Micro- Exam 1

In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from A. CO. B. C6H1O6. C. H2O. D. Sunlight. E. Chlorophyll.

A. CO.

Which of the following is NOT a chemical component of a bacterial cell wall? A. Cellulose B. Peptidoglycan C. N-acetylmuramic acid D. Teichoic acids E. Peptide chains

A. Cellulose

Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? A. Chemoheterotroph B. Chemoautotroph C. Photoheterotroph D. Photoautotroph

A. Chemoheterotroph

Simple staining is often necessary to improve contrast in this microscope. A. Compound light microscope B. Electron microscope C. Fluorescence microscope D. Phase-contrast microscope E. Darkfield microscope

A. Compound light microscope

Which microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution? A. Electron microscope B. Darkfield microscope C. Phase-contrast microscope D. Fluorescence microscope E. Compound light microscope

A. Electron microscope

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system? A. Eukarya B. Animalia C. Bacteria D. Archaea

B. Animalia

Fimbriae and pili differ in that pili A. Are composed of pilin. B. Are used for motility. C. Are used to transfer DNA. D. Are used for attachment. E. Are composed of flagellin.

B. Are used for motility.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Lysosome - digestive enzymes B. Centrosome - food storage C. Golgi complex - secretion D. Mitochondria - ATP production E. Endoplasmic reticulum - internal transport

B. Centrosome - food storage

Cells are differentiated after which step in the Gram stain? A. Crystal violet B. Safranin C. Iodine D. Alcohol-acetone

D. Alcohol-acetone

A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy A. By glycolysis only. B. By fermentation or aerobic respiration. C. Only in the absence of oxygen. D. By aerobic respiration only. E. Only in the presence of oxygen.

A. By glycolysis only.

The counterstain in the acid-fast stain is A. A basic dye. B. Necessary to determine acid-fast cells. C. A negative stain. D. A mordant. E. An acid dye.

A. A basic dye.

Which of the following findings was essential for Jenner's vaccination process? A. A weakened microorganism may produce immunity. B. Vaccination provides immunity. C. Disease is caused by viruses. D. Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again. E. A weakened microorganism will not cause disease.

A. A weakened microorganism may produce immunity.

Which of the following is NOT an example of biotechnology? A. Bacterial degradation of a dead animal B. Bacterial production of French bread C. Bacterial production of vinegar D. Bacterial production of yogurt E. Bacterial production of human insulin

A. Bacterial degradation of a dead animal

Which of the following statements is true? A. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes. B. A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing. C. Endospores are for reproduction. D. Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain. E. A cell can produce many endospores.

A. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Gram-negative bacteria - negative stain B. Acid-alcohol - decolorizer C. Iodine - mordant D. Crystal violet - simple stain E. Alcohol-acetone - decolorizer

A. Gram-negative bacteria - negative stain

A multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives in an animal host is a(n) A. Helminth. B. Virus. C. Bacterium. D. Fungus. E. Alga.

A. Helminth.

Who observed cells in plant material? A. Hooke B. van Leeuwenhoek C. Pasteur D. Koch E. Lister

A. Hooke

Figure 5.3 How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3? A. It would bind to b. B. It would bind to c. C. It would bind to a. D. It would bind to d. E. Can't tell.

A. It would bind to b.

Figure 4.2 Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? A. Lophotrichous flagella B. Amphitrichous flagella C. Monotrichous flagella D. Axial filament E. Peritrichous flagella

A. Lophotrichous flagella

Regarding the experiments that "proved" spontaneous generation, which of the following statements is probably true? A. Microorganisms were already present. B. Air was lacking. C. The food source could not support life. D. Excess carbon dioxide was present. D. Too much heat was applied.

A. Microorganisms were already present.

Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? A. NADH B. Citric acid C. ketoglutaric acid D. ADP E. NAD

A. NADH

Figure 5.8 In Figure 5.8, the path labeled (2) is the flow of A. Protons. B. Water. C. Glucose. D. Energy. E. Electrons.

