Microbiology Chapter 11

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human carriers include (4)

- passive - incubatory - convalescent - active

the six components in the infectious disease process (6)

- pathogen - source of the pathogen (a reservoir) - a portal of exit - mode of transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host

can be loosely defined as the study of disease

epidemiology

humans, pets, farm animals, insects, and arachnids (ex. ticks and mites)

living reservoirs

indirect contact via transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products or by ______ _____ using nonsterile syringes or needles

parenteral injection

is the number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time (ex. right now)

point prevalence

this treatment includes primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatments

sewage treatment

variola major

smallpox virus

virulence of pathogen, mode of entry, and number or orgnaims

the pathogen

are diseases that humans acquire from animal sources

zoonotic diseases

mites and ticks are examples of

arachnids

examples of ____-_____ diseases include Lyme disease and malaria

arthropod- borne

many different types of arthropods serve as reservoirs of infection, including insects (ex. fleas, mosquitoes, lice) and arachnids (ex. mites and ticks)

arthropods

which one of the following organisms is not one of the four most likely potential BW or bioterroism agents a) B. anthracis b) Ebola virus c) V. major d) Y. pestis

b) Ebola virus

which of the following terms best describes chalmydial genital infection in the United States a) arthropod-borne disease b) epidemic disease c) pandemic disease d) sporadic disease

b) epidemic disease

the cause of anthrax

bacillus anthracis

microbes purposely used to harm others in wartime are called

biological warfare (BW) agents

pathogens used to create fear, chaos, illness, and death in situations other than war are called

bioterrorism agents

the largest waterborne epidemic ever to occur in the US occurred in which of the following cities a) Chicago b) Los Angeles c) Milwaukee d) New York City

c) Milwaukee

typhoid fever is caused by a species of a) Campylobacter b) Escherichia c) Salmonella d) Shigella

c) Salmonella

a federal agency administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; located in Atlanta, Georgia; established in 1946

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

mission "to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health"

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

publishes morbidity and mortality report (MMWR)

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

the cause of botulism

clostridium botulinum

is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

communicable disease

is a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person to person

contagious disease

which of the following are considered reservoirs of infection a) carriers b) contaminated food and drinking water c) rabid animals d) all of the above

d) all of the above

which of the following associations is incorrect a) ehrlichiosis... tick b) malaria...mosquito c) plague... flea d) rocky mountain spotted fever... mite

d) rocky mountain spotted fever... mite

which of the following arthropods is the vector of Lyme disease a) flea b) mite c) mosquito d) tick

d) tick

is on that is always present within the population of a particular geographic area (ex. staphylococcal and streptococcal infections)

endemic disease

is defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually within a short period of time (ex. the cryptosporidiosis epidemic of 1993)

epidemic disease

also develop ways to prevent, control, or eradicate diseases in populations

epidemiologists

inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens (ex. bedding, towels, eating and drinking utensils, hospital equipment, telephones, computer keyboards, etc.)

fomites

the _______ of particular disease is the number f new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific time period

incidence

fleas, mosquitoes, lice are examples of

insects

are sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, and chlorination

major steps in water treatment

ensure that persons exposed to a pathogen are protected against the disease

measure for prevention and control of epidemics

identify and control potential reservoirs and vectors of infectious diseases

measure for prevention and control of epidemics

increases host resistance through the development and administration of vaccines that induce active immunity and maintain it in susceptible persons

measure for prevention and control of epidemics

segregate, isolate, and treat those who have contracted a contagious infection to prevent the spread of the pathogen to others

measure for prevention and control of epidemics

direct mucous membrane o mucus membrane contact by kissing or sexual intercourse