Microbiology Ch. 24

5) A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

F

6) Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus.

F

7) Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever, a fungal pulmonary disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley.

F

18) Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod? A) Bordetella pertussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) Burkholderia pseudomallei D) Streptococcus pyogenes E) Pneumocystis jirovecii

B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

20) Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin? A) Bordetella pertussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Streptococcus pyogenes E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

31) The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Corynebacterium B) Haemophilus C) Bordetella D) Mycobacterium E) RSV

B) Haemophilus

38) Which one of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE? A) Nearly 1/3 of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis. B) Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis. C) It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year. D) At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive. E) Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.

B) Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.

48) The best diagnostic method for detection of chlamydial pneumonia is A) direct brightfield light microscopic examination. B) PCR detection. C) biochemical testing of cultured microbes. D) serological testing of the patient's blood. E) fluorescent microscopy.

B) PCR detection.

12) Which one of the following is mismatched? A) epiglottitis - Haemophilus B) Q fever - Rickettsia C) psittacosis - Chlamydia D) whooping cough - Bordetella E) melioidosis - Burkholderia

B) Q fever - Rickettsia

10) Which one of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age? A) coccidioidomycosis B) diphtheria C) legionellosis D) scarlet fever E) psittacosis

B) diphtheria

19) Infection by which one of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes? A) Bordetella pertussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Streptococcus pyogenes E) Blastomyces dermatidis

C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

26) Infection by which one of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia? A) Blastomyces B) Coccidioides C) Mycoplasma D) Streptococcus E) Mycobacterium

C) Mycoplasma

6) Which one of the following pairings is mismatched? A) Corynebacterium - gram-positive rod B) Mycobacterium - acid-fast rod C) Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod D) Bordetella - gram-negative pleomorphic rod E) Haemophilus - gram-negative rod

C) Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod

16) All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT A) it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. B) it is transmitted via aerosols and contact. C) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms. D) complications include laryngitis and otitis media. E) the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.

C) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms

2) Which one of the following pairings is mismatched? A) pharyngitis - sore throat B) laryngitis - voice loss C) epiglottitis - sore throat D) sinusitis - headache and nasal mucous E) otitis media - earache

C) epiglottitis - sore throat

25) All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT A) ethambutol. B) isoniazid. C) fluoroquinolones. D) rifampin. E) pyrazinamide.

C) fluoroquinolones.

49) In Q fever cases, involvement of which organ/system is responsible for the rare fatalities observed? A) gastrointestinal tract B) central nervous system C) heart tissue D) kidneys/urinary tract E) pancreas/endocrine system

C) heart tissue

46) Melioidosis is a relatively new disease. Its means of transmission is primarily via A) sexual contact. B) contaminated water. C) inhalation. D) blood-borne transmission. E) surgical wound contamination.

C) inhalation.

41) A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has A) tuberculosis. B) influenza. C) pneumococcal pneumonia. D) mycoplasmal pneumonia. E) the common cold.

C) pneumococcal pneumonia.

42) Which one of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants? A) rhinovirus B) adenovirus C) respiratory syncytial virus D) influenza E) Mycoplasma

C) respiratory syncytial virus

28) Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which one of the following organisms? A) Blastomyces B) Coccidioides C) Mycoplasma D) Streptococcus E) Chlamydophila

B) Coccidioides

37) Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Blastomyces B) Coccidioides C) Histoplasma D) Mycobacterium E) Pneumocystis

B) Coccidioides

43) Which one of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite? A) Chlamydophila B) Coccidioides C) Coxiella D) Influenza virus E) RSV

B) Coccidioides

39) A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Bordetella B) Corynebacterium C) Burkholderia D) Mycobacterium E) Mycoplasma

A) Bordetella

17) Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages? A) Bordetella pertussis B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Streptococcus pyogenes E) respiratory syncytial virus

A) Bordetella pertussis

30) A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is A) Burkholderia pseudomallei. B) Chlamydophila psittaci. C) Haemophilus influenzae. D) Legionella pneumophila. E) Staphylococcus aureus.

A) Burkholderia pseudomallei.

47) The causative agent of melioidosis is A) Burkholderia pseudomallei. B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. C) RSV. D) influenza virus. E) Mycoplasma.

A) Burkholderia pseudomallei.

