Micro Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Of the following, who is most likely to develop a chronic infection with hepatitis B virus? A) newborns B) young adults C) children between the ages of 2 and 12 D) the elderly E) females at puberty

A

The DNA virus known as "serum hepatitis" is A) HBV B) HDV C) HCV D) HEV E) HAV

A

The viruses responsible fo the majority of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world are the A) rotaviruses B) hepaciviruses C) astroviruses D) noroviruses E) caliciviruses

A

Where in a tapeworm would you expect to find fertilized eggs? A) at the end of the strobila B) the neck region of the strobila C) in all proglottids D) inside the scolex E) outside the cuticle

A

Which of the following is a common childhood parasite in the United States? A) Enterobius vermicularis B) Giardia intestinalis C) Cryptosporidium parvum D) Taenia solium E) Entamoeba histolytica

A

Which of the following is a fungus which commonly lives in the large intestine? A) Candida B) Lactobacillus C) Campylobacter D) Escherichia E) Bacteroides

A

Which of the following causes "beaver fever?" A) Enterobius vermicularis B) Campylobacter jejuni C) Giardia intestinalis D) Entamoeba histolytica E) Taenia saginata

C

Which of the following hepatitis viruses usually produces subclinical infections? A) HDV B) HBV C) HCV D) HEV E) HAV

C

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of coliforms? A) They are found in the intestinal tracts of human and animals B) They are Gram-positive bacilli C) They ferment lactose D) They are never pathogenic E) They are strictly anaerobic

C

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to Entamoeba histolytica? A) it reproduces by schizogony B) it is an intracellular parasite C) it causes pseudopodia to attach to the intestinal lining D) it causes a form of hepatitis E) an effective vaccine against infection is available

C

The major symptoms of cholera are attributable to which of the following? A) production of urease B) activation of adenylate cyclase C) death of cells lining the intestinal tract D) activity of a type III secretion system E) cessation of protein synthesis in host cells

B

The most important virulent factor of Vibrio cholerae is A) its activation of certain genes within the human body B) its ability to produce a potent exotoxin C) its ability to survive in freshwater D) the presence of polar flagella E) its ability to form biofilms in saltwater

B

Urease is an important virulence factor of which of the following? A) Shigella dysenteriae B) Vibrio cholerae C) Helicobacter pylori D) Porphyromonas gingivalis E) Escherichia coli O157:H7

C

Escherichia. coli O157:H7 is primarily associated with which of the following foods? A) eggs B) fomites C) ground beef D) dairy products E) pork

C

Streptococcus mutans is associated with A) food poisoning B) typhoid fever C) dental caries D) periodontitis E) severe diarrhea

C

The intracellular parasite usually acquired in contaminated drinking water which causes a persistent watery diarrhea is A) Vibrio cholerae B) Entamoeba histolytica C) Cryptosporidium parvum D) hepatitis A virus E) norovirus

C

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Cryptosporidium parvum B) Salmonella enterica C) Escherichia coli D) Giardia intestinalis E) Shigella flexneri

C

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to oral herpes? A) Primary infections are usually characterized by severe lesions. B) Lesions become more severe with each recurrence. C) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes. D) Ninety percent of all cases are caused by human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) E) There is an effective cure for oral herpes

C

A vaccine is available against which of the following? A) hepatitis A B) hepatitis B C) hepatitis C D) both hepatisis A and hepatitis B E) hepatitisi A, B, and C

D

Peptic ulcers are erosions of the lining of the small or large intestines.

F

Vomiting is a common sign of viral gastroenteritis.

