Microbiology chapt 13

Acquired specific immunity involves the response of ________.

B and T lymphocytes

What type of cells secrete antibodies?

Plasma Cells

A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n) ________.

antigen

An example of artificial active immunity would be ________.

chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox

Destruction of lymphocytes with self specificity is called ________.

clonal deletion

A naive B lymphocyte has receptors bound to its surface that ________.

will have the same variable region as the antibodies that will be secreted following a challenge by the corresponding antigen

What process provides many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens?

Clonal expansion

Each ________ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.

Fab

The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells are ________.

IgM and IgD

Which immunoglobulin class(es) can fix complement?

IgM and IgG

. Helper T cells

activate b cells and other t cells

Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?

agglutination

B cell-receptors are similar to T cell-receptors in that ________.

both receptors are similar in size both receptors have a variable and a constant region both receptors can be secreted in response to antigen both receptors are comprised of four polypeptide chains

The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.

cytotoxic T cells

The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a/an

epitope

An example of artificial passive immunity would be ________.

giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease

The major histocompatability complex is

glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells.

Antigen presenting cells

include dendritic cells. include macrophages. engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface.

During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine, _______, that activates T helper cells.

interleukin-1

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.

is a dimer

The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called ________.

plasma cells

Class II MHC genes code for ________.

receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells

Class I MHC genes code for ________.

self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes