midterm

Case Study 1Mr. Scott has not been to a dentist in 7 years. His medical history contains no contraindications for treatment. Clinical findings reveal recession on the facial surfaces of all premolar and canine teeth and amalgam restorations in molars with worn margins. The gingival tissue is relatively healthy; there is minimal bleeding on probing in interproximal areas, and pocket depths are 1 to 3 mm. Reference: Ref 1-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. Which of the following findings is subjective data?

The patient has not been to the dentist in 7 years.

Which of the following is secondary prevention?

The treatment of early disease

Which of the following refers to primary prevention?

Fluoride to prevent caries

Case Study 1Scott Reagin is a new patient to your office. He is 67 years old and takes hypertension medication daily. Upon review of his medical information, he has no other significant health factors. Reference: Ref 7-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. At the conclusion of dental hygiene treatment, why would you place Mr. Reagin in an upright position for a few minutes?

To avoid possible postural hypotension

Which of the following is a description of the Trendelenburg position?

Patient is reclined back and down so the head is lower than the heart.

Cross-contamination refers to the spread of microorganisms from one source to another; this may include which of the following?

Person to person, person to inanimate object, and inanimate object to person

You are communicating with a patient who is blind. The patient's blindness is an example of which type of barrier to communication?

Physiological

Which of the following is the proper order for processing contaminated instruments?

Place cassette in ultrasonic cleaner, hand scrub as necessary, rinse and dry instruments, package for sterilizing

Which of the following is not a core value in dental hygiene?

Profitability

Case Study 1Mr. Scott has not been to a dentist in 7 years. His medical history contains no contraindications for treatment. Clinical findings reveal recession on the facial surfaces of all premolar and canine teeth and amalgam restorations in molars with worn margins. The gingival tissue is relatively healthy; there is minimal bleeding on probing in interproximal areas, and pocket depths are 1 to 3 mm. Reference: Ref 1-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. Which of the following would be a correct dental hygiene diagnostic statement for Mr. Scott?

Recessions on facial surfaces related to incorrect toothbrushing

Which link in the chain of infection is the site where the invading organisms live and multiply?

Reservoir

A. The correct indication for a routine handwash is before and after treating each patient.B. Also the correct indication for a routine handwash is after leaving the dental operatory.

Statement A is true; statement B is false.

In which step in the resolution of an issue or dilemma should the dental hygienist ask, "Does the scope of practice apply to the situation?"

Step 4: case parameters

The herpes virus remains latent in the nerves after the initial infection and may reoccur when triggered by which of the following?

Stress and dental trauma

Case Study 1Scott Reagin is a new patient to your office. He is 67 years old and takes hypertension medication daily. Upon review of his medical information, he has no other significant health factors. Reference: Ref 7-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. In what working position would you place Mr. Reagin before you begin treatment?

Supine

Which of the following best defines prognosis?

The expected outcome of treatment

For which patient age group is engagement in parallel actions to demonstrate, rather than directly assisting, an effective communication strategy?

Toddlers and preschoolers (ages 1 to 5)

Criteria for the selection of an ideal disinfectant include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Unique odor

Case Study 1Scott Reagin is a new patient to your office. He is 67 years old and takes hypertension medication daily. Upon review of his medical information, he has no other significant health factors. Reference: Ref 7-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. How should the patient chair be positioned when you leave the operatory to retrieve Mr. Reagin from the waiting area?

Upright

How should the patient chair be positioned when the patient first enters the operatory?

Upright position

What are loupes?

Vision magnification eyewear

In which case is deferral of dental treatment illegal?

When a patient states that he or she has HIV on the health history

Which one of the following statements is true?

A biofilm of microorganisms can form on the inside of the waterline tubings during overnight standing.

Of the six essential links in the chain of disease transmission, hands may serve as which three?

A means of transmission, a reservoir, and a port of entry

Which of the following are at high risk of developing a latex allergy?

A person allergic to bananas, a person with spina bifida, and healthcare workers

Case Study 1Mrs. Singh, a new patient at the dental practice, is originally from India. She is elderly and is limited in her ability to speak English. Upon examination, the dental hygienist finds signs of gingivitis and lack of flossing. When the hygienist asks Mrs. Singh whether she flosses, Mrs. Singh nods her head. Reference: Ref 3-1 You are able to have Mrs. Singh's husband, who speaks fluent English, join you and Mrs. Singh in the treatment room. An example of motivational interviewing with Mrs. Singh and her husband would be which of the following?

"Mrs. Singh, do you understand how flossing improves your dental health?"

In what year was serologic testing of blood for HIV instituted?

1985

As of 2014 _________ states allow dental hygienists to provide direct access care in a variety of community settings.

37

Which of the following is a biologic contaminant that occurs in solid or liquid form, is invisible, and may remain suspended in the air for long periods?