F

Accessory organ infections are caused by A) norovirus B) mumps virus C) human herpesvirus 1 D) rotavirus E) enterovirus

B

Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection is made by the observation of which of the following in the patient's body fluids? A) endospores B) Dane particles C) oocysts D) enterotoxins E) O antigens

B

Peritonitis may develop in severe cases of A) peptic ulcer disease B) typhoid C) pinworm infestation D) giardiasis E) hepatitis

B

Tapeworms are usually transmitted to humans through ingestion of A) tapeworm eggs B) cysticerci C) gravid proglottids D) mature tapeworms E) tapeworm larvae

B

Which of the following conditions usually results in severe acute liver damage? A) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses B) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses C) superinfection with hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses D) superinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses E) co-infection with hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses

B

A large number of people in a community experience diarrhea with fever. Public health authorities investigate and find that the people are passing dark urine, and some have yellowish skin. Furthermore, all of the affected individuals recently ate at a new restaurant in town known for its wide variety of fresh imported vegetables. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent? A) Salmonella enterica B) norovirus C) hepatitis A virus D) Escherichia coli O157:H7 E) hepatitis E virus

C

A young woman being treated for serious burns develops severe diarrhea accompanied by intense abdominal pain. She passes several watery, foul-smelling, bloody stools a day. A colonoscopy reveals patches of yellowish lesions in the large intestine. The probably causative agent is A) Giardia intestinalis B) Vibrio cgikerae C) Clostridium difficile D) Campylobacter E) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi

C

A man reports to his doctor that he is tired all the time and his urine has become darker in color. He has not experienced fever or vomiting recently. The physician notes that his eyes are yellowing and his abdomen is swollen. The man has a history of kidney transplant and recently returned from an overseas trip. The man may be infected with A) Shigella B) norovirus C) hepatitis C virus D) hepatitis E virus E) Entamoeba histolytica

D

The common source of contamination in the majority of cases of staphylococcal food poisoning (intoxication) is A) fecal contamination B) contaminated water C) dairy products D) the skin of food preparers E) eggs

D

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea that sends people to doctors in the United States is A) Escherichia B) Salmonella C) Staphylococcus D) Campylobacter E) Vibrio

D

Where in the digestive tract does the absorption of water take place? A) the rectum B) the esophagus C) the small intestine D) the large intestine E) the stomach

D

Which of the following is a notable symptom of giardiasis? A) "rice-water" stools B) irritability and sleep disturbance C) cold sores D) foul-smelling "rotten egg" stools E) jaundice

D

Which of the following is now known to be the cause of most peptic ulcers? A) Shigella dysenteriae B) Salmonella enterica C) Escherichia coli O157:H7 D) Helicobacter pylori E) Vibrio cholerae

D

Which of the following is the major sign or symptom of mumps? A) deafness B) nausea and vomiting C) difficulty in breathing D) parotitis E) darrhea

D

Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit

F

Differentiation between Taenia saginata and Taenia solium is carried out via examination of the A) larvae B) proglottids C) cysticerci D) eggs E) scolex

E

Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with A) food poisoning B) hepatitis C) typhoid fever D) gastroenteritis E) perodontitis

E

Shigellosis can be differentiated from salmonellosis by the fact that Shigella A) kills host cells B) causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever C) stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to phagocytize it D) multiplies in phagocytic vesicles E) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol

E

What is the primary symptom of Enterobius infections? A) bloody diarrhea B) vomiting and nausea C) liver enlargement D) intestinal blockage E) perianal itching

E

What member of the human intestinal microbiota occasionally causes life-threatening disease? A) Lactobacilus B) Escherichia coli O157:H7 C) Salmonella enterica D) Giardia intestinalis E) Clostridium difficile

E

Which of the following is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract? A) the gallbladder B) the salivary glands C) the pancreas D) the liver E) the esophagus

E

Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella enterica causes most cases of human salmonellosis in the United States? A) Paratyphi B) Enteritidis C) Typhimurium D) Typhi E) both Enteritidis and Typhimurium

E

Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit.

F

All tapeworms are intestinal parasites that completely lack digestive systems.

T

Complete recovery from hepatitis A infection occurs 99% of the time.

T

Contamination of meat with tapeworm cysts can be detected by visual inspection.

T

Dysentery is a severe type of gastroenteritis in which stools contain mucus and blood.

T

Salmonella is part of the normal microbiota of virtually all vertebrates except humans.

T

Supportive care is the only treatment for staphylococcal food poisoning.

T