Midlife ch6 for test 3

Even in the absence of a neurocognitive disorder, people at risk of which medical condition are more likely to experience significant memory loss?

A metabolic syndrome

With the help of the ______________, researchers in the area of cognitive aging are able to calculate the extent of attentional slowing in older adults.

Brinley plot

Older adults are more susceptible to losing which type of memory?

False memory

Training older adults to use "deep processing" to encode information more fully would involve having them follow which procedure?

Giving meaning to information such as putting words in sentences

Brinley plots illustrating the slowing of reaction time in older adults typically involve which type of data?

Graphs in which older adult data are on one axis and younger adult data on the other

An older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?

Greater sensitivity to glare

Research from the Institute of Highway Safety shows that older drivers in the U.S. faced with the challenge of making a left-hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?

Having an accident

Older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in _______ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits.

Omega-3

Virtual reality memory training, in which older adults simulated walking through various places, was found to benefit which type of cognitive ability?

Verbal memory

The ____________ hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionately slower on tasks that are more difficult.

age-complexity

The role of the central executive in working memory is to:

allocate cognitive resources to the task

Research on videogame training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:

attentional control

A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:

changes in decision-time speed

The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:

changes in the nervous system

Crowded intersections pose a particular risk for older adults not only because of the many cars, but because they often have:

confusing signs

According to the age complexity hypothesis, a(n) ___________ search task would present the greatest challenge to a normally-aging older adult.

conjuction

During working memory tasks, older adults have difficulty ____________ the brain's default network, meaning that they are less able to focus on incoming information.

deactivating

While you are at rest, the brain's ___________ is at work, processing information that you generate internally.

default network

Performance of older adults on the Stroop color-word task provides evidence of effects of aging on:

difficulties they experience in inhibiting irrelevant and potentially confusing information

Data from studies measuring the brain's electrical activation to stimuli, also known as ____________, show that older adults are less able to inhibit irrelevant information.

event-related potentials

According to research on _______________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults.

flashbulb as known as reminiscent bump

Research examining the relationship between memory and stress found that people who experience daily stresses, regardless of age, also are likely to:

have memory problems on the day they were stressed

The brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?

hippocampus

The effects of aging on working memory may be due to changes in which structure of the brain?

hippocampus

Older adults who have a low sense of memory controllability because they believe that memory decline is inevitable can also be thought of as high in:

identity accommodation

Researchers have established that when older adults are given an _________ memory test, or one in which they don't know they're being tested, they perform as well as young adults.

implicit

According to the __________hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli:

inhibitory deficit

A factor in the driving behavior of older adults is that, compared to younger adults, they are more likely to:

know how to react in an emergency

Findings on the effects of age on memory for events from the long-ago past, or remote memory, show that:

memories from events in the distant past are no better than from the present

In an n-back task, used to assess working memory, participants are asked to:

name earlier items presented in a series

Scaffolding theory in the area of cognitive aging comes closest to which concept in the area of aging and the nervous system?

neuroplasticity

On simple search tasks, where targets stand out relatively easily from distractors, older adults perform at high levels, because these tasks require:

parallel processing

According to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:

perform more poorly than otherwise

Research on prospective memory shows that older adults have more difficulty when the task involves which type of mental activity?

planning a future event

Although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:

reminiscent bump

The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:

self-confidence and need for independence

Older adults who have a low sense of memory ______________, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested.

self-efficacy

Vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ___________ memory, a process not affected by aging.

semantic

Unlike younger adults, neither middle-aged nor older individuals show a benefit to memory of having a greater amount of ________ sleep:

slow-wave

Mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of _______ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults.

source

Making older adults conscious about their age during a memory test is likely to trigger the condition known as ___________ in which their performance actually becomes worse.

stereotype threat

The ability to respond to stimuli in the periphery, relevant to the driving skills of older adults, is called:

useful field of view