Aerosol

Who should wear protective eyewear?

All dental personnel and the patient should wear protective eyewear

Which of the following is not a purpose for the clinician being in a neutral position?

Allow the clinician to stretch and build muscle tone while treating the patient

Which of the following is an example of nonvocal verbal communication?

An e-mail

Case Study 1Mr. Scott has not been to a dentist in 7 years. His medical history contains no contraindications for treatment. Clinical findings reveal recession on the facial surfaces of all premolar and canine teeth and amalgam restorations in molars with worn margins. The gingival tissue is relatively healthy; there is minimal bleeding on probing in interproximal areas, and pocket depths are 1 to 3 mm. Reference: Ref 1-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. What is thefirstcomponent of the dental hygiene process of care to be initiated for Mr. Scott?

Assess the patient.

The dental hygiene process of care is composed of which of the following six components?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Documentation

When should standard precautions be practiced?

At all times for all patients

At what level should the patient be in relationship to the clinician when the patient is in the supine position?

At elbow level

During the assessment phase of the dental hygiene process of care, the dental hygienist collects which of the following types of data?

Both subjective and objective information

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a gown or uniform worn in the dental office?

Buttons or snaps up the front

Which two infections are caused by the varicella-zoster virus?

Chickenpox and shingles

When considering cord management, which one of the following is true?

Care is needed that cords can be sanitized

Which one of the following is the correct agent to use for an antiseptic handwash?

Chlorhexidine

Utility or heavy-duty gloves are used for which of the following procedures?

Cleanup and setup of the dental operatory and processing of contaminated dental instruments

Which one of the following is a type IV hypersensitivity to latex?

Contact dermatitis develops 8 hours to 5 days after contact.

Case Study 1Mrs. Singh, a new patient at the dental practice, is originally from India. She is elderly and is limited in her ability to speak English. Upon examination, the dental hygienist finds signs of gingivitis and lack of flossing. When the hygienist asks Mrs. Singh whether she flosses, Mrs. Singh nods her head. Reference: Ref 3-1 Which of the following is the primary communication barrier between the dental hygienist and Mrs. Singh?

Cultural

Which of the following is not a Healthy People 2020 objective related to direct patient care?

Decision-making should be solely the responsibility of providers.

Who is the father of dental hygiene?

Dr. Alfred C. Fones

Of the following methods of sterilization, which one requires the longest time to complete?

Dry heat

Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal disinfectant?

Economical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial

Case Study 1Mr. Scott has not been to a dentist in 7 years. His medical history contains no contraindications for treatment. Clinical findings reveal recession on the facial surfaces of all premolar and canine teeth and amalgam restorations in molars with worn margins. The gingival tissue is relatively healthy; there is minimal bleeding on probing in interproximal areas, and pocket depths are 1 to 3 mm. Reference: Ref 1-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. Considering there is overlap of the three types of services provided by the dental hygienist, which would be the primary type of service for toothbrushing instructions given to Mr. Scott?

Educational

Which of the following are examples of dental specialties?

Endodontics, public health, and prosthodontics

Is the statement true or false?Blood, suctioned fluids, or other liquid waste may be carefully poured into a closed container and placed into the biohazard trash in compliance with applicable local regulations.

False

Which of the following is the best recommendation for preparation of disinfectants?

Follow manufacturer's directions

When should the face mask be changed?

For each patient, when it becomes wet, and at least every hour

Case Study 1Scott Reagin is a new patient to your office. He is 67 years old and takes hypertension medication daily. Upon review of his medical information, he has no other significant health factors. Reference: Ref 7-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. How should you address and introduce yourself to Mr. Reagin when you enter the waiting area?

Good morning, Mr. Reagin; I am Delia Thomas, the dental hygienist.

Choose the correct order of preparation for personal protective equipment (PPE) for the dental hygienist.

Gown, mask, glasses, gloves

Case Study 1Scott Reagin is a new patient to your office. He is 67 years old and takes hypertension medication daily. Upon review of his medical information, he has no other significant health factors. Reference: Ref 7-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. As Mr. Reagin hands you his bifocals, what should you do next?

Hand him protective eyewear to wear during treatment

What is the best way to break the chain of transmission of hepatitis A?

Handwashing

Which standard precaution or precautions may be used to inactivate an infectious agent and break the chain of disease transmission?

Handwashing and disinfection

The set of cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of a patient to obtain, understand, or respond to health messages is known as which of the following?

Health literacy

Which types of hepatitis have immunizations available?

Hepatitis A and B

Which virus can lead to cirrhosis?

Hepatitis B

Which types of hepatitis are spread through blood transmission?

Hepatitis B and C

Which of the following are basic immunizations recommended for healthcare workers?

Hepatitis B vaccine; measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines; and influenza vaccine

Which type of hepatitis is present only when the person has hepatitis B also?