A. Protons.

The appearance of gram-positive bacteria after addition of the first dye in the Gram stain. A. Purple B. Colorless C. Brown D. Red

A. Purple

Fatty acids are catabolized in A. The Krebs cycle. B. The pentose phosphate pathway. C. The Entner Doudoroff pathway. D. The electron transport chain. E. Glycolysis.

A. The Krebs cycle.

Which of the following is the best definition of biotechnology? A. The use of living organisms to make desired products B. The use of microorganisms in sewage treatment C. You Answered The development of recombinant DNA technology D. The curing of diseases E. Bacterial production of foods

A. The use of living organisms to make desired products

An agent that reproduces in cells but is NOT composed of cells and contains RNA as its genetic material is a(n) A. Virus. B. Fungus. C. Helminth. D. Alga. E. Bacterium.

A. Virus.

Which of the following groups include members that lack DNA? A. Viruses B. Helminths C. Bacteria D. Protozoa E. Fungi

A. Viruses

Which of the following is NOT equal to 1 m? 10. dm B. 100 mm C. 10 nm D. 0.001 km E. 10m

B. 100 mm

Place the following steps in the correct sequence:1-Staining; 2-Making a smear; 3-Fixing. A. 1-2-3 B. 2-3-1 C. The order doesn't matter D. 1-3-2 E. 3-2-1

B. 2-3-1

Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order:1-Alcohol-acetone; 2-Crystal violet; 3-Safranin; 4-Iodine. A. 2-1-4-3 B. 2-4-1-3 C. 1-3-2-4 D. 1-2-3-4 E. 4-3-2-1

B. 2-4-1-3

A nucleated, green cell that moves by means of flagella is a(n) A. Bacterium. B. Alga. C. Virus. D. Fungus. E. Helminth.

B. Alga.

Regarding Pasteur's experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is true? A. There was air involved. B. All of these. C. All microorganisms were killed before beginning. D. Any possibility of contamination was removed. E. There was a food source involved.

B. All of these.

Which of the following statements about fungi is true? A. All are prokaryotic. B. All require organic material for growth. C. All grow using sunlight and carbon dioxide. D. All are multicellular. E. All are plants.

B. All require organic material for growth.

Which of the following statements about biofilms is false? A. Biofilms on medical implants cause infections. B. Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics. C. Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes. D. Biofilms on rocks provide food for animals. E. Biofilms in pipes block the flow of water.

B. Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.

Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to A. Increase. B. Decrease. C. Stay the same.

B. Decrease.

You are observing a cell through a microscope and note that it has no apparent nucleus. You conclude that it most likely A. Moves by pseudopods. B. Has a peptidoglycan cell wall. C. Has a cellulose cell wall. D. Is part of a multicellular animal. E. Is a plant cell.

B. Has a peptidoglycan cell wall.

Figure 5.8 A urease test is used to identify Myobacterium tuberculosis because A. Urease is a sign of tuberculosis. B. M. tuberculosis produces urease. C. Urea accumulates during tuberculosis. D. M. bovis can cause tuberculosis. E. Some bacteria reduce nitrate ion.

B. M. tuberculosis produces urease.

Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondrion C. Cell wall D. Vacuole E. Golgi complex

B. Mitochondrion

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Penicillin - antibiotic B. Normal microbiota - harmful C. Vaccine - a preparation of microorganisms D. Chemotherapy - treatment of disease E. Pathogen - disease causing

B. Normal microbiota - harmful

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others? A. Peptidoglycan B. Nucleus C. Chitin D. Cellulose

B. Nucleus

Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation? A. The temperature is too high. B. O2 is in the medium. C. Not enough protein is provided. D. The temperature is too low. E. The maltose is toxic.

B. O2 is in the medium.

Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ Fe3+. This reaction is an example of A. The Calvin-Benson cycle. B. Oxidation. C. Fermentation. D. Reduction. E. Photophosphorylation.

