MicroBio Chapter 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

What maternal disease can lead to serious eye infections in the neonate if infected during passage through the birth canal?

Gonorrhea

The urinary system has which of the following roles in the body?

Helps regulate processes in the body Transports wastes out of the body Removes unwanted substances from the blood

Consequences of neurosyphilis include which of the following?

dementia convulsions blindness severe headaches

The core of an effective syphilis prevention program is which of the following?

detecting and treating sexual contacts

Neurosyphilis can involve any part of the nervous system, but it shows particular affinity for which of the following?

dorsal roots of the spinal cord cranial nerves blood vessels in the brain

Which of the following describe the chancre of syphilis?

found at the site of entry of the pathogen hard painless

Which of the following are considered genital ulcer diseases?

genital herpes syphilis chancroid

Which of the following are considered discharge diseases?

gonorrhea chlamydia

Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy?

group B Streptococcus

What structure(s) does Treponema use to bind to mucous membranes or skin?

hooked tip

An infection of which of the following is called pyelonephritis?

kidneys

Prostatitis occurs in which of the following?

men

Which of the following are the common signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in females?

painful urination bloody discharge

Which body system involves the vertical passage of genes from parents to offspring?

reproductive

Females will exhibit signs and symptoms of gonorrhea in which of the following systems?

reproductive urinary

Hutchinson's teeth are formed as a result of congenital ________________

syphilis

Which of the following is the genital ulcer disease caused by a spirochete bacterium?

syphilis

Which of the following represent stages of untreated syphilis infection in an adult?

tertiary secondary primary

In the second phase of leptospirosis, _____.

the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses

In the early phase of leptospirosis, _____.

the pathogen appears in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid

True or false: The disease syphilis may have latent periods which vary in length.

true

The _____ urinary tract has fewer types of microbes and lower abundance of microbes than the _____ urinary tract.

upper; lower

Which of the following best describes the current status of syphilis infection worldwide?

The frequency is increasing worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia.

Choose all of the correct statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract.

The ovaries and fallopian tubes have a small group of resident microbes. After puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a lowering of vaginal pH.

Which of the following statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract are correct?

The vaginal pH of an elderly woman is close to neutral. Before puberty and after menopause, the vagina harbors a biota that is similar to what is found in the urethra.

What universal prevention is used to prevent newborns from gonorrhea complications?

antibiotic ointment applied to eyes

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, performed to diagnose syphilis, tests for which of the following?

antigens that appear in an infected host

Urethritis is an infection of which of the following?

urethra

What is the approximate risk of catching syphilis from an infected sexual partner?

12-30%

________ stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, hair loss, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved.

2nd

What is a sexually transmitted infection?

A disease transmitted through intimate physical contact

Those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with which of the following? It is imperative that treatment should target that microorganism as well.

Chlamydia

_____________ syphilis is an infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero.

Congenital

What prevention is used with at-risk persons for syphilis infection?

Prophylactic antibiotics

_____________is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

Prostatitis

Gonorrhea infections can be prevented by which of the following means?

Safe sex practices

Secondary syphilis is characterized by which of the following?

hair loss systemic rashes

Approximately ________% of males infected with N. gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic and ________% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic. Gonorrhea can be spread by those individuals.

Blank 1: 10 Blank 2: 50

HPV stands for

Blank 1: human Blank 2: papillomavirus

The chance of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in genital _______ disease.

Blank 1: ulcer or ulcerative

In the male, the normal biota of both the ______________ tract and the ___________ tract are the same.

Blank 1: urinary Blank 2: reproductive or genital

Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased levels of which of the following gases?

CO2

_________ diseases are those sexually transmitted infections in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.

Discharge

Which of the following is a major virulence factor of the syphilis spirochete?

Easily penetrates bloodstream

True or false: A vaccine currently exists for gonorrhea.

False

True or false: Similar to males, gonorrhea infection is limited to the most external structure of the reproductive tract in females.

False

True or false: The microbial composition of the urinary tract is largely the same in men and women.

False

Gonorrhea infections are usually transmitted in which ways?

Maternal-neonate transmission Sexual contact

A person may notice no symptoms or vesicles may appear on the genitalia, perineum, thigh, or buttocks, after an infection with which of the following microorganisms?

Herpes simplex virus

The normal biota of the urinary tract is the same as the normal biota of the reproductive tract in which sex?

Males

Which of the following are possible complications of gonorrhea in females?

Pelvic inflammatory disease Infection of fallopian tubes Infertility

What are discharge diseases?

Those that cause an increase in excreted fluid from the reproductive tracts

____________is a condition of the vagina, characterized by a discharge but no inflammation.

Vaginosis

Treponema pallidum is which type of microorganism?

bacterium

How are discharge diseases transmitted?

bodily fluid contact with mucosa

Which of the following are the possible signs/symptoms of vaginitis?

burning sensation vaginal itching vaginal discharge

Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased levels of which of the following gases?

carbon dioxide

The primary lesion seen in syphilis infections is called which of the following?

chancre

The vesicles seen in initial genital herpes infections are filled with which of the following?

clear fluid

Which of the following enzymes are useful for identifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

cytochrome oxidase catalase