Migration Flash cards
Period 2.1 C)English colonization efforts attracted a comparatively large number of male and female British migrants, all of whom sought social mobility, economic prosperity, religious freedom, and improved living conditions. These colonists focused on agriculture and settled on land taken from Native Americans, from whom they lived separately.
* English focused on settler colonies predominantly * Pilgrims and Puritans came to establish their own churches, as well as acquiring substantial amounts of land for farming [Pilgrims, separatists, William Bradford, Thanksgiving] [Puritans, John Winthrop, City Upon a Hill/errand into the wilderness, predestination, conversion experience, Roger Wiliams, Anne Hutchinson, English Civil War, Halfway Covenant, Salem witch trials] * Jamestown attracted settlers through the profits from tobacco, self-government with the House of Burgesses, and the headright system, which offered the chance to grow wealthy * Pennsylvania offered land and religious toleration * Maryland was a Catholic refuge, although Protestants outnumbered Catholics and rejected Act of Toleration * Rhode Island offered religious toleration
Period 2.2 C)The middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops and attracted a broad range of European migrants, leading to societies with greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity and tolerance
* New York began as New Amsterdam, welcoming a variety of ethnic groups, including the first Jewish community in America * Pennsylvania was Quaker, whose pacifism and belief in an Inner Light meant welcoming all, and treating Indians relatively fairly * Scots-Irish and Germans came to Pennsylvania in large numbers * Middle colonies heavily focused on wheat * Middle colonies remained diverse and tolerant throughout their existence
Period 2.2 B) The New England colonies, initially settled by Puritans, developed around small towns with family farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.
* Puritans "errand into the wilderness" to create a "City upon a Hill" demanded that all male settlers be treated roughly equally, so land was evenly distributed * Puritans migrated as church communities, and laws required them to live closely together, near churches and schools, with a communal need to enforce laws based on Bible and a national covenant that discouraged tolerance and diversity * Puritans required conversion experience for membership, which then allowed males to vote in Massachusetts * New England grew corn and beans, and fished, which they then sold to the South and Caribbean colonies; NE bought molasses and made rum; trade built them into shipping power
Waves of immigration and internal migration westward further altered the demography of North America following independence in 1776. c. Briefly explain ONE difference between Irish and German immigrants of the early 19th century.
As the Irish and the German immigrants came into the United States they were treated with a different attitude. Irish immigrants fled to America to escape a famine in their homeland and they were immediately pushed to the bottom to the chain. The bottom meaning; they were forced into awful living and working conditions. On the other hand German immigrants were more commonly found living with friend/family. German immigrants were allowed to attend school to get "Americanized" as they faced much less discrimination from natives.
The British dominated North America by 1763 due to military campaigns, demographics, and westward migration. a. Briefly explain ONE way Great Britain dominated North American colonization by the 18th century.
British culture dominated in the colonies. Many British merchants were relatively affluent and created a consumer culture that associated the acquisition of material goods with virtue and refinement. British tea, linens, and glassware came to be seen as necessities for colonists in the upper middle classes.
Effect- The American System suggested a high Tariff. This was put in place when the "Tariff of Abominations" was passed in 1828. This led to the South feeling more neglected by the federal government because they felt the north was favored.
Cause- American System
Effect- The Wounded Knee is just one example of American Indian resistances.
Cause- Champion efforts, American Indian resistance.
Effect- The growth of manufacturing led to an increase in prosperity and a better way of life for the middle class. This in turn also increased population within the poor working class.
Cause- Increase in Southern cotton production and growth of northern manufacturing.
Effect- One very obvious effect of a large number of immigrants moving to the cities is that there was a increase in hatred for immigrants. The immigrants were willing to work for less money which led some business to refuse to even hire them.
Cause- Large numbers of international migrants moved to industrializing northern cities
Effect- As a result of the south relying heavily on exporting agriculture goods they were more prone to developing and not become as industrial as the north. Being strictly ag based was the souths identity and this made it much easier for the north to develop industrially.
Cause- Southern dependence on production and export of agricultural staples
Effect- After the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase, the Indian Removal Act was passed in 1830. Although some tribes went peacefully this led the Americans to forcefully moving tribes, such as the Cherokee, off of land so that the Americans could claim it as theirs.
Cause- United States seeking influence and control over the Western Hemisphere
Effect: There were new economic opportunities for women, international migrants, and internal migrants.
Cause: A majority of the U.S. population lived in urban centers
Effect: Attracted immigrants from Asia, Southern and Eastern Europe, and encouraged internal migration of African Americans. Many moved to escape religious persecution, and to find social mobility. Example; Mass migration of African Americans to Chicago.
Cause: Cities became areas of economic growth thanks to new factories and businesses.
Effect: Development of mixed agriculture and hunter-gatherer economies Example: Woodlands Indians hunted, fished, and gathered when those resources were plentiful but also practiced farming so that they always had enough food.
Cause: Development of permanent villages
Effect: Caste system created by the Spanish to define the status of different races Example: "Las Castas" or the Casta System was a hierarchical social class system instituted by Hispanic elites during Spanish colonial times.
Cause: Diverse population
Effect: Led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration and increased barriers to Asian immigration.
Cause: During and after World War I, nativists led campaigns against some ethnic groups
Effect: Led to calls for a stronger financial regulatory system.
Cause: Episodes of credit and market instability
Effect: Introduction of slavery to the Americas Example: Columbian Exchange, Triangle Trade
Cause: European traders forcibly extracted slaves from Africa for plantations and mining in the Americas.
Effect: Many Americans migrated to urban centers in search of economic opportunities.
Cause: Increased war production and labor during World War I and World War II and economic difficulties
Effect: Encomienda system Example: Don Juan De Onate distributed encomiendas which licensed the Spanish to take local Natives for labor
Cause: Labor shortages in the plantation-based agriculture, mining, and extraction of other resources
Effect: Exanding in leisure time, and the growth of the middle class. Example; Passing of overtime pay laws, and regulation of working hours.
Cause: Need for managers, and clerical workers, and increase in access to educational institution.
Effect: The U.S. economy began to focus on the production of consumer goods, standards of living went up, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems.
Cause: New technologies and manufacturing techniques
Effect: African Americans moved to the North and West in the Great Migration.
Cause: Segregation, racial violence, and limited economic opportunities in the South
Effect: Deadly epidemics spread among the Native population Example: measles, typhus, tuberculosis
Cause: Spanish exploration & conquest of the Americas and also the introduction of foreign crops & animals
Effect: Cheynne and other hunter-gatherers of Bison; no agriculture due to nomadic lifestyle
Cause: The Great plains were arid
Effect: Native American societies of the western Great Plains developed largely mobile lifestyles.
Cause: The Great plains were arid.
Effect: Economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among early Native American Societies.
Cause: The Spread of maize cultivation from present-day Mexico northward into the present-day American Southwest and beyond
Effect: Development of largely mobile lifestyles Example: Plains Indians followed the bison as they were their main food source due to the unfavorable farming conditions
Cause: The aridity (dryness) of the Great Basin and the grasslands of the Western Great Plains
Effect: New cultural opportunities arose for city dwellers. Example; African American music, and the development of ragtime.
Cause: Urban neighborhoods based on particular ethnicity, races, and classes came into being.
Effect: Development of settled communities (1491-1607) Example: The Chumash Indians in California gathered food from the wild. Their main source of food was seafood such as mussels, ocean fish, clams, and sharks.
Cause: Vast resources of the ocean, hunting and gathering
Effect: - Mexican Aztecs, Peruvian Incas, and Central American Mayas - Developed sophisticated societies - The amount of maize, or Indian corn, that the Native Americans harvested was enough to feed up to twenty million people. -The cultivation of maize was so vital to the lives of early Native Americans that it gave them a reason to settle down. (Began the decline of nomadic lifestyles) -The maize inspired the complex and efficient irrigation system that the Pueblos invented specifically for their cornfields. -The Anasazi were able to sustain large-scale settlements due to corn planting. -Gradually, the maize then spread to further into North America. It allowed the "three-sister" farming, which was the farming of beans, squash, and maize at once. The farming-method was able to produce dense populations of Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, and other Native American peoples.