B. Oxidation.

Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration? A. Flavoproteins B. Oxygen C. Cytochromes D. Quinones E. A source of electrons

B. Oxygen

Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? A. Koch B. Pasteur C. Virchow D. Hooke E. van Leeuwenhoek

B. Pasteur

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Koch - aseptic surgery B. Pasteur - proof of biogenesis C. Jenner - vaccination D. Ehrlich - chemotherapy

B. Pasteur - proof of biogenesis

Figure 5.8 In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled (1) is A. NAD B. Plasma membrane. C. Cytoplasm. D. ATP synthase. E. Cell wall.

B. Plasma membrane.

The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after addition of the mordant in the Gram stain. A. Colorless B. Purple C. Brown D. Red

B. Purple

The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after completing the Gram stain. A. Brown B. Red C. Colorless D. Purple

B. Red

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Sulfur granules - energy reserve B. Ribosomes - protein storage C. Lipid inclusions - energy reserve D. Gas vacuoles - flotation E. Metachromatic granules - phosphate storage

B. Ribosomes - protein storage

What structure does light pass through after leaving the condenser in a compound light microscope? A. Illuminator B. Specimen C. Ocular lens D. Objective lens

B. Specimen

Which of the following is a scientific name? A. Flesh-eating bacteria B. Streptococcus pyogenes C. Group A streptococcus D. Streptococci E. IGAS

B. Streptococcus pyogenes

What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in 10% NaCl with penicillin? A. No change will result; the solution is isotonic. B. The cell will plasmolyze. C. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. D. Water will enter the cell. E. Penicillin will diffuse into the cell.

B. The cell will plasmolyze.

Which of the following statements about viruses is false? A. They cannot metabolize nutrients. B. They are parasites. C. They lack cells. D. They have both DNA and RNA. E. They cannot reproduce themselves.

B. They are parasites.

Classification of organisms in the three domains is based on A. Nutritional type. B. Type of cell. C. Nucleus. D. Number of cells. E. Cell wall.

B. Type of cell.

A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely A. Fermenting the glucose. B. Using the peptides. C. Oxidizing the glucose. D. Not growing.

B. Using the peptides.

Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope? A. Hooke B. van Leeuwenhoek C. Koch D. Weizmann E. Pasteur

B. van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following is NOT correct? A. 1nm = 10m B. 1m = 10mm C. 1 nm = 10m D. 1m = 10nm E. 1m = 10m

C. 1nm = 10m

Which statements are true?1-Electron carriers are located at ribosomes.2-ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways.3-ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules.4-Anaerobic organisms are capable of respiration.5-ATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane. A. All B. 2, 3, 5 C. 2, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 3 E. 1, 3, 4

C. 2, 4, 5

The counterstain in the Gram stain is A. A mordant. B. Necessary to determine the Gram reaction. C. A basic dye. D. A negative stain. E. An acid dye.

C. A basic dye.

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration? A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Active transport D. Aquaporins E. Extracellular enzymes

C. Active transport

Which of the following statements is false? A. All protozoa are unicellular. B. All fungi have nuclear membranes. C. All fungi are multicellular. D. All viruses are parasites. E. All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.

C. All fungi are multicellular.

Bacteria differ from viruses in that bacteria A. Have DNA and RNA. B. Can live without a host. C. All of these. D. Are composed of cells.

C. All of these.

Which of the following organisms lack cell walls? A. Plantae B. Bacteria C. Animalia D. Fungi

C. Animalia

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? A. Around organelles B. Flagella C. Around organelles and Plasma membrane D. Plasma membrane E. Ribosomes

C. Around organelles and Plasma membrane

Which of the following is NOT part of the active transport process? A. Transporter proteins B. Plasma membrane C. Cell wall D. ATP E. None of these

C. Cell wall

Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? A. Chemoheterotroph B. Photoheterotroph C. Chemoautotroph D. Photoautotroph

C. Chemoautotroph

Which of the following pairs is NOT a functionally analogous pair? A. Chloroplasts - thylakoids B. 9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella C. Cilia - pili D. Nucleus - nuclear region E. Mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane

C. Cilia - pili

Figure 3.1 In Figure 3.1, line "c." points to the microscope's A. Ocular lens. B. Illuminator. C. Condenser. D. Objective lens.