33) The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Corynebacterium B) Haemophilus C) Bordetella D) Mycobacterium E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

A) Corynebacterium

7) Which one of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis? A) Histoplasma B) Coccidioides C) Legionella D) Mycoplasma E) Influenza virus

A) Histoplasma

22) Which one of the following is an opportunistic pathogen? A) Pneumocystis B) Legionella C) Histoplasma D) Mycoplasma E) rhinovirus

A) Pneumocystis

29) Soil is a reservoir for the pathogen for all of the following diseases EXCEPT A) Q fever. B) melioidosis. C) blastomycosis. D) histoplasmosis. E) coccidioidomycosis.

A) Q fever.

45) Legionella is transmitted by A) airborne transmission. B) foodborne transmission. C) person-to-person contact. D) fomites. E) vectors.

A) airborne transmission.

21) The most effective means of preventing influenza is A) annual vaccination. B) isolation of carriers. C) vector control. D) pasteurization of milk. E) administration of amantadine.

A) annual vaccination.

1) The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT A) competition with the normal flora of the lungs. B) IgA antibodies. C) mucous secretions. D) the ciliary escalator. E) alveolar macrophages.

A) competition with the normal flora of the lungs.

11) Which one of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins? A) diphtheria B) tuberculosis C) whooping cough D) scarlet fever E) psittacosis

A) diphtheria

40) A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having A) streptococcal pharyngitis. B) scarlet fever. C) diphtheria. D) the common cold. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

A) streptococcal pharyngitis.

9) Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine? A) tuberculosis - toxoid B) whooping cough - heat-killed bacteria C) diphtheria - toxoid D) influenza - viruses grown in embryonated eggs E) pneumococcal pneumonia - capsular polysaccharides

A) tuberculosis - toxoid

50) In cases of psittacosis, mortality is approximately ________ in the absence of antibiotic therapy via tetracyclines. A) 1-3% B) 80-90% C) 0% (this infection is not lethal) D) 15-20% E) 5-10%

D) 15-20%

23) Which one of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses? A) Staphylococcus B) Mycoplasma C) Streptococcus D) Blastomyces E) Coccidioides

D) Blastomyces

35) All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT A) Blastomyces. B) Coccidioides. C) Histoplasma. D) Mycobacterium. E) Pneumocystis.

D) Mycobacterium

44) Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract? A) Chlamydophila B) Legionella C) Mycobacterium D) Mycoplasma E) Streptococcus

D) Mycoplasma

27) Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash? A) Blastomyces B) Coccidioides C) Mycoplasma D) Streptococcus E) RSV

D) Streptococcus

4) Which one of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE? A) The causative agent is a virus. B) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia. C) The causative agent cannot be cultured. D) Treatment is tetracyclines. E) Annual vaccination can prevent infection.

D) Treatment is tetracyclines.

15) Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir? A) tuberculosis - cattle B) histoplasmosis - soil C) psittacosis - parakeets D) coccidioidomycosis - air E) pneumocystis - humans

D) coccidioidomycosis - air

5) Which one of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza? A) fever B) chills C) headache D) diarrhea E) muscle aches

D) diarrhea

24) The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were A) members of the military. B) infants and the elderly. C) residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the "Spanish Flu." D) young adults. E) residents of the U.S.

D) young adults.

14) Which one of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients? A) Pneumocystis B) Aspergillus C) Rhizopus D) Mucor E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

13) Which one of the following does NOT cause otitis media? A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Haemophilus influenzae C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Moraxella catarrhalis E) Coxiella burnetii

E) Coxiella burnetii

34) Which one of the following pairings is mismatched? A) Burkholderia - melioidosis B) Coxiella - Q fever C) Mycoplasma - walking pneumonia D) Chlamydophila - psittacosis E) Mycobacterium - whooping cough

E) Mycobacterium - whooping cough

36) Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Blastomyces B) Coccidioides C) Histoplasma D) Mycobacterium E) Pneumocystis

E) Pneumocystis

32) The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms? A) Corynebacterium B) Rhinovirus C) Bordetella D) Streptococcus E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

8) All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT A) vaccination. B) current tuberculosis infection. C) previous tuberculosis infection. D) immunity to tuberculosis. E) being near someone with tuberculosis

E) being near someone with tuberculosis

3) Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT A) strep throat. B) scarlet fever. C) rheumatic fever. D) pharyngitis. E) epiglottitis.

E) epiglottitis.

1) It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.

T

10) Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.

T

2) Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media do not require treatment with antibiotics. They will usually resolve on their own due to natural immune responses.

T

3) The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.

T

4) The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

T

8) Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, also known as "walking pneumonia."

T

9) Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk.

T