Cause: maize cultivation
Effect: Immigrants are provided with social services. Example;
Cause:Political machines thrive in an urban enviornment.
The British dominated North America by 1763 due to military campaigns, demographics, and westward migration. a. Briefly explain ONE way Colonists and Natives worked together cooperatively during the Colonial Era.
Chickasaw Wars (British worked with Chickasaw against French) OR the French and Indian War. Many American Indian tribes fought alongside the French against the British.
The British dominated North America by 1763 due to military campaigns, demographics, and westward migration. b. Briefly explain ONE way Colonists conflicted with Natives during the Colonial Era.
Due to the want of more land, American colonists pushed westward taking land from Native Americans. The Battle of Fallen Timbers showed the U.S. that they could easily push tribes out of the mid-west and take whatever land they desired.
Participation in WWI led to increased xenophobia in the United States. c. Briefly explain ONE way that the Red Scare of the 1920's compares to racial conflict in northern cities following the Great Migration.
During WWI, there was a perception among many Americans that there were leftist spies in the U.S. The U.S. Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer, conducted raids on immigrants who were suspected of sympathizing with the left. This was due to fear and suspicion more than evidence. Similarly, when tens of thousands of African-Americans moved to northern cities looking for work and trying to escape the Jim Crow south, they met resistance based on fear and suspicion. Northern African Americans who were already in cities viewed them as backward country-folk who would only increase prejudice against ALL African Americans. Nevertheless, black communities expanded and conflict ensued because of the racism of whites. In East St. Louis, Illinois, a white mob attacked a black neighborhood on July 2, 1917, burning houses and shooting residents. Some 40 people were killed.
Anti-immigrant sentiment impacted government policy. b. Briefly explain ONE difference between nativist responses to international migration during the Antebellum Era to nativist responses to international migration during the Gilded Age.
During the antebellum period the nativists responses to immigration were much more bitter. This included the formation of organizations strictly against immigrants, such as the Know-Nothing party. As time went on and it become the Gilded Age people actually had begun to feel sympathy for the awful life that these immigrants, especially the Irish, were facing. This led to Jane Addams and the Hull House, which proves that nativists responses to immigration were much less better during the Gilded Age.
Cause: Public debates over assimilation and Americanization due to a growth of international imigration rise.
Effect: Compromises between cultures increase. Exapmle; increased will of "new immigrants" to assimilate.
c. Briefly explain ONE way the settlement of the 13 English colonies in North America impacted Native Americans during the 17th and 18th centuries.
European settlement decimated the Native American population through diseases and conflicts over land and resources. The Natives that survived benefited from more diverse diets, longer lives(due to medicine), and an abundance of manufactured goods through increased trade with Europeans.
Period 2.2 E) Distance and Britain's initially lax attention led to the colonies creating self-governing institutions that were unusually democratic for the era. The New England colonies based power in participatory town meetings, which in turn elected members to their colonial legislatures; in the Southern colonies, elite planters exercised local authority and also dominated the elected assemblies.