C. Condenser.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Scanning tunneling microscope - allows visualization of atoms B. Darkfield microscope - uses visible light C. Fluorescence microscope - uses a fluorescent light D. Scanning electron microscope - produces a three-dimensional image E. Confocal microscope - produces a three-dimensional image

C. Fluorescence microscope - uses a fluorescent light

Which of the following have a cell wall? A. Protoplasts B. Mycoplasmas C. Fungi D. Animal cells

C. Fungi

Which of the following is NOT a possible function of magnetosomes? A. Protect cells from hydrogen peroxide accumulation B. Locate suitable environments C. Get cells to the North Pole D. Store iron

C. Get cells to the North Pole

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell A. Has 9 pairs + 2 flagella. B. Lives in an extreme environment. C. Has a cell wall. D. Has a mitochondrion. E. Has a nucleus.

C. Has a cell wall.

Which of the following statements about a gram-positive cell wall is false? A. It is sensitive to lysozyme. B. It maintains the shape of the cell. C. It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment. D. It contains teichoic acids. E. It is sensitive to penicillin.

C. It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.

Who proved that microorganisms cause disease? A. Pasteur B. Fleming C. Koch D. Semmelweis E. van Leeuwenhoek

C. Koch

The purpose of the ocular lens is to A. Increase the light. B. Decrease the light. C. Magnify the image from the objective lens. D. Decrease the refractive index. E. Improve resolution.

C. Magnify the image from the objective lens.

Which of the following is a scientific name? A. Hansen's bacillus B. Acid-fast bacteria C. Mycobacterium leprae D. Leprosy bacterium

C. Mycobacterium leprae

Figure 3.1 In Figure 3.1, line "b." points to the microscope's A. Illuminator. B. Condenser. C. Objective lens. D. Ocular lens.

C. Objective lens.

Figure 3.1 In Figure 3.1, line "a." points to the microscope's A. Condenser. B. Illuminator. C. Ocular lens. D. Objective lens.

C. Ocular lens.

Cyanobacteria are a type of A. Photoheterotroph. B. Chemoautotroph. C. Photoautotroph. D. Chemoheterotroph.

C. Photoautotroph.

Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon? A. Chemoheterotroph B. Photoautotroph C. Photoheterotroph D. Chemoautotroph

C. Photoheterotroph

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? A. Around organelles B. Ribosomes C. Plasma membrane D. Around organelles and Plasma membrane D. Flagella

C. Plasma membrane

The appearance of gram-positive bacteria after adding the counterstain in the Gram stain. A. Colorless B. Brown C. Purple E. Red

C. Purple

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion A. Can move materials from a lower to a higher concentration. B. Can move materials from a higher to a lower concentration. C. Requires transporter proteins. D. Doesn't require ATP. E. Requires ATP.

C. Requires transporter proteins.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Iodine - mordant B. Crystal violet - basic dye C. Safranin - acid dye D. Carbolfuchsin - basic dye E. Alcohol-acetone - decolorizer

C. Safranin - acid dye

Van Leeuwenhoek's microscope magnified up to 300x. This was a(n) A. Confocal microscope. B. Compound microscope. C. Simple microscope. D. Electron microscope. E. Phase-contrast microscope.

C. Simple microscope.

In the name Escherichia coli, coli is the A. Domain. B. Discoverer. C. Specific epithet. D. Genus. E. Kingdom.

C. Specific epithet.

Which of the following statements about insect control by microorganisms is true? A. The microorganisms are permanent in the environment. B. You Answered The insects develop resistance to the microorganisms. C. The microorganisms are specific for the insect pest. D. This technique is just as dangerous as the use of chemical pesticides. E. The microorganisms may cause disease in other animals.

C. The microorganisms are specific for the insect pest.

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? A. The complete catabolism of glucose to CO B. The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid C. The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors D. The production of ethanol from glucose E. The production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation

C. The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is false? A. They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. B. They are toxic to humans. C. They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. C. They are sensitive to penicillin. D. Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

C. They are sensitive to penicillin.

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is generally false? A. They are motile by means of flagella. B. They have a semirigid cell wall. C. They possess 80S ribosomes. D. They reproduce by binary fission. E. They lack membrane-bound nuclei.

