Microbiology: Quiz 1 Study Guide

(start of exercise 6.5) Microbial colonies can be colored/pigmented because of loss of nutrients and carbohydrates to the growth media

A. TRUE B. FALSE

A counterstain (methylene blue) is used to see them non acid fast bacterium

A. TRUE B. FALSE

A stain that is cooked into the waxy cell wall, and cannot be removed with acidified alcohol is acid-fast.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Acid-fast stain is important for quick diagnosis because some strains of Mycobacterium, such as M. leprae, cannot yet be grown in culture.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Both the media and the colonies may be colored if the bacteria produces an intracellular pigment and an extracellular pigment

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Capsules are found on some bacteria (and fungi)

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Capsules are often identified immunologically, but can also be visualized with a simple gram stain.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Capsules may actually relate to pathogenicity in some strains, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Clostridium perfringens.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Fatty lipids called mycolic acids also prevent drying of the microbe.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

If the bacteria produce an extracellular pigment that is excreted by the cell, the medium becomes colored.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

If the bacteria produce an intracellular pigment that is retained by the cell, the colony becomes colored.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

If the organism produces an extracellular pigment the media turns colorless

A. TRUE B. FALSE

If the organisms are translucent, the colored media will show through the colonies, and the colonies will appear to have the same color as the media.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

In colony morphology, 'margin' refers to what the edge of the colony looks like

A. TRUE B. FALSE

In colony morphology, 'size' relates to the size of the bacterial cell

A. TRUE B. FALSE

In colony morphology, 'transparency' is how much light is able to pass through the colony.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

In the acid-fast stain, a green stain (carbolfuchsin) is cooked into the waxy cell wall, and cannot be removed with acidified alcohol.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

It is useful clinically to have a stain for rapid identification of Mycobacterium in sputum or skin scrapings.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Mycobacterium are unusual in that the cell wall has a mixture of waxy lipids called mycolic acids, that prevent the bacterium from staining by simple and gram stains.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Mycobacterium grows very fast in the laboratory on a complex media.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Mycobacterium is a genus that includes the causative ages of leprosy and tuberculosis

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Non acid fast bacterium and tissue background will lose the carbolfuchsin stain when washed with acid-alcohol, becoming colorless.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Often it will take 9 weeks for visible growth of Mycobacterium in culture.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Opaque colonies block none of the light.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Size distinctions to be made include pinpoint, small, medium, and large.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Small capsules can protect the microbe from host defense mechanisms, especially phagocytosis.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Special stains are available for characteristic surface or internal components as well as for other cell components to aid in the study of microbes.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

The acid-fast stain is a differential stain for Mycobacterium and related bacteria.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

The genus Mycobacterium contains some pathogens and many saprophytic species, found in soil and water, and also on human skin and mucous membranes.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

There are different degrees of opacity.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

To examine size, observe colonies in the most densely populated quadrant of the plate (e.g., first quadrant)

A. TRUE B. FALSE

To observe elevation, it is best to look at the bottom of your plate

A. TRUE B. FALSE

To observe elevation, it is best to look at the top of your plate

A. TRUE B. FALSE

To observe opacity, hold the plate obliquely to the overhead light or place the plate over the writing of your textbook/notebook/handout.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Translucent colonies allow most of the light to pass through them; some light is blocked.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

Transparent colonies allow all of the light to pass through them.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

White colonies or translucent colonies that take on the color of the straw-colored media are termed "pigmented"

A. TRUE B. FALSE

(Start of exercise 4.1) One of the most important steps in identifying a new bacteria or one isolated from a patient's specimen is noting colony morphology

True/False

Aerosols created by splattering of cultures are caused by improper flaming and cooling of needles and loops before use.

True/False

Airborne microorganisms can contaminate sterile media and inoculating tools

True/False

All of the organisms we work with are pathogenic

True/False

All of the organisms we work with should be handled as if they are opportunistic

True/False

All of the organisms we work with should be handled as if they are pathogenic

True/False

An autoclave sterilizes by using halogenated gases

True/False

An axenic culture is a mixed culture of organism of interest.

True/False

Aseptic techniques are any techniques employed to encourage contamination.

True/False

Blow on the sterilized inoculating tools to cool them

True/False

Chlamydiae are motile, coccoid, obligate intracellular parasites.

True/False

Chlamydiae have three life forms, or stages, known as the elementary body, primary body and the reticulate body.

True/False

Chlamydiae must grow and multiply inside another cell; then they are released to infect new cells.

True/False

Colony morphology does not vary with microbial growth conditions

True/False

Colony morphology is described as how the colony or clone of cells looks on the agar surface.

True/False

Colony morphology is identical between various microbial species

True/False

Contents of tubes will spill if you lay the tube on the table or invert it

True/False

Cultural characteristics include size, form, margin, elevation, opacity, color

True/False

Everything going into the incubator must be labeled with name, microbial content and other data, using black marking tools.

True/False

Flame inoculating tools using the Bunsen burner until they are red hot in order to sterilize

True/False

Hold the tube in your nondominant hand (right-handed people should hold the tube in their left hand) and the inoculating loop in your dominant hand.

True/False

In the lab long hair must be tied back and loose clothing should be worn

True/False

Increased or specific carbohydrate content may result in more pronounced bacterial capsule synthesis, leading to very mucoid colonies.

True/False

Inoculation loops and needles are flamed before and after use.

True/False

Most Rickettsiae are transmitted by arthropods like bats

True/False

Most bacterial cultures will be incubated at 55°C for 24 to 48 hours

True/False

Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia are extremely large and cannot be cultured by ordinary methods.

True/False

Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia are not classified as true bacteria

True/False

Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia are not pathogens

True/False

Mycoplasma are pleomorphic because they have no cell wall.

True/False

Mycoplasmas are susceptible to the antibiotics which act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

True/False

Mycoplasmas can be opportunistic pathogens.

True/False

Mycoplasmas can pass through sterilizing filters, and do not stain with ordinary stains.

True/False

Never lay tubed media down vertically, at anytime—it will spill.

True/False

Non-contaminated waste goes into the autoclavable bags. Contaminated disposable waste goes into the waste basket.

True/False

Nutrients present in various media or incubation conditions may contribute to altered colony size or appearance.

True/False

Pathogenic Rickettsiae include the causative agents for typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

True/False

Psittaci and trachomatis can only be studied in cultured cells or intact animals

True/False

Rickettsiae are very small bacteria that can only grow and multiply intracellularly, as they are obligate parasites.

True/False

Rickettsiae have a cell wall that cannot be stained.

True/False

Rickettsiae must be grown in cell culture or intact animals.

True/False

Some temperatures may be restrictive or stimulating to growth of specific species.

True/False

Species of Rickettsia can cause pneumonia, urogenital and other infections and are normally found in normal mucous membrane microflora

True/False

Test tubes are fitted with loose caps that will not come off, so you can hold the tube by the cap

True/False

The mouth of test tubes and other culture vessels are to be flamed before use

True/False

There are two species of Chlamydiae responsible for human disease: psittaci (parrot fever) and trachomatis (STD, trachoma, LGV).

True/False

Typically growth media is sterilized by flaming

True/False

Wash hands with disinfectant and wipe bench tops with soap and warm water before starting any lab exercise and after all work has been completed.

True/False

When handling a petri dish with agar tilt the lid up to open it, do not completely remove it

True/False