Example: * House of Burgesses the first self-government; most other colonies followed their example * Royal governors or proprietors had to work with these representative assemblies if they wanted to get anything done * Massachusetts based franchise on church membership, while others based it largely on property ownership * New England town meetings allowed most adult white males to participate in making laws for their local communities * Planter class in the South either required substantial property to vote or hold office, or they partied with their voters to get their votes * Domestic politics and/or salutary neglect allowed American colonies to control the legislative process, especially taxation; occasional British efforts to re-assert control (Navigation Acts, Dominion of New England, Glorious Revolution) generally failed or were avoided
Period 2.2 D) ) The colonies of the southernmost Atlantic coast and the British West Indies used long growing seasons to develop plantation economies based on exporting staple crops. They depended on the labor of enslaved Africans, who often constituted the majority of the population in these areas and developed their own forms of cultural and religious autonomy
Example: * South Carolina and Georgia based on rice and indigo, and later cotton * Caribbean colonies grew sugar, the most profitable of all crops * All of these colonies used Portuguese-based slavery, which was more cruel and destructive of human dignity, because the profits from sugar were so high, and the supply of slaves so close and so cheap, that they worked their slaves to death and bought more * African slaves merged African belief systems and Christianity, producing voodoo and Santeria
Period 3.3 C) As settlers moved westward during the 1780's, Congress enacted the Northwest ordinance for admitting new states; the ordinance promoted public education, the protection of private property, and a ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory.
Example: Equal Statehood had two meanings. One of them required that every territory has at least 60,000 people before it was admitted as a state. The other meaning promoted equality among all races; there was a restriction on slavery.
Period 3.1 A) Colonial rivalry intensified between Britain and France in the mid-18th century, as the growing population of the British colonies expanded into the interior of North America, threatening French-Indian trade networks and American Indian autonomy.
Example: Fort Duquesne is one of the forts that the French set up to protect their territory fur trading networks against British intrusion. George Washington attacked the fort and injured the French leader, Ensign Joseph de Jumonville.
Period 5.II. A) Substantial numbers of international migrants continued to arrive in the United States from Europe and Asia, mainly from Ireland and Germany, often settling in ethnic communities where they could preserve elements of their languages and customs.
Example: Immigrants had trouble adjusting to their new environments so political bosses would often help them by giving them baskets of food and helping them find work. This ensured votes for the boss' desired canidate.
Period 5.I. E) U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives to create more ties with Asia.
Example: Many immigrants came from China and moved to the western United States. They mined for gold and worked to build new railroads.
Period 5.II. C) U.S. government interaction and conflict with Mexican Americans and American Indians increased in regions newly taken from American Indians and Mexico, altering these groups' economic self-sufficiency and cultures.
Example: Native Americans were forced onto reservations. They had lost their original methods of surviving and because of this, they were forced to rely on the US to provide support. The United States government also tried to assimilate them into white culture on the reservations.
Period 3.1 C) After the British victory, imperial officials' attempts to prevent colonists from moving westward generated colonial opposition, while native groups sought to both continue trading with Europeans and resist the encroachments of colonists on tribal lands.
Example: Pontiac's Rebellion was a series of battles and small skirmishes between the Ottowa Indians led by Pontiac and the English who were intruding on their land and taking away their trapping economy.
Period 3.3 B) As increasing numbers of migrants from North America and other parts of the world continued to move westward, frontier cultures that had emerged in the colonial period continued to grow, fueling social, political, and ethnic tensions.
Example: Shay's Rebellion was made up of a bunch of disgruntled farmers who were led by Daniel Shay to the capital demanding tax relief for all the farmers. (These farmers were receiving no protection or compensation for the Indian conflicts that they were getting into.)
Period 3.3 E) The Spanish, supported by the bonded labor of the local American Indians, expanded their mission settlements into California; these provided opportunities for social mobility among soldiers and led to new cultural blending.
Example: Spanish Vanqueros are cowboys or cattle herders that developed out of the cultural blending between American Indians and Spanish settlers. A new way of raising and processing cattle was developed.
Period 3.3 D) An ambiguous relationship between the federal government and American Indian tribes contributed to problems regarding treaties and American Indian legal claims relating to the seizure of their lands.
Example: The Battle of Fallen Timbers was a direct result of white settlers migrating into the middle grounds. Little Turtle led his tribe to kill 630 white Americans near the Wabash River, Indiana.
Period 3.1 B) Britain achieved a major expansion of its territorial holdings by defeating the French, but at tremendous expense, setting the stage for imperial efforts to raise revenue and consolidate control over the colonies.
