micro pre-quizzes

Which of the following pH values is most acidic? A. 1 B. 5 C. 7 D. 14

A. 1

Overuse of antibiotics and antibacterial hand soaps can lead to the development of "super bugs" and antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria A. True B. False

A. True

Chemicals that deplete ATP in a cell are most likely to affect which of the following cell transport systems? A. active transport B. passive transport C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis

A. active transport

Transport processes that require the input of energy by the cell to move molecules against a concentration gradient are called A. active transport. B. facilitated diffusion. C. diffusion. D. passive transport.

A. active transport.

A microbe, which grows at temperatures above 95° C is most likely to be A. an archaean B. a fungus C. a protozoan D. a bacterium

A. an archaean

The movement of bacteria in response to chemicals in their environment is called A. chemotaxis B. phototaxis C. aerotaxis D. chemomobility

A. chemotaxis

A resistant dormancy structure produced by some bacteria in response to adverse conditions, and that germinates when conditions become favorable is called a(n) A. endospore B. sporangium C. plasmid D. vegetative cell

A. endospore

Which of the following would describe a "flexible" organism that can use oxygen when it is available, but can also survive without it A. facultative anaerobe B. microaerophile C. fastidious anaerobe D. aerotolerant

A. facultative anaerobe

Organisms such as lactobacilli that have elaborate requirements for specific nutrients i.e. vitamins and other growth promoting substances, are generally called as A. fastidious hetrotrophs B. chemo-lithotrophs C. chemotrophs D. photoautotrophs

A. fastidious hetrotrophs

The time required for the formation of 2 cells from one is the A. generation time B. growth time C. DNA replication D. lag time

A. generation time

Autotrophic bacteria are those which A. make their own food B. form a long chain glycocalyx C. are highly susceptible to penicillin D. produce a blue-green pigment

A. make their own food

A culture broth tube was very turbid at the surface but clear throughout the rest of the tube indicating that the A. organism are aerobes B. organism should be grown in an anaerobic chamber C. organism cannot produce superoxide dismutase and/or catalase D. organism cannot tolerate oxygen

A. organism are aerobes

The organic molecules responsible for forming the bilayer of biological membranes are A. phospholipids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. nucleic acids

A. phospholipids

The general term for a large molecule made up of many similar subunits is A. polymer B. peptide C. helix D. pectin

A. polymer

Amino acids linked together with peptide bonds form which of the following organic molecules? A. proteins B. polysaccharides C. carbohydrates D. triglycerides

A. proteins

The monosaccharide found in RNA is called A. ribose B. deoxyribose C. glycerol D. adenosine

A. ribose

The theory that organisms can arise from nonliving matter is called A. spontaneous generation. B. biogenesis theory. C. cell theory. D. the theory of evolution.

A. spontaneous generation.

Acellular, non-living agents consisting of a protein coat that surrounds a nucleic acid core are called A. viruses B. prions C. prokaryotes D. viroids

A. viruses

Proteinacious agents that cause a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jacob disease and Mad Cow disease are called A. viruses B. prions C. viroids D. phage

B. prions

Which of the following would most likely cause your milk to spoil? A. psychrophile B. psychrotroph C. mesophile D. pathogen

B. psychrotroph

When repeating a scientific experiment, it is important to A. throw in some creativity of your own so the experiment isn't so boring B. repeat all parameters of the experiment exactly the same C. change 2 or more parameters D. change only 1 parameter

B. repeat all parameters of the experiment exactly the same

The time between the inoculation and the beginning of growth is known as A. the log phase B. the lag phase C. the stationary phase D. the transport pahse

B. the lag phase

The chromosome of prokaryotes is located in which of the following regions? A. the nucleus B. the nucleoid C. the plasmid D. the capsule

B. the nucleoid

Microbes that are very similar in shape, size, and appearance to the bacteria, but able to live and grow in environments of very high salt concentration and temperatures above boiling belong to which domain? A. Prokaryote B. Eucarya C. Archaea D. Protozoa

C. Archaea

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? A. Fungi are eukaryotes. B. Some fungi are single-celled and others are multicellular. C. Most fungi are photosynthetic and derive their energy from sunlight. D. Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are examples of fungi.

