Ming Dynasty
Fall of Ming
1644 conquerer by Qing
How did the Chinese know it was time for a change in ruler
Disasters, such as floods and landslides, epidemic(diseases) and crop failure were viewed as a message from Heaven for change
First emperor
Emperor Hong Wu 洪武 (great military power) Chu Yuan-chang (朱元璋), a peasant, monk By throwing out Mongol dynastry (Yuan 元朝）
capitalism
private ownership (private citizen can own property) aim for make the most profit
Why did the Ming stop sailing (voyages)
some court scholars convinced Yung Le Emperor that the taste of foreign goods would lead the dynasty to decline It stopped in 1435
Zheng Ho (鄭和）（三保太監）
the Chinese Admiral who led 7 major oversea voyages
What are some ways the Hong Wu Emperor improved China
1. Centralized government (absolute monarchy) by abolishing the office of Chief Minister and set up complex rituals. 2. Beating corrupt and incompetent officials in public 3. group society in 3 hereditary classes: peasants, craftpeople, soldiers 4. Set up a Code of Laws 5. Revive scholarship and philosophy 6. Re-adopt civil-service examination (科舉） 7. Conduct surveys and censuses (丈量土地 人口普查）so as to regulate taxation
Why Ming Fall
1. Heavy taxation in late Ming 2. Aggressive military expansion of Manchus (滿人） 3. Emperors in late Ming were weak and incompetent 4. triggering event: large scale famines (飢荒)
What were a couple of "firsts" for the Ming Dynastry
1. The Ming was the first Chinese dynasty to interact/trade with Europeans 2. The Ming was the first Chinese dynasty to explore overseas by large scale voyages
Duration Ming dynastry
1368 - 1644 (276 years)
Commercial revoluation
The trades with European, American, and Japanese had made China become an urban, industrial and mercantile economy. China traded manufactured goods, such as silk textiles and porcelain with other countries' raw goods such as silver, cotton, tabaccos, potatoes, sugar.
Why did the Chinese begin to explore overseas in The Ming
Yung Le Emperor (永樂皇帝)liked imported goods and wanted to trade with other countries
Meaning of "Ming"
brilliant, bright
Mercantile economy
the economy based on: 1. colonies existed solely for the benefit of the mother country 2. real wealth and power was based on how much gold and silver a country owned
Another thing about the Ming Dynasty
the last native imperial Chinese dynasty (最後一個漢人朝代)