Example: The British issued the Proclamation of 1763 to restrict colonists from encroaching on Native American territory and to keep control over the colonies. (Ironically, we expanded and assimilated the Native Americans, anyways.)
Period 5.I. A) The desire for access to natural and mineral resources and the hope of many settlers for economic opportunities or religious refuge led to an increased migration to and settlement in the West.
Example: The California Gold Rush caused thousands of people to flock west in 1849 in hopes of becoming rich quick.
Period 2.1 A) Spanish efforts to extract wealth from the land led them to develop institutions based on subjugating native populations, converting them to Christianity, and incorporating them, along with enslaved and free Africans, into the Spanish Colonial Society.
Example: The Encomienda System was a system that Spanish settlers used to enslave natives and convert them to Christianity.
Period 5.II. B) A strong anti-Catholic nativist movement arose that was aimed at limiting new immigrants' political power and cultural influence.
Example: The Know-Nothing Party was a political party that formed in response to the Nativist Movement. They tried to ensure that Catholic immigrants wouldn't gain prominence in the United States
Period 5.I. D) Westward migration was boosted during and after the Civil War by the passage of new legislation promoting Western transportation and economic development.
Example: The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.
Period 5.I. B) Advocates of annexing western lands argued that Manifest Destiny and the superiority of American institutions compelled the United States to expand its borders westward to the Pacific Ocean.
Example: The U.S. forced the 5 civilized tribes off their lands and relocated them onto reservations so United States citizens could build new settlements farther west.
Period 3.3 A) Various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances with Europeans, other tribes, and the U.S., seeking to limit migration of white settlers and maintain control of tribal lands and natural resources. British alliances with American Indians contributed to tensions between the U.S. and Britain.
Example: Treaty of Fort Stanwix created a boundary around the midwest that was between six different tribes of Native Americans and Great Britain. White settlers were not allowed to cross that boundary line.
Period 5.I. C) The U.S. added large territories in the West through victory in the Mexican-American War and diplomatic negotiations, raising questions about the status of slavery, American Indians, and Mexicans in the newly acquired lands.
Example: tension over slavery increased because the U.S. added new land in the South with the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Popular Sovereignty was used in deciding if the states were going to be slave or free states.
Period 2.1 B) French and Dutch colonial efforts involved relatively few Europeans and relied on trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to build economic and diplomatic relationships and acquire furs and other products for export to Europe.
Example:* Both Dutch and French traded European goods for furs * French sent in Jesuit missionaries to convert Indians and create working relationships; Jesuits learned languages and culture * French fur traders intermarried with Indians to form alliances * Dutch allied with Iroquois, whom the French opposed
Period 2.2 A) The Chesepeake and North Carolina colonies grew prosperous exporting tobacco- a labor intensive product initially cultivated by white mostly male indentured servants and later enslaved Africans.
Example:* tobacco developed by John Rolfe * headright system brought in thousands of indentured servants * only half of indentured servants survived "seasoning" * overproduction of tobacco, enforcement of Navigation Acts, and decreasing attractiveness of available land and profits dried up pool of indentured servants * Chesapeake slowly began passing laws creating race-based slavery * Bacon's Rebellion was the trigger event shifting the Chesapeake from white indentured servants to African slaves
a. Briefly explain ONE reason why Spanish and Portuguese settlers emigrated to the New World during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Many of the Spanish and Portuguese traveled to the New World only looking to get rich. They mined for gold and silver and unlike other settlers after them, the Spanish left behind nothing but destruction.
Anti-immigrant sentiment impacted government policy. a. Briefly explain ONE similarity between nativist responses to international migration during the Antebellum Era to nativist responses to international migration during the Gilded Age.
In the times of prosperity, immigration was encouraged because it benefited the economy. Anti-immigration sentiment was also hostile if the economy was going through a recession or depression; (job competition). Government policies limiting immigration would usually enacted if the economy was bad. During the Antebellum period the U.S enacted sustenance rules regarding the flow of immigration through the Steerage Act of 1819 and during the Gilded Age the U.S. tried to limit job competition by enacting the Chinese Exclusion Act which forbid any Chinese immigrants from entering the country.