C. Most fungi are photosynthetic and derive their energy from sunlight.

Starvation proteins are produced by a culture during which of the following segments of the growth curve? A. Lag phase B. Exponential phase C. Stationary phase D. Death phase

C. Stationary phase

Which of the following would describe an open system? A. A standard laboratory test tube B. A standard laboratory agar plate C. a chemostat in which fresh medium and spent medium are being added and removed at a constant rate D. A tube of cells that has sat on the lab bench for one year

C. a chemostat in which fresh medium and spent medium are being added and removed at a constant rate

In nucleic acids, the purine nitrogenous bases are A. uracil and thymine B. cytosine and guanine C. adenine and guanine D. guanine and thymine

C. adenine and guanine

The process of using microbes to destroy dangerous chemicals and pollution in the environment is called A. recombinant DNA technology. B. biotechnology. C. bioremediation. D. microbial transformation

C. bioremediation.

In the formation of a macromolecule, what type of reaction would join two subunits together? A. hydrophobic reaction B. hydrolysis reaction C. dehydration reaction D. denaturation reaction

C. dehydration reaction

The plasma membrane is found A. in prokaryotes only B. in eukaryotes only C. in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

C. in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements that make up life? A. carbon B. oxygen C. mercury D. hydrogen

C. mercury

Glucose is a A. protein B. disaccharide C. monosaccharide D. starch

C. monosaccharide

Beneficial microbes that can be found in large numbers over the entire body are known as A. pathogens B. endospores C. normal flora D. biofilms

C. normal flora

A process in which wine, beer, and milk are heated to destroy microorganisms that cause spoilage and increase the shelf life of these products is called A. centrifugation B. sterilization C. pasteurization D. autoclaving

C. pasteurization

Penicillin controls bacterial growth by A. preventing synthesis of the LPS B. inhibiting protein synthesis C. preventing cross-link formation in peptidoglycan D. preventing formation of ATP

C. preventing cross-link formation in peptidoglycan

Which of the following compounds require nitrogen in their structure? A. glucose B. lipids C. proteins D. all of the above

C. proteins

The stage in the bacterial growth curve when bacteria are dieing and growing at a constant rate is known as A. lag phase B. log phase C. stationary phase D. death phase

C. stationary phase

The theory in which the mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacterial cells is known as A. spontaneous generation B. the cell theory C. the endosymbiotic theory D. the endoplasmic reticulum theory

C. the endosymbiotic theory

The organism which grows best above 45°C are called A. psychrophilic B. mesosphilic C. thermophilic D. halophilic

C. thermophilic

Prokaryotic ribosomes make a good antibacterial drug target because A. they are larger than eukaryotic ribsoomes B. they are the same size as eukaryotic ribosomes C. they are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes D. eukaryotes don't have ribosomes

C. they are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but is not found in RNA? A. adenine B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine

C. thymine

The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that A. doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it. B. is killed by oxygen. C. uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when oxygen is absent. D. prefers to grow without oxygen.

C. uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when oxygen is absent.

Nucleic acids are chains of 5-carbon sugars linked by ____ bonds with an organic base protruding from each sugar. A. amino B. phosphodiester C. carboxyl D. phosphate

B. phosphodiester

The process that protozoa use to engulf materials is known as A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. exocytosis D. diffusion

B. phagocytosis

Which of the following is the suitable temperature range for mesophiles? A. 20-30°C B. 25-40°C C. >40°C D. None of these

B. 25-40°C

Which of the following statements about plasmids is FALSE? A. They are extrachromosomal pieces of DNA. B. A single cell can carry only one type of plasmid. C. The cell ordinarily does not require the plasmid for survival. D. Plasmids may be advantageous to the cell.

B. A single cell can carry only one type of plasmid.

A heat-resistant form of bacteria that can remain dormant for 100+ years is known as a(n) A. Vegetative cell B. Endospore C. Viroid D. Helminth

B. Endospore

Almost all bacteria (99%+) are pathogenic A. True B. False

B. False

Viruses are living organisms and can be killed with antibiotics A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following is NOT one of the domains of life? A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Archaea D. Eukarya

B. Fungi

Which of the following is NOT a modern emerging disease? A. Swine Flu. B. Influenza. C. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. D. Lyme disease.

B. Influenza.

What action does penicillin have that makes it effective in treating many types of bacterial infections? A. It interferes with DNA transcription. B. It interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis. C. It breaks down the cell wall. D. It directly damages the plasma membrane.