C. They possess 80S ribosomes.

The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is A. To make the bacterial cells larger. B. To remove the simple stain. C. To prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells. D. To make gram-negative cells visible. E. To make the flagella visible.

C. To prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Protozoa have rigid cell walls. B. Bacteria cannot move. C. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell. D. Algae are parasites. E. Fungi are plants.

C. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.

The resolution of a microscope can be improved by changing the A. Coarse adjustment. B. Diaphragm. C. Wavelength of light. D. Fine adjustment. E. Condenser.

C. Wavelength of light.

What is the total magnification of a chloroplast viewed with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens? A. 4.5x B. 10x C. 100x D. 450x E. 45x

D. 450x

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in A. Chloroplasts. B. Ribosomes. C. Mesosomes. D. Chromatophores. E. Cytoplasm.

D. Chromatophores.

Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? A. Cellulase B. Dehydrogenase C. Sucrase D. Coenzyme A E. Galactosidase

D. Coenzyme A

The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after addition of the decolorizing agent in the Gram stain. A. Brown B. Purple C. Red D. Colorless

D. Colorless

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Fungi

D. Fungi

Which of the following requirements was NOT necessary for Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation? A. Supplying air B. Removing microorganisms that were initially present C. Providing a food source that would support growth D. Identifying bacteria E. Keeping microorganisms out

D. Identifying bacteria

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Microbial physiologist - studies fermentation of sourdough bread B. Virologist - studies human immunodeficiency virus C. Microbial ecologist - studies bacteria that degrade oil D. Immunologist - studies ecology of Legionella pneumophila E. Molecular biologist - studies recombinant DNA

D. Immunologist - studies ecology of Legionella pneumophila

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false? A. It involves the Krebs cycle. B. It generates ATP. C. It involves the reduction of nitrate. D. It involves glycolysis only. E. It requires cytochromes.

D. It involves glycolysis only.

Bacterial smears are fixed before staining to A. Kill the bacteria. B. Accept stain. C. Make their walls permeable. D. Kill the bacteria and Affix the cells to the slide. E. Affix the cells to the slide.

D. Kill the bacteria and Affix the cells to the slide.

Which of the following CANNOT be made by using recombinant DNA technology? A. Pest-resistant crops B. Vaccines C. Human hormones D. Life E. Pharmaceutical drugs

D. Life

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source? A. Chemoautotroph - Fe B. Photoheterotroph - light C. Chemoautotroph - NH D. Photoautotroph - CO E. Chemoheterotroph - glucose

D. Photoautotroph - CO

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? A. Animalia B. Helminthes C. Plantae D. Protista E. Fungi

D. Protista

What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme? A. Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell. B. Water will leave the cell. C. The cell will plasmolyze. D. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. E. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

D. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? A. The energy released in the reduction of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. B. The transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP. C. Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O. D. The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.

D. The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.

Which of the following statements about protozoa is false? A. They are classified by their method of locomotion. B. All have complex cells. C. All are eukaryotic. D. They have rigid cell walls. E. All are unicellular.

D. They have rigid cell walls.

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A. Their DNA is not associated with histones. B. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. C. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. D. They lack a plasma membrane. E. They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.

D. They lack a plasma membrane.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Lancefield - immunology B. Winogradsky - microbial ecology C. Jenner - immunology D. Weizmann - virology E. Jacob and Monod - microbial genetics

D. Weizmann - virology

Which of the following are NOT energy reserves? A. Metachromatic granules. B. Lipid inclusions. C. Sulfur granules. D. Polysaccharide granules. E. Carboxysomes.

E. Carboxysomes.

This microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures are NOT visible. A. Compound light microscope B. Fluorescence microscope C. Electron microscope D. Phase-contrast microscope E. Darkfield microscope

E. Darkfield microscope

In this microscope, the observer does NOT look at an image through a lens. A. Phase-contrast microscope B. Fluorescence microscope C. Darkfield microscope D. Compound light microscope E. Electron microscope

E. Electron microscope

A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n) A. Virus. B. Helminth. C. Alga. D. Bacterium. E. Fungus.