Briefly explain ONE way the international migration in the 19th century was either similar or different from the Great Migration of 1914-1945.
International migration in the nineteenth consisted of thousands of European immigrants migrating to the US. These immigrants generally unskilled laborers and thus went to work in factories. They were seen as being inferior to Americans. In 1914, the Great Migration occurred. This was when thousands of African Americans living in the South migrated to the North. They also mainly consisted of unskilled laborers and worked in factories, African Americans also were seen as inferior and were discriminated against in the society.
Waves of immigration and internal migration westward further altered the demography of North America following independence in 1776. a. Briefly explain ONE difference between Scot-Irish and Irish immigrants.
Irish immigrants were highly discriminated against because they were Catholic and seen as drunks. They were mostly unskilled workers that settled in cities and worked in factories. However, Scots-Irish were highly skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs. They also were Protestant. They saw new opportunities in the west and settled on the American frontier.
The population of North America became increasingly diverse partially due to the forced migration of African Slaves from 1619-1809. a. Briefly explain ONE reason the African slave trade developed during the Age of Exploration and Colonization of the Americas.
Many of the first colonies of the Americas had one purpose, make a profit. Crops such as sugar or tobacco were very rewarding and made the colonists very rich but they required a great deal of effort and labor. Africans were seen as the best labor source when Native American labor became scarce. As more plantations developed, more slaves were needed and the African slave trade was developed.
The population of North America became increasingly diverse partially due to the forced migration of African Slaves from 1619-1809. b. Briefly explain ONE reason the economic development of Northern colonies resulted in sectional conflict over the issue of slavery.
Northern colonies were less suited to agriculture. Therefore, while agriculture was important to their development, they developed more industrially than the south did. The harsh climate of the south and the growth of plantations caused very difficult work. As the indentured servant system declined, the need for workers increased. Therefore, the south was more inclined to use slaves.
b. b. Briefly explain ONE reason why French settlers emigrated to North America during the 17th and 18th centuries.
One reason that french migrants came to North America during this time, was a desire for land and wealth. Like most other European nations of the time, France saw the "New World" as an opportunity to get rich quick, and return their wealth to Europe in triumph and glory. The French government also offered people generous terms of indentured servitude to encourage migration into the region.
c. Briefly explain ONE reason why English settlers emigrated to North America during the 17th and 18th centuries.
One reason the English settlers fled to America was to escape religious prosecution. In the 17th and 18th century the Catholics and Protestants were pushing that the religion must be uniform throughout the country. Fearing prosecution and civil unrest many Pilgrims and Catholics fled to the New World in order to practice their religion freely.
Participation in WWI led to increased xenophobia in the United States. a. Briefly explain ONE way the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia impacted the United States.
One way in which the Russian Revolution impacted the U.S., was that it increased our involvement, world war 1. After the revolution, Russia negotiated a hasty peace treaty with Germany, and withdrew from the war. This freed up German troops to fight in the western front, and increased the amount of troops needed to defend the newly shown up German troops. Now that the need for troops was greater in Europe, and because the United States decided to enter the war, it helped along the passing of the selective service act, a piece of legislation which has not been turned over to date. Not only this, but it increased a fear of communism and labor unions, known as the "Red Scare".
a. Briefly explain ONE key similarity among Spanish French, and English settlers. (1565-1763)
Spanish, French, and English settlers all came to the "New World" to improve their economy via trade or exports in order to acquire wealth very quickly: whether it was Tobacco(English), Fur(French) or African Slaves(Spanish).
Westward migration resulted in the growth of United States geographically and economically while also creating increased conflict among racial and ethnic groups. c. Briefly explain how ONE of the following impacted migration patterns in the 20th century: Compromise of 1850, Chinese Exclusion Act, Massacre at Wounded Knee
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States Federal Law signed by the president in 1882. The act prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers. Most Chinese immigrants before the Act were employed as railroad workers but afterwards, they moved into the larger cities and took menial jobs in factories.
