

a. pursuit of individual self-interest leads to bad results for society as a whole.

3. Economists generally agree that people are most likely to change their behavior when they: a. are asked to do so voluntarily. b. are given incentives to do so. c. live in a world without scarcity. d. live in a world without opportunity costs.

b. are given incentives to do so.

9. The condition of scarcity means that: a. when the government produces something, there is no opportunity cost. b. choices must be made in the allocation of productive resources. c. you will not incur an opportunity cost if you make the right choice. d. only a command economy can make efficient use of resources.

b. choices must be made in the allocation of productive resources.

6. In his book The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith used the example of pin-making to illustrate the advantages of: a. equity. b. specialization. c. marginal analysis. d. interaction of choices.

b. specialization.

14. Economic theory asserts that people will behave in ways that: a. will be unfair to others. b. will enhance their own overall well-being. c. will not take advantage of opportunities for self-improvement. d. do not follow generally predictable patterns.

b. will enhance their own overall well-being.

What name is given to the form of exchange in which individuals trade goods and services directly, without money serving as a medium of exchange?

barter

16. Which one of the following statements is not true of a market economy? a. Productive resources are scarce. b. Every choice involves an opportunity cost. c. A central planning authority makes decisions about production and consumption. d. People will respond to incentives.

c. A central planning authority makes decisions about production and consumption.

10. The purpose of an economic system is to: a. eliminate scarcity. b. protect the environment. c. allocate scarce resources. d. create an equal distribution of wealth.

c. allocate scarce resources.

18. Adam Smith used the idea of the invisible hand to refer to the ability of market economies to: a. recover from recessions. b. solve the problem of market failure. c. harness the power of individual self-interest for the good of society as a whole. d. convince people that society is better off if its members sacrifice their own self-interest for the cause of the greater good.

c. harness the power of individual self-interest for the good of society as a whole.

11. The focal point of economic inquiry is: a. the stock market. b. the value of the dollar. c. individual choice. d. business ethics.

c. individual choice.

1. Economists would most likely disagree with which of the following statements? a. People respond to incentives. b. Making a choice involves an opportunity cost. c. Markets move towards equilibrium. d. Resources and inputs used in production are unlimited.

d. Resources and inputs used in production are unlimited.

12. An economic system is in __________ when no individual would be better off by making a different choice. a. chaos b. decline c. jeopardy d. equilibrium

d. equilibrium

2. Macroeconomics is the branch of economics studying: a. how prices are determined. b. why trade-offs exist. c. how decisions are made at the margin. d. fluctuations in the overall level of business activity.

d. fluctuations in the overall level of business activity.

19. After finishing high school, LeBron James decided to enter the NBA rather that going to college to begin his studies to become a doctor. This choice between the two careers can best be described by: a. equilibrium. b. scarcity. c. market failure. d. opportunity cost.

d. opportunity cost.

7. An opportunity cost arises: a. only when a monetary cost is incurred. b. only when a time cost is incurred. c. only when the wrong decision is made. d. whenever any choice is made.

d. whenever any choice is made.

What are the two sectors represented in a simple circular-flow diagram of the economy?

households and firms

If a country specializes according to its own comparative advantage and then trades with other nations:

it can consume at a higher level than the domestic production possibility frontier.

Those points lying beyond the PPF:

represent outcomes unattainable with the current level of technology and resources.

Economists typically depict the PPF as a bowed-out curve rather than as a straight line in order to show that:

the opportunity cost of producing a good rises as more is produced.

What is one thing that economists generally agree on?

trade enhances welfare

Why do economists use models?

to make forecasts

Picture a production possibility frontier. Point A lies inside (to the left) of the frontier. Points B and C are located along the frontier, and Point D is located outside (to the right) the frontier. Which of the following points represent feasible (attainable) production points?

Points A, B, and C are feasible.

Picture a production possibility frontier. Point A lies inside (to the left) of the frontier. Points B and C are located along the frontier, and Point D is located outside (to the right) the frontier. Which points represent efficient production points?

Points B and C are efficient.

20. If market failures exist, the market can become efficient when: a. the government intervenes to improve society's welfare. b. people just ignore the problem. c. the government eliminates all market transactions. d. all citizens immigrate to a country where the market failure does not exist.

a. the government intervenes to improve society's welfare.

5. Most individuals choose careers in which they specialize in producing only one type of good or service, yet as consumers they have access to a wide variety of goods and services. What principle allows for this? a. trade b. equity c. scarcity d. opportunity cost

a. trade

4. Economists would most likely agree with which one of the following statements? a. When transactions occur voluntarily, the seller gains and the buyer loses. b. Market economies generate economic growth, but they do not promote efficiency. c. People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off. d. If people make wise decisions, they can avoid incurring any opportunity cost.

c. People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off.