MIDTERM EXAMINATION

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction: a. Circumduction b. Dorsiflexion c. Adduction d. Abduction

A

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. a. irregular bones b. flat bones c. sesamoid bones d. short bones

A

Calcium ions will cause the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner as to expose the actin binding sites. The calcium ions are released from the __________. a. sarcoplasmic reticulum b. presynaptic vesicles from the axon c. z-lines d. sarcomere

A

Cranial nerve II refers to the __________. a. Optic nerve b. Trochlear nerve c. Olfactory nerve d. Oculomotor nerve

A

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. a. short bones b. flat bones c. irregular bones d. sesamoid bones

A

Pectoral girdle connects the upper limbs. The pelvic girdle is composed of the clavicle and the scapula. a. First statement is true. Second statement is false. b. Both statements are true. c. Both statements are false. d. First statement is false. Second statement is true.

A

Plane which divides the body into anterior and posterior sections is: a. Coronal b. Sagittal c. Transverse d. Horizontal

A

Smooth muscle is both: a. involuntary and non‐striated b. voluntary and non‐striated c. voluntary and striated d. involuntary and striated

A

The innermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is: a. endomysium b. epimysium c. perimysium d. hypodermis

A

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum corneum d. Stratum granulosum

A

The skin is involved in producing which of the following vitamins? a. vitamin D b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin E

A

The skin is involved in producing which of the following vitamins? a. vitamin D b. vitamin K c. vitamin A d. vitamin E

A

There are cells in the epidermis that produce a pigment that protect against DNA mutation by UV radiation. These cells help create our skin color and a tan. What are these cells called? a. melanocytes b. Langerhans cells c. Merkel cells d. keratinocytes

A

Type of muscle fiber that is capable of slow, prolonged contractions and are not easily fatigued: a. Slow oxidative b. Fast glycolytic c. Fast oxidative-glycolytic d. None of the above

A

Where would you find the medial malleolus? a the lower end of tibia b. the hip c. in the thoracic cavity d. the cranium

A

Which among the following type of movement moves away from the midline? a. Abduction b. Circumduction c. Dorsiflexion d. Adduction

A

Which of the following cells are associated with the sensory function of skin? a. Merkel cells b. melanocytes c. keratinocytes d. Langerhans cells

A

Which of the following happens during a skeletal muscle contraction? a sarcomeres shorten and generate force b adrenaline is released into the cleft of the neuromuscular junction c sarcomeres relax and the muscle lengthens d thin filaments form clusters

A

Which of the following is not a function of simple epithelium? a. protection b. filtration c. absorption d. secretion

A

Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE of skeletal muscle? a. is not striated b. is usually attached to the skeleton c. is under voluntary control d. can have long muscle fibres

A

Which of the following epithelial tissues has a single layer of square‐shaped cells? a. stratified cuboidal epithelium b. ciliated simple columnar epithelium c. simple cuboidal epithelium d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C

An iron containing protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles. a. Calmodulin b. Myoglobin c. Dystrophin d. Hemoglobin

B

Extension of a muscle: a. decreases the angle b. increases the angle c. increases the angle & is carried out by a flexor d. is carried out by a flexor

B

Since muscle cells make and utilize an abundance of ATP (energy) for muscle activity, each muscle cell most likely has numerous __________. a. peroxisomes b. mitochondria c. lysosomes d. smooth ER

B

The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers. The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers. a. epimysium, endomysium, perimysium b. epimysium, perimysium, endomysium c. endomysium, epimysium, perimysium d. perimysium, endomysium, epimysium

B

The central nervous system is composed of: a. Ganglion b. 2 of the above only c. Spinal cord d. Brain

B

The following are the floating ribs, except: a. 12th rib b. 10th rib c. None of the above d. 11th rib

B

There is water on the inside and outside of a cell. The inside water and outside water are separated by a cell membrane that is composed of two layers of phospholipids. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the fatty acids in the cell membrane, which of the following best describes the position of the fatty acids within the membrane? a. facing away from each other b. facing towards each other c facing towards each other & facing away from each other

B

What is another name for the clavicle? a the rib b. the collarbone c. the breastbone d the pelvis

B

When muscle contracts upon stimulation, calcium ions bind to __________, which exposes the binding sites for the myosin cross‐bridges to attach to. a. myosin b. troponin c. actin d. T-tubules

B

Which of the following correctly identifies muscle components in order from largest to smallest? a. Sarcoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere b. Fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofibril c. Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofibril d. Muscle fiber, fasciculus, myofibril

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle? a maintaining tone and posture b. pumping of blood around the human body during exercise c. generation of force when it contracts d. heat production

B

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis? a. Helps prevent water loss b. Provide ultimate source of energy during glycolysis c. Protects the dermis d. Provides nutrients to the epidermis

B

Which of the following sets of reactions produce the most ATP for muscle contraction? a. glycolysis b. anaerobic c. aerobic d. conversion of creatine phosphate to creatine

