Micro Ch 9 Study Q's part 3: Gene Expression

34. _______ form new chemical bonds as a protein folds into its final threedimensional shape. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

B. Folding catalysts

23. Which is not true about the genetic code? A. It is triplet B. It is different for humans and bacteria C. It is degenerate D. It is universal E. It has start and stop codons

B. It is different for humans and bacteria

32. Which of the following observations about the genetic code most supports the hypothesis that life evolved from a common ancestor? A. It is a triplet code B. It is universal C. It is degenerate D. Some cells translate the stop codon as a 21st amino acid

B. It is universal

17. _______ consist of proteins and RNAs that associate to synthesize proteins. A. Nucleosomes B. Ribosomes C. Acrosomes D. Nuclei E. Histones

B. Ribosomes

12. In transcription, one DNA strand is transcribed into a(n) _______ RNA strand, which is translated into protein. A. Ribosomal B. TRNA C. Messenger D. Anticodon E. Thymine rich

C. Messenger

26. _______ bonds form between amino acids during elongation. A. Phosphodiester B. Disulfide C. Peptide D. Hydrogen E. Glycine

C. Peptide

7. The enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from a DNA template is: A. DNA polymerase B. RNase C. RNA polymerase D. Reverse transcriptase E. Ligase

C. RNA polymerase

2. Transcription is the process in which: A. Protein is synthesized from DNA B. DNA is replicated C. RNA is synthesized from protein D. RNA is synthesized from DNA E. Protein is synthesized from amino acids

D. RNA is synthesized from DNA

13. A(n) _______ molecule carries amino acids to the ribosomes where they are joined to form a polypeptide. A. MtDNA B. RRNA C. MRNA D. TRNA E. SiRNA

D. TRNA

21. B is an intron between two exons A and C. Which representation best describes how this region of mRNA will appear after it is transcribed and processed by a spliceosome? A. A-C B. A-B C. B-C D. A-B-C E. B only

A. A-C

10. Transcription and replication are alike in that both: A. Are guided by complementary base pairing B. Are regulated by homeobox genes C. Require DNA polymerase D. Require a promoter and RNA polymerase E. Are created from an ordered sequence of amino acids

A. Are guided by complementary base pairing

1. Which of the following best illustrates the central dogma of biology? A. DNA → RNA → protein B. RNA → DNA → protein C. Protein → DNA→ protein D. Protein → RNA → DNA

A. DNA → RNA → protein

27. The linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide is the _______ structure of a protein. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary E. Chaperone

A. Primary

30. Many transcription factors have common regions termed motifs. A. True B. False

A. True

24. Which mRNA codon halts ribosomes? A. UAG B. AUG C. UUU D. ATG E. Methionine (Met)

A. UAG

14. To express a gene, DNA is first transcribed into a corresponding strand of: A. MtDNA B. RRNA C. MRNA D. TRNA E. SiRNA

C. MRNA

20. After transcription and before translation, eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding: A. TRNAs and amino acids B. Amino acids and a poly-A tail C. A cap of modified nucleotides and a poly-A tail D. Ribosomes and tRNAs E. Mutations

C. A cap of modified nucleotides and a poly-A tail

15. In the model described in the text, ribosomes begin translation of an mRNA transcript at the first: A. Methionine B. Anticodon C. AUG D. Promoter E. SiRNA

C. AUG

3. Which of these is not found in RNA? A. Nitrogen B. Phosphate C. Deoxyribose D. Purines E. Ribose

C. Deoxyribose

25. The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiation complex during _______ of translation. A. Association B. Initiation C. Elongation D. Termination E. Transfer

C. Elongation

33. _______ recognize misfolded proteins and activate the unfolded protein response. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

C. Folding sensors

5. The scientists who identified a set of coordinately regulated genes, called an operon, responsible for lactose metabolism in E. Coli were: A. Watson and Crick B. Meselson and Stahl C. Jacob and Monod D. Hershey and Chase E. Linus and Pauling

C. Jacob and Monod

29. _______ was first documented among people in the remote mountains of New Guinea. A. Alzheimer's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Kuru D. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease E. Scrapie

C. Kuru

22. What is a ribozyme? A. An RNA-protein complex that cleaves DNA B. An enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of ribosomes C. Small RNAs that can catalyze specific chemical reactions D. Stretches of uracils in RNA that direct splicing

C. Small RNAs that can catalyze specific chemical reactions

8. How do transcription factors function in the expression of genes? A. They initiate transcription B. They associate to initiate translation C. They turn transcription of specific genes on or off D. They halt RNA polymerase at the end of transcription E. They bring amino acids into the ribosome

C. They turn transcription of specific genes on or off

11. The DNA template ATGCGTTA is transcribed into an RNA strand with the sequence: A. TACGCAAT B. UAACGCAU C. UACGCAAU D. AUGCGAAU E. AUGCGUUA

C. UACGCAAU

4. A retrovirus contains an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that copies its RNA genome into DNA. This is opposite the central dogma because: A. A virus is not an organism B. A virus lacks genetic material C. A retrovirus lacks DNA D. Of the retrograde flow of genetic information E. Of the viral mutation rate

D. Of the retrograde flow of genetic information

36. _______ are tunnel-like structures that degrade misfolded proteins into amino acids. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

D. Proteosomes

19. There are _______ different kinds of RNA codons in the genetic code described in the text. A. 3 B. 4 C. 16 D. 64 E. 46

D. 64

9. In transcription, the promoter is: A. An enzyme that binds DNA B. A series of proteins that collectively bind to DNA C. A recognition sequence in RNA that attracts ribosomes D. A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds E. A mutation

D. A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds

40. All of the following are correct except: A. Pre-mRNA contains introns and exons B. Introns may act as ribozymes in the spliceosome C. Introns associate with protein to form snRNPS D. Chaperones fold pre-mRNA to form a spliceosome structure E. Spliceosomes remove introns to create a mature mRNA

D. Chaperones fold pre-mRNA to form a spliceosome structure

6. In a bacterial cell, the three genes of the lactose operon are: A. Continuously expressed B. Expressed when lactose is absent C. Expressed when lactose synthesis is required D. Expressed only in the presence of lactose E. Never expressed, they are psuedogenes

D. Expressed only in the presence of lactose

16. Ribosomal RNAs: A. Are translated from DNA B. Are synthesized by ribosomes C. Connect codons to amino acids D. Join with proteins to form ribosomes E. Are made from amino acid subunits

D. Join with proteins to form ribosomes

18. A codon consists of 3 consecutive: A. DNA bases B. Amino acids C. TRNA bases D. MRNA bases E. Proteins

D. MRNA bases

28. Spongiform encephalopathies, such as mad cow disease, are caused by: A. A degenerate genetic code B. Triplet repeats in genes C. Lack of intron splicing D. Misfolded proteins E. Lack of amino acids in the diet

D. Misfolded proteins

37. Misfolded protein aggregates clog proteosomes and kill cells in which of the following disorders? A. Huntington's disease B. Lewy-body dementia C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Parkinson's disease E. All of these

E. All of these

39. If the percentage of guanine in an mRNA is 25%, what is the percentage of cytosine? A. 20% B. 30% C. 60% D. 40% E. Cannot be determined

E. Cannot be determined

38. Some researchers point to polymorphisms resistant to _______ as evidence that cannibalism was common among prehistoric humans. A. Huntington's disease B. Lewy-body demetia C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Parkinson's disease E. Prion disease

E. Prion disease

35. _______ tag misfolded proteins for refolding or degredation into amino acids. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Folding sensors D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

E. Ubiquitin molecules