Hepatitis D

Which of the following is herpetic whitlow?

Herpes of the finger

Which of the following is not true concerning a written exposure control plan?

Once completed, it will not need to be revised.

Case Study 1Mr. Scott has not been to a dentist in 7 years. His medical history contains no contraindications for treatment. Clinical findings reveal recession on the facial surfaces of all premolar and canine teeth and amalgam restorations in molars with worn margins. The gingival tissue is relatively healthy; there is minimal bleeding on probing in interproximal areas, and pocket depths are 1 to 3 mm. Reference: Ref 1-1 Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. Minimal interproximal bleeding upon probing could lead to a diagnosis of gingivitis. What component of the dental hygiene care plan would the introduction of daily flossing be?

Implementation

Which of the following statements is true?

Indicator tape does not serve to test for true sterilization.

Which one of the following is a barrier to effective health communication?

Individuals do not relate well to each other.

Which of the following is the primary transmission route for tuberculosis (TB)?

Inhalation

The first licensed dental hygienist was:

Irene Neuman.

Which of the following is an autoclave?

It is sterilization achieved by steam under pressure

Which of the following is not a criterion for selecting an appropriate glove for use in the dental operatory?

Length of glove cuff meets cuff of long-sleeve gown.

Herpes simplex I, also known as HHV-1 or HSV-1, can occur in which of the following areas?

Lips, fingers, and eyes

Hepatitis is inflammation of which organ?

Liver

Which of the following is not true concerning a clinician's hair while treating patients?

Longer hair should be fastened in a nonswinging ponytail or braid

Which of the following is the least preferred method of precleaning instruments before sterilization?

Manual cleaning

In the classification of inanimate objects, which one of the following is considered semicritical?

Mirror

Which of the following is an advantage of sterilization by steam under pressure?

Most economical

Chemicals that may break down the integrity of latex gloves include all of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

Nitrile

Immunization for which disease is particularly important for female employees of childbearing age?

Rubella

Which one of the following is NOT a factor in affecting glove integrity?

Short fingernails

Which of the following is not correct positioning for a clinician in neutral position?

Shoulders are relaxed and perpendicular with the hips and floor.

Which of the following should you do when cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in the operatory?

Spray and leave the surfaces wet when finished

Which of the following would not be correct procedure after an exposure incident?

Squeeze the wound to express as much blood as possible

What is it called when all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious with blood-borne pathogens?

Standard precautions

A. Eye protection for the dental team members and patients is necessary to prevent physical injuries and infections of the eyes. B. Removal of a mask in the treatment room immediately following the use of aerosol-producing procedures permits direct exposure to airborne organisms.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. Handwashing is considered the most important single procedure for the prevention of cross-contamination. B. Hands should be washed before gloving and after glove removal.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. High-level disinfectants inactivate spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. B. Intermediate-level disinfectants inactivate all forms of microorganisms but do not destroy spores.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. Preprocedural rinsing and other oral hygiene measures help to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. B. Preprocedural rinsing and other oral hygiene measures decrease the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. The dental hygiene diagnosis identifies the patient's health behaviors that the dental hygienist is licensed to treat. B. It provides the basis on which the dental hygiene treatment plan is designed, implemented, and evaluated.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. The incubation period is the interval between inoculation by an infectious agent and the first clinical signs or symptoms of the disease. B. The window period is the time between exposure and the presence of detectable serum antibodies.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. Tuberculosis is a drug-resistant illness. B. Drug resistance may mean it is necessary to prescribe several drugs to kill all the microorganisms.

Statement A is correct and statement B is correct.

A. HIV is an attack on the body's immune system. B. The incubation period for HIV is typically no longer than 2 years from establishment of infection to appearance of symptoms of AIDS.

Statement A is correct and statement B is incorrect.

A. Organic debris left on an instrument may prevent sterilization from occurring. B. In a dry heat sterilizer timing begins when instruments are placed in the sterilizer and it is turned on.

Statement A is correct and statement B is incorrect.

A. With adequate light, efficiency increases, treatment time is increased, and patient cooperation increases. B. Advantages of the use of two clinic lights have been demonstrated with a supine patient position in a contoured chair.

Statement A is false; statement B is true

A. Keep a written record of dates when processing tests and biologic monitor tests are performed for each sterilizer. B. Perform tests made monthly on the same day to simplify remembering.

Statement A is true; statement B is false

Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is a fall in blood pressure associated with __________, syncope, and blurred vision that occurs upon standing or when standing motionless in a fixed position.

dizziness

The correct glove to choose when providing dental hygiene care is one which:

is impervious to materials routinely used during clinical procedures

The professional dental hygiene practice is responsible to provide only those services allowed within the scope of practice which is outlined by:

the Dental Hygiene Practice Act of each state