Micro practice this test 1

Hybridomas: a) are responsible for tumor formation in plants b) are resistant to monoclonal antibodies c) divide and grow for only a short period of time d) are the fusion of antibody producing plasma cell and a cancer cell

d) are the fusion of antibody producing plasma cell and a cancer cell

The process of conjugation in bacteria requires that: a) two types of viruses be present b) the bacteria be deprived of nutrients c) there be naked DNA in the environment d) there be contact between donor and recipient cells

d) there be contact between donor and recipient cells

A bacterium that is transformed: a) cannot form a conjugation pilus b) has acquired naked DNA from the environment c) will probably die within 48 hours d) if injected, it always will result in the death of a mouse

b) has acquired naked DNA from the environment

Gene amplification: a) allows transposition of genes from one location on a chromosome to another b) occurs when recombinant plasmids are induced to reproduce within cells at a rapid rate c) allows material from one strain to recombine with that from another strain d) complicate our ability to increase antibiotic production

b) occurs when recombinant plasmids are induced to reproduce within cells at a rapid rate

Plasmids which contain genes for the formation of an F pilus are called: a) transferable b) promiscuous c) competent d) lytic

b) promiscuous

Removing the cell walls from two different strains of organisms and then allowing the membrane bound cells to combine with one another best describes: a) genetic fusion b) protoplast fusion c) cell fusion d) DNA fusion

b) protoplast fusion

DNA can be cut at specific sites by using _____. a) ligases b) restriction enzymes c) antibiotics d) plasmids

b) restriction enzymes

The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by a virus is: a) transformation b) transduction c) transferration d) conjugation

b) transduction

A typical transposon is flanked by: a) resistance factors b) inverted repeat terminals c) RTF genes d) repressor sites

b) inverted repeat terminals

A viral cycle, which ends with the rupture of the cell and release of new viral particles, is the: a) temperate cycle b) lytic cycle c) lysogenic cycle d) prophage cycle

b) lytic cycle

Electroporation is a technique that is used to _____. a) kill bacteria b) make bacteria competent c) increase conjugation among bacteria d) decrease the pathogenicity of bacteria

b) make bacteria competent

Hybridomas are used to produce large quantities of _____. a) restriction enzymes b) monoclonal antibodies c) antibiotics d) natural insecticides

b) monoclonal antibodies

A virus which incorporates its DNA into the DNA of its host organism is existing as a _____. a) virulent phage b) prophage c) lytic phage d) none of the above

b) prophage

A lytic viral cycle is usually the result of infection by a: a) prophage b) virulent phage c) temperate phage d) antiphage

b) virulent phage

Which of the following statements is true? a) High frequency recombination depends on a cell having multiple F plasmids. b) Promiscuous plasmids can only be transferred between the same species. c) Cells containing an F ́ plasmid have multiple copies of some genes. d) An F pilus is needed for bacterial transformation.

c) Cells containing an F ́ plasmid have multiple copies of some genes.

DNA from an organism can be incorporated into a vector using the enzyme _____. a) DNA polymerase b) RNA polymerase c) DNA ligase d) restriction endonuclease

c) DNA ligase

Gene therapy would describe which of the following scenarios? a) Bacteria which produce human growth hormone b) A DNA comparison in a paternity case c) Yeast which has been genetically engineered to produce yeast from starch d) Replacing a defective gene in human cells

d) Replacing a defective gene in human cells

Recombinant bacteria have been used to produce _____. a) human growth hormone b) vaccines c) insulin d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Which of the following processes increases variation seen in bacteria? a) Transformation b) Conjugation c) Transduction d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Transposons are of particular significance because they _____. a) come in pairs and often are associated with viruses b) regulate gene transcription in bacteria c) can be inserted using a gene gun d) can insert either between genes or in genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

d) can insert either between genes or in genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Without restriction endonucleases, it would be impossible to _____. a) insert plasmids into bacteria b) bring about muations in bacteria c) replicate DNA in a recombinant cell d) cut the DNA of plasmids

d) cut the DNA of plasmids

RFLP's are the result of _____. a) treating cells with enzymes that remove their cell walls b) fusing two cells together c) genes being transferred by a virus d) cutting DNA with restriction enzymes

d) cutting DNA with restriction enzymes

Natural selection: a) predicts that the addition of antibiotics to an environment does not directly cause organisms to become resistant b) explains how antibiotic resistance can be maintained in a population c) doesn't consider competition between strains d) two of the above

d) two of the above

Which of the following may contribute to resistant strains of bacteria? (Cell- A: small, circular plasmid; B: large, circular plasmid) a) A b) B c) Both A and B are correct d) Neither A nor B are correct

a) A

Which of the following happens earliest in a typical bacteriophage lytic cycle? a) Phage inserts its DNA into the host cell b) Phage DNA is inserted into the bacterial chromosome c) Bacterial cell lyses d) Viral DNA and proteins are produced by the host cell

a) Phage inserts its DNA into the host cell

During the process of lysogeny: a) a phage integrates into the chromosome of the bacterium b) a bacterium takes up DNA from the media c) new phage particles are assembled in the host bacterium d) a bacterium is split open to release new phage particles

a) a phage integrates into the chromosome of the bacterium

A phage is: a) a virus which can infect bacteria b) a virus which can infect humans c) a small bacterial cell which needs to live inside another cell d) a virus that shares its DNA with its host cell

a) a virus which can infect bacteria

A transgenic organism: a) contains DNA from two different species of organism b) contains a plasmid c) is resistant to viral infection d) contains DNA which allows it transfer plasmids from its cells to other cells

a) contains DNA from two different species of organism

Toxin from which of the following bacteria is used as an insecticide? a) E. coli b) B. thuringiensis c) P. fluorescens d) P. mirablis

b) B. thuringiensis

The genetic information needed for a cell to participate in conjugation resides in the DNA of a cell's _____. a) bacterial chromosome b) F plasmid c) F pilus d) mitochondria

b) F plasmid

When conjugation occurs between a Hfr donor and a F- recipient, which of the following describes the outcome? a) F+ cells b) F- cells with some quantity of chromosomal DNA c) F- cells with no chromosomal DNA d) F' cells with some duplicate gene pairs

b) F- cells with some quantity of chromosomal DNA

When cells conjugate for longer periods of time, which of the following will occur? a) Fewer genes will be transferred. b) More genes will be transferred. c) The same number of genes will be transferred. d) It is impossible to tell. Conjugation time and number of genes transferred are not related.

b) More genes will be transferred.

