Midterm Chumiecki

Which of the following conditions in required for simple diffusion to occur?

A concentration gradient

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative expplanation

In all organisms, substances are transported in and out of cells. What is required for the process of active but not for the process of passive transport?

ATP

Sodium ions are pumped from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. Which process does this represent?

Active transport

We observe that our hair grows and that our wounds heal. Which part of the cell theory represents this observation?

All cells come from preexisting cells

Why does the study of cell membranes lead to better understanding of cell function

All materials needed for cell functions must pass through the cell membrane

Which of the following statements is not a fundamental idea of the cell theory?

All organisms contain prokaryotic cells

From its atomic number 19, it is possible to predict that the potassium, atom has

B and c are correct

Which type of cell has genetic material that is housed in the nucleus?

Both plant and animal cells

What will happen to an animal cell placed in an extremely high salt water hypertonic solution?

Both processes require energy

A student in biology puts a sample of pond water on a slide and views it under a light microscope. The student observes a living, moving cell and draws a picture to represent what he saw. What eternal structures can be identified in the picture.

Cell wall and flagella

Which of the following sequences of organization is likely to be seen in a multicellular organisms, going from the smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, system

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

Cells form through spontaneous generation.

At a cooking demonstration, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworm (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide?

Celulose

The digram below shows a drawing of a cell. Which is not pictured in the drawing.

Central vacuole

Which organelle is associated with photosynthesis

Chloroplast

What is the function of a selectively permeable membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the name of the semi-fluid environment inside the plasma membrane called?

Cytoplasm

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.

The ___ variable is measured or observed during a scientific experiment

Dependent

What is the primary difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion is the movement of any substance from high to low concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water from high to low concentration.

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of a glucose molecule bonded to a galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

Disaccharide

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Endocytosis

Which protein is mismatched to its function

Enzymes - transport oxyen

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Molecules that are too large to be moved across the membrane can be removed from the cell by which process?

Exocytosis

Phospholipid molecules in a mewmbrane are arranged with their ____ on the exterior and their ____ on the interior.

Hydrophillic heads; hydrophobic tails

Explain why ice floats on water.

Ice floats on water because ice has a lower density then water so ice doesn't break water's hydrogen bonds.

What is the role of ATP in the process of active transport

It provides the energy that cells need to move molecules against a concentration gradient.

Different types of biological macromolecules interact at the cell membrane. Some of these interactions are illustrated in the diagram below. Which statement accurately describes the interrelated of three types of macromolecules at the cell membrane.

Lipids make up the membrane, proteins form channels in the membrane, and certain carbohydrates pass through the channels to move in and out of the cell.

Which structure is usually present only in animal cells?

Lysosome

Which organelle digests worn-out organelles or food particles

Lysosomes

The SI unit of measure for length is

Meters

Which organelle is most responsible for ATP production

Mitochondria

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with the molecule that it produces

Mitochondrion - ATP

Which of these is a hypothesis?

My car's battery is dead.

Where is a cell's genetic material contained

Nucleus

THe process by which water passes into or out of the cell is called?

Osmosis

What are three characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest that they might have evolved from free living prokaryotes in distant past?

Own membrane, Own DNA, Reproduction

The type of bond that forms between amino acid monomers joining them into proteins?

Peptide

What do all cells have in common

Plasma membrane

Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs?

Plasma membrane and nuclear membrane

Bacteria are what type of cell?

Prokaryotic

1802, Hans Bauer identified an additional envelope in the interior of some cells., He proposed two categories of cells: those which contained this "nuclear enveloped" and those did not. In hindsight, what types of cells were being distinguished b Bauer's categorization

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

While studying the planet Mars, a. NASA scientist discov ers some living cells. She notices that each cell lacks a nucleus, but contains ribosomes, and has a cell membrane. What type of cell should she suspect she discovered.

Prokaryotic cell

Most cell membranes are composed principally of what two substances?

Proteins and lipids

According to the pH values in the table 9, the solution which has as many hydrogen ions (H+) as hydroxide ions (OH-) and is neutral is

Pure water

What is the main function of a selectively permeable cell membrane?

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Which of the following is a characteristic of life

Respond to stimuli

The Rough ER is so named because it has an abundance of

Ribosomes

The cell membrane of red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon doxide to pass through. Because other substances are b locked from entering the cell, what is the cell membrane considered

Semi-permeable

The nucleus of a calcium atom contains 20 neutrons and 20 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement?

The calcium atom has a mass number of approximately 40 and an atomic number of 20

What does the flow of water molecules in and out of the cell depend on?

The concentration of water molecules inside and outside of the cell

An investigation was set up to study the movement of water through a membrane. The results are shown in the diagram below, Based on these results,m which placed in a beaker containing a water solution in which the salt concentration is much higher than the salt concentration in the red blood cells.

The red blood cells will lose water and decrease in size

What is Biology

The study of life

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

How do hypotheses differ from theories?

Theories are a set of hypothesis supported by a great deal of scientific data

MAny scientists think that mitochondria in eukaryotic cells originated as indepentent prokaryotes. Which characteristic of mitochondria most strongly supports this conclusion

They lack membrane-bound organelles but include their own DNA

In active transport, carrier proteins carry out which function?

They move substances from a low concentration to high concentration with the use of ATP

What moves much needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane?

Transport proteins

AN analogy often used to describe a eukaryotic cell is that of a city, with the cell membrane acting as "city walls" the mitochondria as power plants, and so on. Which of these analogies describing other eukaryotic cell structures is accurate

Vacuole - grocery store

What will most likely occur when a cell is placed into saline solution that has a lower salt concentration than inside the cell?

Water molecules will move until the salt concentration is the same both inside and outside the cell.

State the hypothesis that you think the above experiment may have been designed to test.

With more fertilizer the plant will grow more leaves.

A substance that moves across the cell membrane without using the cell's energy tends to move

away from the area where it is more concentrated

What is a the smallest biological unit

cell

Animals have skeletons to provide and plants do not? Where do plants get their structural support from?

cell wall — made up of cellulose

What are the basic units of life

cells

Which of the following structures would be present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?

chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?

cytoplasm

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

different side chains (R groups) attached to central carbon

Which of the following are storage polysaccharides?

glycogen and starch

Some animals use large amounts of energy while performing normal activities. What organelles do these animals most likely have large numbers of in their muscle cells.

mitochondria

Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method?

observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion

Glucose is not able to pass through a semi-permeable cell membrane. If the cells need sugar to make ATP and carry out cellular processes, how does the sugar get into the cell?

passive transport by facilitated diffusion

Which structures below contains polar and non-polar ends and forms the plasma membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following is not a function of Golgi apparatus?

produces proteins

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

ribosome

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

ribosome - protein synthesis

In a scientific experiment, the control group

serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group

What does adaptation mean in a biological context

the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time