C

8 bones that form the wrist: a. Phalanges b. Metacarpal c. Carpal d. tarsals

C

A joint such as the elbow joint that only moves in one plane is known as: a. A socket joint b. a saddle joint c. a hinge joint d. an arthritic joint

C

Cell membrane is: a. single‐layer cell b. membrane composed of carbohydrate c. the phospholipid layer surrounding the cell d. a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma

C

During fight or flight mode, the arrector pili _______. a. secrete sebum b. are glands on the skin surface c. are responsible for goose bumps d. can lead to excessive sweating

C

Fluid moves through a process called: a. mitosis b. diffusion c. osmosis d. exocytosis

C

Lactic acid, a byproduct of cellular respiration, is typically produced during __________ respiration. a. all of the above b. aerobic c. anaerobic d. isometric

C

Nerves that carry impulses away from the central nervous system are: a none of the above b. mixed nerves c. efferent nerves d. afferent nerves

C

Phospholipids: a. contain only non-polar tails b. contain only polar tails c. are hydrophilic and hydrophobic d. have their tails directed to the outside

C

Relaxing and contracting the masseter muscle would mean that you were: a running b. bending downwards c. chewing d. blinking

C

Standard anatomical position, except: a Body in upright position b. Body facing forward c. Palms facing backward d. Upper extremities at the sides

C

The ribs are attached to: a. the skull b. the cervical vertebrae c. the thoracic vertebrae d. the lumbar vertebrae

C

There are five essential requirements for all organisms. These are: a. pressure, spatial awareness, sight, water, food b. carbon dioxide, water, mouths, rectums, oxygen c. oxygen, pressure, heat, water, food d. food, low temperatures, carbon dioxide, oxygen, pressure

C

Water is a requirement for the body in order to help: a. provide energy b. release energy c. regulate body temperature d. keep blood flowing through the body

C

What are the layers of the skin from the top to the bottom? a. Subcutaneous tissue, epidermis, dermis b. Epidermis, dermis, blood vessels c. Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue d. Dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous tissue

C

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? a. fat storage b storage of minerals c. protection of internal organs d. facilitation of movement

C

Which is true of the autonomic nervous system? a. it does not influence any other system of the body b. it has two divisions - the somatic and voluntary divisions c. it helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure d. it is housed in the cerebrum

C

Which of the following statements is false? a. The ischial tuberosities are turned laterally in females and medially in males. b. The subpubic angle is less than 90 degrees in males and 90 degrees or more in females c. The pelvic inlet is heart-shaped in females and oval in males. d. The pelvis lighter and wider in females but larger and heavier in males

C

A boy was playing with his toys when suddenly his skin tore due to the sharp end of one of his toys. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? a. Stratum spinosum b. None of the above c. Stratum basale d. Papillary layer of the dermis

D

Antigen presenting cell: a. Keratinocytes b. Melanocytes c. Merkel cell d. Langerhans cell

D

Cells in a hypertonic solution will: a. both a and b b will remain the same c. swell and burst d. crenate and die

D

Dark band: a. I band b. M line c. H zone d. A band

D

Has intercalated disks: a. Smooth muscle b. NOTA c. Skeletal muscle d. Cardiac muscle

D

Homeostasis is: a. a combination of physical properties b. the effective use of receptors c. a measurement of acidity in the body d. the body's attempt to maintain a stable environment

D

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? a. 7 b. 4 c. 33 d. 12 e. 5

D

How much of the average adult human body is made up of skeletal muscle? a. 30% b. 10% c. 70% d. 40-50%

D

If additional ATP is required, which of the following can be used as an alternative energy source? a. troponin b. creatine phosphate c. myosin d. myoglobin

D

In a compound fracture, ________. a. the broken bone does not tear the skin b. one fragment of broken bone is compressed into the other c. the break occurs at an angle to the bone d. broken bone pierces the skin

D

Largest organ in the body: a. Lungs b. Liver c. Brain d. Skin

D

Scar tissue is generated by: a. Osteoblasts b. stem cells c. parenchymal cell d. fibroblasts

D

The binding sites for the cross‐bridges are located on __________. a. myosin b. tropomyosin c. troponin d. actin

D

The energy for muscle contraction is most directly obtained from: a. ATP b. anaerobic respiration c. phosphocreatinine d. aerobic respiration

D

The jaw bone is: a. the ischium b. the calcaneus c. the maxilla d. the mandible

D

The skull and ribs are part of: a. the appendicular skeleton b. the external skeleton c. the internal skeleton d. the axial skeleton

D

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system? a. It forms a barrier to protect your body b. Regulates body temperature c. Eliminates waste d. Movement

D

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from superficial to deep? a. stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum basale b. stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum c. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale d. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

D

Which of the following transport systems requires energy? a. osmosis b. facilitated diffusion c. simple diffusion d. sodium and potassium pump

D

Which part of the brain is closely associated with the pituitary gland? a pons b. thalamus c. epithalamus d. hypothalamus

D

Which structures are involved in the control of respiration? a somatic and sensory nervous system b. thalamus and epithalamus c. cerebellum and cerebrum d. pons and medulla oblongata

D