High frequency recombination cells arise when: a) they have multiple F plasmids b) a portion of the cell's F plasmid has been incorporated into the bacterial chromosome c) conjugation and transformation happen at the same time d) Bacterial chromosomes do not break during conjugation

b) a portion of the cell's F plasmid has been incorporated into the bacterial chromosome

F' (prime) plasmids: a) are responsible for high frequency recombination b) carry some chromosomal genes c) are those plasmids that have never been incorporated into a bacterial chromosome d) none of the above

b) carry some chromosomal genes

In an experiment such as Griffith's pneumococcal experiment which of the following, when injected into a mouse, would result in its death? a) Heat-killed, smooth pneumoccocci b) Live, rough pneumococci c) A mixture of heat killed smooth pneumococci and live rough pneumococci d) A mixture of heat killed rough pneumococci and live rough pneumococci

c) A mixture of heat killed smooth pneumococci and live rough pneumococci

In a culture containing both F- and F+ cells, which of the following will occur if we wait long enough? a) No conjugation will occur b) The cells will all become genetically identical c) All F- will become F+ cells d) All F+ cells will become F- cells

c) All F- will become F+ cells

In Griffith's experiments, the "transforming substance" was _____. a) RNA b) Protein c) Polysaccharides d) DNA

d) DNA

In Griffith's transformation experiments, which of the following did not take place? a) Live, capsulated pneumococci killed mice b) Live unencapsulated bacteria were able to retrieve the DNA from dead encapsulated bacteria and become virulent c) DNA was transferred from capsulated to unencapsulated bacteria using a bacteriophage d) Dead, capsulated pneumococci had no effect on mice

c) DNA was transferred from capsulated to unencapsulated bacteria using a bacteriophage

Bacteriocins: a) are resistance molecules found on plasmids b) are inhibited by UV exposure c) are growth-inhibiting proteins that inhibit strains closely related to the producer d) only exist in eukaryotic organisms

c) are growth-inhibiting proteins that inhibit strains closely related to the producer

Restriction enzymes come from _____. a) fungal cells b) viruses c) bacterial cells d) animal cells

c) bacterial cells

Which of the following processes requires contact between donor and recipient cells? a) transduction b) transcription c) conjugation d) transformation

c) conjugation

In horizontal gene transfer: a) genes are passed between bacteria of different generations b) genes are passed from mother cells to daughter cells c) genes are passed between bacteria of the same generation d) none of the above

c) genes are passed between bacteria of the same generation

This illustration represents: (deleted segment between two structural genes, result in one strand) a) conjugation or transformation b) transduction or mutation c) genetic fusion d) protoplast fusion or gene amplification

c) genetic fusion

Bacterial conjugation is an example of _____. a) transduction b) vertical gene transfer c) horizontal gene transfer d) bacterial transformation

c) horizontal gene transfer

The Ti plasmid is known primarily for its ability to: a) direct synthesis of conjugation pili b) provide resistance to certain antibiotics c) induce the formation of tumors in plants d) two of the above

c) induce the formation of tumors in plants

In 1981 a review of safety concerns concerning recombinant DNA research found that: a) mutants of E. coli require special sanitization practices b) laboratory workers could become easily infected with the strain of E. coli normally used in lab experiments c) no illnesses could be traced to laboratory researchers working with recombinants d) two of the above are true

c) no illnesses could be traced to laboratory researchers working with recombinants

"Specialized" transduction refers to the fact that: a) it only happens at specific times in the cell cycle b) only specific bacteria take part as hosts c) only a few specific genes are transferred d) only specific viruses take part in the process

c) only a few specific genes are transferred

Competence refers to a bacterium's ability to _____. a) synthesize a protein from another species gene that has been engineered b) undergo conjunction with an F+ cell c) take up DNA fragments d) be infected by a phage

c) take up DNA fragments

Bacteria that contain recombinant plasmids can be easily isolated because: a) they are larger than nonrecombinant bacteria b) they are designed to be resistant to certain antibiotics c) their colonies will be distinguished by a color variation from those colonies containing nonrecombinant plasmids d) they are smaller than non-recombinant bacteria

c) their colonies will be distinguished by a color variation from those colonies containing nonrecombinant plasmids

In specialized transduction the bacterial genes transduced tend to be: a) those genes in greatest use by the bacteria b) those genes that are currently not being transcribed c) those genes that are located close to the site of the prophage insertion d) those genes that are small enough to fit in the viral head

c) those genes that are located close to the site of the prophage insertion

A ________ is a genetic sequence able to move from one location in a chromosome to another. a) plasmid b) F factor c) transposon d) R factor

c) transposon

When genes are passed on from parent to offspring, which of the following events has taken place? a) horizontal gene transfer b) transduction c) vertical gene transfer d) retrograde gene transfer

c) vertical gene transfer

Plasmids do which of the following? a) Direct synthesis of conjugation pili b) Provide resistance to certain antibiotics c) Induce the formation of tumors in plants d) All of the above are functions of plasmids

d) All of the above are functions of plasmids