Micro ch. 20

___ are the primary means by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches to the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract.

Fimbriae

A student was bitten by a tick and fears that she may be at risk for contracting tularemia. She removed the tick a very short time after it had bitten her. Is she at risk for tularemia?

yes, because Francisella is one of the most infectious of all bacteria

A virulence factor common to many members of the Enterobacteriaceae which permits them to deliver harmful proteins directly to cells is

Type III secretion system

Which of the following is the best way to avoid infection by Neisseria meningitidis?

avoidance of crowded living conditions

Which of the following is the final event in only some Salmonella infections?

bacteremia

Which condition is associated with bacterial infection of the bladder?

cystitis

What is the primary source of infection for UTIs?

fecal contamination

Which demographic is most likely to develop a urinary tract infection?

females

Lipid A causes which of the following symptoms?

fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Some strains of E. coli have __________ allowing them to bind and then enter into epithelial cells of the urethra.

fimbriae

Virulence factors associated with this organism include all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

flagella

Which of the following is a characteristic of all enterics?

glucose fermentation

What disease does this patient have? What is the common name for this disease?

gonorrhea; " the clap"

The major sign of pertussis occurs during which of the following phases of the disease?

paroxysmal phase

Undiagnosed or untreated infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in can progress to

pelvic inflammatory disease

Gonorrhea is often asymptomatic in women because __________.

the cervix is usually the site of infection

Which of the following statements about Neisseria gonorrhoeae is FALSE?

the gonococci induce lasting immunity

Which of the following is diagnostic for Neisseria meningitidis?

the presence of Gram-negative diplococci in CSF phagocytes

Which of the following would be an important result in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

the presence of capsules

The major damage caused by Neisseria meningitidis is a result of

the release of lipid A into the tissues, triggering severe inflammation and DIC.

Among the areas of the female genital tract, which of the following is NOT colonized by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

the vagina

After a week of asymptomatic infection with Bordetella pertussis, the patient has cold-like (catarrhal) symptoms for a week or two followed by a period of severe paroxysmal episodes of coughing that leave the patient anoxic and fatigued.

true

Humans are the sole hosts of Salmonella enterica subtype Typhi (formerly S. typhi).

true

Neisseria meningitidis is able to survive inside macrophages and be transported throughout the body in them.

true

Shiga toxin kills cells by preventing protein synthesis.

true

Which of the following measures would be most effective in preventing a UTI?

wiping front to back after defication

Who do you think would be more likely NOT to recognize the symptoms of gonorrhea: a man or a woman? Why?

Because of her particular anatomy, the normal discharge associated with the female reproductive tract, plus the fact that more women are asymptomatic for gonorrhea, a woman would be less likely to recognize the symptoms as being gonorrhea and seek treatment.

Why did his sexual partners believe they were not infected with a STD?

Clinical signs/symptoms in females are often not detectable, especially early in the infection.

A sample from a public water supply contains Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas production. Which of the following microbes would be the most likely candidate for this contaminant?

Escherichia coli

Which of the following coliforms is the most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections?

Escherichia coli

Infection with ________ usually produces acute upper respiratory disease but may cause meningitis in infants 3-18 months old.

Haemophilus influenzae

Which of the following is the result of inhalation of aerosols of fresh water containing a bacterial parasite of protozoa?

Legionnaires' disease

What virulence factor(s) do all Gram-negative bacteria share?

Lipid A

A Gram-negative bacillus that exhibits strong urease activity is isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following is a plausible identification for this microbe?

Proteus mirabilis

A cystic fibrosis patient develops a severe respiratory infection that resists treatment with standard antibiotics. A specimen from the lungs is greenish in color and contains aerobic motile Gram-negative bacilli. The patient is probably infected with

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A man comes to the clinic with an oozing wound he got while preparing dinner. The doctors at the clinic suspect infection with E. coli and treat him with an antibiotic. The man goes home and his symptoms improve, so he discontinues the antibiotic. Within a few days he becomes gravely ill with shocklike symptoms such as fever, hypotension, high heart rate and fatigue/mental confusion. Why did the man become so sick after taking the antibiotic that was supposed to make him better?

The antibiotic given to the man and the man's own immune response caused the lysis of the E. coli cells and release of endotoxin (LPS). This caused his secondary symptoms of endotoxic shock.

Of the pathogenic forms of Escherichia coli, the strain O157:H7 is the primary cause of hemorrhagic colitis, or bloody diarrhea, and can progress to the often fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). What is the main reason for the severity of illness from this strain of E. coli?

The main reason for the severity of illness comes from the ability of this particular strain of E. coli to produce Shiga-like toxin, which causes an intense inflammatory response in the gut

Which of the following statements regarding Neisseria meningitidis is FALSE?

There are vaccines available to prevent infection with all strains.

Even though Escherichia coli can cause, on occasion, severe human disease, there is no vaccine developed for it. Why do you think this is?

There is no vaccine developed for Escherichia coli because it is an advantageous part of our normal intestinal flora.

How was this disease transmitted?

This is most commonly transmitted by unprotected sex.

Over 90% of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by Escherichia coli strains. UTIs are 14 times more common in women than in men. Why do you think this is?

UTIs caused by E. coli are 14 times more common in women than in men because women have a shorter urethra than men and the proximity of the urethra to the anus is much closer in women.

Resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide range of antibacterial agents is partly due to its

ability to metabolize many drugs.

All of the following make the treatment of gonorrhea more complicated than it was in the past EXCEPT __________.

an increase in cellular virulence factors

Which of the following are virulence factors contributing the pathogenicity of Neisseria species?

both a capsule and fimbriae

Based on the recommendations in this textbook, which antibiotic would be the treatment of choice for this disease?

cephalosporin

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

coliform Enterobacteriaceae; opportunistic pathogens

Enterobacteriaceae are rarely pathogenic.

false

Gonococcal infections result in lifelong immunity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

false

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a true pathogen with a long list of virulence factors.

false

Serratia marcescens can be identified by its distinctive blue-green pigment pyocyanin.

false

Which of the following is NOT an expected transmission pattern of Yersinia pestis?

humans - fleas - humans

How is pneumonic plague transmitted?

inhalation of respiratory aerosols from a person infected with Yersinia pestis

Bordetella pertussis causes disease by

interfering with the action of the ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea.

What might a clinician expect to observe in the urinalysis of a patient with a UTI?

leukocytes

Salmonella and Shigella, both causes of diarrhea, can be distinguished by which of the following tests?

motility