E. Fungus.

Fungi differ from bacteria in that fungi A. Are cellular. B. Have cell walls. C. Spoil food. D. Have DNA. E. Have a nucleus.

E. Have a nucleus.

You are looking at a white cottony growth on a culture medium. Microscopic examination reveals it is multicellular. Which of the following conclusions about this organism is false? A. It has cell walls. B. It has DNA enclosed in a nucleus. C. It is eukaryotic. D. It absorbs organic nutrients. E. It is a bacterium.

E. It is a bacterium.

What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? A. It is oxidized in the electron transport chain. B. It is reduced to lactic acid. C. It is reduced in the Krebs cycle. D. It is catabolized in glycolysis. E. It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.

E. It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.

Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx is false? A. It may be responsible for virulence. B. It may be composed of polysaccharide. C. It is used to adhere to surfaces. D. It may be composed of polypeptide. E. It protects from osmotic lysis.

E. It protects from osmotic lysis.

Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea A. Lack nuclei. B. Reproduce by binary fission. C. Are prokaryotic. D. Use organic compounds for food. E. Lack peptidoglycan.

E. Lack peptidoglycan.

Regular use of antibacterial cleaning products A. Prevents occurrence of infections, Is necessary for good health, and Prevents bacteria from growing B. Prevents occurrence of infections. C. Prevents bacteria from growing. D. Is necessary for good health. E. Promotes survival of bacteria that are resistant.

E. Promotes survival of bacteria that are resistant.

The best definition of osmotic pressure is A. The movement of solute molecules from a higher to a lower concentration. B. The movement of a substance across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration. C. The movement of solute molecules from a lower to a higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane. D. The active transport of a substance out of a cell to maintain equilibrium. E. The force with which a solvent moves across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration.

E. The force with which a solvent moves across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration.

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl? A. Water will move into the cell. B. Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration. C. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. D. No change will result; the solution is isotonic. E. Water will move out of the cell.

E. Water will move out of the cell.

Beggiatoa bacteria get energy by oxidizing S2- to S6+. This means they take ________ for their ________. A. glucose; glycolysis B. electrons; fermentation C. protons; NAD D. sulfur; photophosphorylation E. electrons; electron transport chain

E. electrons; electron transport chain

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Jenner - vaccines B. Pasteur - fermentation C. Hooke - cell theory D. Lister - aseptic surgery E. van Leeuwenhoek - germ theory

E. van Leeuwenhoek - germ theory

Paul Berg received the Nobel Prize for developing the procedure for incorporating fragments of animal DNA into bacteria. List some reasons why his work was a major contribution to science.

He created recombinant DNA by showing that pieces of human and animal DNA can be attached to a bacteria's DNA to create a certain protein.

In 1835 Bassi showed that a fungus caused a silkworm disease, and in 1865 Pasteur discovered that a protozoan caused another silkworm disease. Why do we use Koch's postulates instead of "Bassi's" or "Pasteur's" postulates?

Koch was the first scientist to actually prove that actually bacteria cause disease. Pasteur proved that microorganisms could be present in non-living matter. Bassi preceded both Pasteur and Koch in the discovery that many diseases of both man and animal were caused by parasites.

List two examples of biotechnology that involve recombinant DNA technology and two examples that do not.

Two examples of biotechnology that involve recombinant DNA technology are gene therapy and gene modifications. Two examples of biotechnology that do not involve recombinant DNA technology are agriculture and industry.

Figure 4.1 Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament? e d a c b

a

Figure 5.8 What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8? e c b a d

a

Figure 4.1 Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? e a d c b

b

Figure 4.1 Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a bacillius? d b a e c

c

Figure 4.1 Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci? c b a e d

d

Figure 5.8 Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed? b a d c e

d

Figure 5.8 In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced? e c b d a

e