Midterm Exam Study Guide Psy 210

The trust versus mistrust stage

What is Erik Erikson's first psychosocial task?

Constantly doing, planning, playing, getting together with friends, and achieving

What is the middle-childhood psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

REM

When newborns fall asleep, they immediately go into the _____ phase of sleep and spend most of their time in this state.

Information processing approach

Which approach uses a computer metaphor to understand cognition?

Hormones

_____ are chemical substances released into the bloodstream that target and change organs and tissues.

Erikson

_____ devised the psychosocial stages of development in which toddlers focus on autonomy.

A difficulty someone would have with perspective-taking

_____ is defined by deficits in theory of mind.

Autobiographical

_____ memories refer to the ability to understand one has a life history or recall past experiences or events.

Harlow

_____ separated baby monkeys from their mothers at birth and raised them in a cage with a wire-mesh mother and a cloth mother.

Learning and short-term memory processes.

Undernutrition impairs the development of:

Seletive attention

A child's ability to filter out extraneous information and focus on what he or she needs to know is called:

compares different population groups at a single point in time.

A cross-sectional study compares people

Collectivists

A culture that values social harmony over individual achievement is called:

Temperament

A person's characteristic, inborn style of dealing with the world is called:

Teratogens

A substance that can cross the placenta and harm a developing fetus is called a:

Dendrite

A treelike branching structure of a neuron is called a(n):

25

At about what age can one expect the brain to be fully mature?

Life expectancy

At birth, a person's 50-50 chance of living to a given age is called the:

Bowlby

Attachment theory was formulated by:

Trimester

Pregnancy can be divided into three segments, called:

Stunting

Children who are very short due to a chronic lack of adequate nutrition suffer from:

The Language Acquisition Device

Chomsky believed that language is biologically part of being human. His term for the hypothetical brain structure that allows the human species to learn language is the _____ device.

DNA

Chromosomes are composed of the genetic material called:

Preattachment

During the first 3 months of life, babies are in what Bowlby called the _____ phase.

Conservation

In Piaget's theory, _____ refers to a child's knowledge that a substance remains the same despite changes to its shape or form.

Young children

In the United States, poverty is currently MOST prevalent among:

Childhood

Lifespan development began as the study of:

Ages 6 to 11

Middle childhood refers to boys and girls aged:

Non predictable

Non-normative transitions are _____ life changes that occur during development.

Predictable

Normative changes are ______ life changes that occur during development

Cohernt

One's _____ is one's age group—the people with whom one travels through life.

Milyne sheet

The _____ acts as a lubricant that permits neural impulses to speedily flow.

Ovaries

The _____ is an almond-shaped organ where the ova are located.

Axons

The _____ of a neuron transmits messages to other neurons.

Frontal lobe

The brain region involved in higher reasoning is the:

Teology

The earliest date at which a baby can possibly live outside the womb is the:

Head Start

The federal program that provides free high-quality preschool specifically to low-income children in the United States is called:

Age of viability

The mass-to-specific sequence of development refers to the principle that prenatal development proceeds from:

Syntax

The name for a system of grammatical rules in language is:

Cerebral cortex

The outer, furrowed mantle of the brain is called the:

Gerotyology

The scientific study of aging is called?

co-sleeping with a parent

The standard sleeping arrangement in collectivistic cultures is:

Heritability

The term for the degree to which a behavior is shaped by genetic forces is:

birth defects, low birthweight, and preterm birth

The top-ranking cause of infant mortality in the United States is:

ADHD

The top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children today, affecting 1 in 10 children, is:

Between ages of 4-5

Theory-of-mind abilities emerge:

Hostile attributional bias.

This is aggressive behavior that is repeatedly carried out via electronic media and is potentially more harmful than traditional bullying.

Attachment

This is not only the core of infancy but the core of life itself.

Reactive aggression

This type of aggression occurs in response to being hurt, threatened, or deprived.

Infant and Childhood life.

Two specific areas in human development include _______ and ______-