Waves of immigration and internal migration westward further altered the demography of North America following independence in 1776. b. Briefly explain ONE similarity between colonial settlers and the first wave of immigrants into the United States in the 19th century.
The Colonial Settlers compared to the first wave of immigrants were similar because they were both driven by the desire for gold and the idea of being able to get rich quick in the "New World." They also wanted to spread Christianity around the nation.
Westward migration resulted in the growth of United States geographically and economically while also creating increased conflict among racial and ethnic groups. b. Briefly explain how ONE of the following impacted American Indians; Pacific Railway Act, Homestead Act, Dawes Act
The Dawes act of 1887 authorized the U.S. President to survey tribal lands into allotments and divide among the tribes. It was meant to protect the Native Americans' property rights but it was carried out in a way that attempted to assimilate the tribes into the American society.
The industrial revolution of the late 19th century resulted in massive internal and external migrations. b. Briefly explain ONE difference between the causes of international migration during the Antebellum Era to the causes of international migration during the Gilded Age.
The causes of international migration within the Antebellum Era were different compared to the Gilded Age. During the Antebellum Era, the California Gold Rush of 1849 was taking place and immigrants from China(Mainly single men) looked for an opportunity to get rich quick and then go back to China. While during the Gilded Age, international migration was caused by natural disasters(the Irish Potato Famine), the Homestead Act of 1862 which promised to give 160 acres of public land to new settlers, along with a shortage of work in their home country so they immigrated to America to try and find job opportunities.
b. Briefly explain ONE key difference among Spanish, French and English settlers. (1565-1763)
The colonies of Spain, France, and England varied drastically in their relations with the native populations of their regions. The Spanish colonies believed the natives were heathens because of their lifestyles and religions. Spanish settlers tried to convert them to Christianity, subjugate them, or kill them. France took a very different approach for dealing with the natives. Some tried to convert them to Christianity but overall they forged alliances with the natives and became very close with their tribes. English settlers were first friendly and relied on them for trade and help with survival. English settlers then became greedy for land and this started several conflicts with the natives.
The population of North America became increasingly diverse partially due to the forced migration of African Slaves from 1619-1809. c. Briefly explain ONE way the economic development of Southern colonies impacted American identity.
The earliest settlers to the Chesapeake region tended to be single men who were trying to make their fortunes. These 'rugged men' worked hard and believed in individualism and pulling yourself up by your bootstraps. This idea of the self-made man became part of the American notion of "rugged individualism," a term used by Herbert Hoover to describe Americans.
Westward migration resulted in the growth of United States geographically and economically while also creating increased conflict among racial and ethnic groups. a. Briefly explain ONE way Manifest Destiny impacted American Indians.
The ideology of the manifest destiny had huge impacts on Native Americans. Not only did it see them being forced to move from their tribal lands as settlers pushed them westward, but it also saw them being slaughtered in the masses when attempting to resit encroachment. One example of an armed conflict arising as a result of Manifest destiny, would be the Sand Creek Massacre. The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes attacked stagecoach lines in western Colorado as an act of resistance to the mining of their lands. An army was then raised, and 133 people, including 105 women and children, were killed.
The industrial revolution of the late 19th century resulted in massive internal and external migrations. a. Briefly explain ONE similarity between the causes of international migration during the Antebellum Era to the causes of international migration during the Gilded Age.
The influx of immigration during the Antebellum Era and the Gilded Age had largely to do with the availability of jobs in America. During these times, many industries were looking for unskilled workers that they could hire for cheap wages. The immigrants saw this economic opportunity as a big "pull" to immigrate to the United States.
Participation in WWI led to increased xenophobia in the United States. b. Briefly explain how ONE of the following illustrated xenophobia in the post WWI era: Palmer Raids, National Origins Act, Sacco and Vanzetti
Xenophobia is an intense fear of people from other countries. This was greatly displayed in the National Origins Act in 1924. The law severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded all Asians.