B. It interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis.

Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions involve removing or adding _______________ to macromolecule subunits. A. C and O B. OH and H C. C and H D. COOH and H

B. OH and H

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides belong to what group of organic molecules? A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. nucleic acids

B. carbohydrates

Superoxide is toxic to obligate anaerobes because they lack: A. cell membranes B. catalase C. hydrogen peroxide D. peptidase

B. catalase

The organism which obtain their energy from chemicals are designated as A. prototrophs B. chemotrophs C. organotrophs D. autotrophs

B. chemotrophs

A strong chemical bond in which atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons is called a(n) _________________ bond. A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen D. hydrophobic

B. covalent

A lipopolysaccharide molecule that is released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria cell walls and causes the symptoms of the bacterial infection is called: A. porin B. endotoxin C. exotoxin D. peptidoglycan

B. endotoxin

Proteins that are used by cells to speed up the rate of chemical reactions and are not used up in the reaction are called A. cofactors B. enzymes C. nucleic acids D. coenzymes

B. enzymes

Animals store glucose in the form of A. amylose B. glycogen C. glycerol D. cellulose

B. glycogen

The nucleus is found A. in prokaryotes only B. in eukaryotes only C. in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

B. in eukaryotes only

Cholesterol belongs to what group of organic compounds? A. carbohydrate B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

B. lipids

Which of the following would most likely characterize a human pathogen? A. psychrophile B. mesophile C. thermophile D. halophile

B. mesophile

A substance found in bacterial cell walls that is unique to ONLY bacteria is known as A. protein B. peptidoglycan C. cellulose D. chlorophyll

B. peptidoglycan

Which of the following features make microorganisms such as bacteria excellent model organisms for the study of biology? A. Microorganisms are often easier and less expensive to grow than multicellular organisms. B. Microorganisms multiply rapidly, allowing easier analysis. C. Microorganisms use the same basic genetic mechanisms as larger, more complex organisms. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of these choices are correct.

insects that can serve as vectors, carrying microbes from one surface to another, are known as A. Helminths B. Viroids C. Bacteria D. Arthropods

D. Arthropods

Double helix describes the structure of a molecule of A. protein B. disaccharide C. starch D. DNA

D. DNA

All of the following are true with regard to bacteria EXCEPT: A. Some bacteria are able to use nitrogen gas in the atmosphere and convert it into a form that can be used by plants and animals. B. Some bacteria can break down materials that no other living organisms can degrade. C. Bacteria can be used to produce useful products that are of commercial value. D. The majority of bacteria are pathogenic and will cause disease if humans are exposed to them.

D. The majority of bacteria are pathogenic and will cause disease if humans are exposed to them.

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is FALSE? A. Phospholipid molecules are arranged with the hydrophobic tails facing each other in the middle of the membrane. B. Phospholipids in the cell membrane are arranged so that the collective hydrophilic parts of the molecules line both the outside and inside (cytoplasmic) facing interfaces of the cell. C. Proteins are freely movable within the membrane. D. The membrane is impermeable to all molecules except water.

D. The membrane is impermeable to all molecules except water.

A way to prevent a microbial disease would be to A. vaccinate B. wash hands C. avoid contact with rodents D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following factors influences microbial growth? A. water availability B. pH C. temperature D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following would make a good antibiotic drug target A. peptidoglycan B. LPS C. ribosomes D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following would describe an organism with complicated nutritional requirements A. facultative B. trophic C. extremophilic D. fastidious

D. fastidious

In a DNA molecule, what holds together nitrogenous bases from the two polymer chains? A. phosphodiester bonds B. ionic bonds C. peptide bonds D. hydrogen bonds

D. hydrogen bonds

LPS is found A. in all prokaryotes B. in eukaryotes only C. in Gram-positive bacteria only D. in Gram-negative bacteria only

D. in Gram-negative bacteria only

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms A. has a thick peptidoglycan layer B. has no peptidoglycan layer C. is more permeable to various molecule than the gram-pos cell wall D. is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS

D. is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS

An organism is completely dependant on atmospheric O2 for growth. This organism is a(n) A. osmotolerant B. acidophile C. aerotolerant anaerobe. D. obligate aerobe

D. obligate aerobe

Many bacterial throat infections are aggravated by the fact that the bacteria can attach to throat cells. Drugs can be developed that reduce the ability of bacteria to stick to surfaces. Which of the following structures would most likely be affected by these drugs? A. plasmid B. storage granules C. flagella D. pili

D. pili

Which if true about Gram-positive bacteria A. they have an outer membrane composed of LPS B. they are not susceptible to penicillin C. they have a thin peptidoglycan layer D. their cell walls contain teichoic acids

D. their cell walls contain teichoic acids