MIS - Chapter 6

Select

- creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the file that meet stated criteria.

physical database available for different logical views

A DBMS makes the A) physical database available for different logical views. B) logical database available for different analytical views. C) physical database available for different analytical views. D) logical database available for different physical views.

minimizing isolated files with repeated data

A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by A) enforcing referential integrity B) uncoupling program and data C) utilizing a data dictionary D) minimizing isolated files with repeated data

attribute

A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) A) field B) tuple C) key field D) attribute

a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business

A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because A) a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business B) all the information is historical C) a data mart uses a Web interface D) all of the information belongs to a single company

historic and current internal data

A data warehouse is composed of A) historical data from legacy systems B) current data C) internal and external data sources D) historic and current internal data

key field

A field identified in a record as holding the unique identifier for that record is called the A) primary key B) key field C) primary field D) unique ID

primary key

A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the A) primary key B) key field C) primary field D) unique ID

two short marks

A one-to-one relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with A) two short marks B) one short mark C) a crow's foot D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark

entity-relationship diagram

A schematic for the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n) A) data dictionary B) intersection relationship diagram C) entity-relationship diagram D) data definition diagram

CGI

An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server and back-end databases is A) CGI B) HTML C) Java D) SQL

data dictionary

An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the A) data dictionary B) data definition diagram C) entity-relationship diagram D) relationship dictionary

Data warehouses, data marts, Hadoop, in memory computing, analytical platforms

Array of tools for obtaining useful information form internal and external systems and big data

Example of big datasets

Customer behavior, Weather patterns

Microsoft Access.

DBMS for midrange computers include all of the following EXCEPT A) DB2. B) Oracle. C) Microsoft SQL Server. D) Microsoft Access.

display data in an easier-to-read format

DBMSs typically include report-generating tools in order to A) retrieve and display data B) display data in an easier-to-read format C) display data in graphs D) perform predictive analysis

enforces consistency among different sets of data

Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also A) establishes logical relationships between data B) structures data C) normalizes data D) enforces consistency among different sets of data

find hidden relationships in data

Data mining is a tool for allowing users to A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years. B) find hidden relationships in data. C) obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports.

data scrubbing

Detectign and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant is called A) data auditing B) defragmentation C) data scrubbing D) data optimization

redundancy

Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ______ A) redundancy B) repetition C) independence D) partitions

Referential integrity

Example: when one table has a foreign key that points to another table, you may not add a record to the table with foreign key unless there is a corresponding record in the linked table.

tuple

In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n) A) tuple B) row C) entity D) field

select, project, and join

In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are A) select, project, and where B) select, join, and where C) select, project, and join D) select, from, and join

row

In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single A) field B) row C) column D) table

occurrences linked to a single event

In terms of data relationships, /associations/ refers to A) events linked over time B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs C) occurrences linked to a single event D) undiscovered groupings

DBMS for midrange computers.

Microsoft SQL Server is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices. B) Internet DBMS. B) Desktop relational DBMS. D) DBMS for midrange computers.

users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time

OLAP is a tool for enabling A) users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. B) users to view both logical and physical views of data C) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships D) programmers to normalize data.

DBMS for small handheld computing devices.

Oracle Database Lite is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices B) Internet DBMS C) mainframe relational DBMS D) DBMS for midrange computers.

One to one relationship, one to many relationship, many to many relationshiop

Relational database tables may have:

Many to many relationship

Requires join table or intersection relation that links the two tables to join information.

combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.

The /join/ operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. D) organizes elements in to segments

creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.

The /select/ operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) creates a subset of consisting of columns in a table. C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.

data redundancy

The confusion created by _____ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources. A) batch processing B) data redundancy C) data independence D) online processing

creating an inventory of the data elements contained in the database

The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by A) assigning attributes to the data B) creating an inventory of the data elements contained in the database. C) presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them D) maintaining data in updated form

presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

The logical view A) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media. B) presents an entry screen to the user. C) allows the creation of supplementary reports. D) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

SQL

The most prominent data manipulation language today is A) Access B) DB2 C) SQL D) Crystal Reports

information policy

The organizations rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is called a(n) A) information policy B) data definition file C) data quality audit D) data governance policy

normalization

The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called A) normalization B) data scrubbing C) data cleansing D) data defining

creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

The project operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. C) organizes elements into segments. D) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected

database administration

The special organizational function whose responsibilities include the technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance, is called A) data administration B) database administration C) information policy administration D) data auditing

a data manipulation language

The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called A) a data access language B) a data manipulation language C) Structured Query Language D) a data definition language

OLAP

The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is A) predictive analysis B) SQL C) OLAP D) data mining

object-oriented DBMS

The type of database management approach that can handle multimedia is the A) hierarchical DBMS B) relational DBMS C) network DBMS D) object-oriented DBMS

relational DBMS

The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the A) OODBMS B) pre-digital DBMS C) relational DBMS D) hierarchical DBMS

business intelligence

Tools for analyzing data to help users find patterns, relationships, and insights and make better business decisions are known as A) DSS B) Business intelligence C) OLAP D) Data mining

Nonrelational DBMS

Use more flexible data model, Don't required extensive structuring, Can manage unstructured data, such as social media and graphics, For example: Amazon's SimpleDB.

data inconsistency

Which common database challenge is illustrated by a person receiving multiple copies of an L.L. Bean catalog, each addressed to a slightly different variation of his or her full name? A) data normalization B) data accuracy C) data redundancy D) data inconsistency

the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes? A)the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT B)the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE C)the entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE D)the entity product with the attribute CUSTOMER

program-data independence

Which of the following is /not/ one of the main problems with a traditional file environment? A) data inconsistency B) program-data independence C) lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports D) poor security

surveying data definition and query files

Which of the following is not a method for performing a data quality audit? A) surveying entire data files B) surveying samples from data files C) surveying definition and query files D) surveying end users about their perceptions of data quality

user mining

Which of the following is not one of the techniques used in Web mining? A) content mining B) structure mining C) usage mining D) user mining

library card catalog

Which of the following non-digital data storage items is most similar to a database? A) library card catalog B) cash register receipt C) doctor's office invoice D) list of sales totals on a spreadsheet

airport code

You are creating a database to store temperature and wind data from national airport locations. Which of the following field is the most likely candidate to use as the basis for a primary key in the airport table? A) address B) city C) airport code D) state

object-relational DBMS

You are creating a video and animation sharing Web sit whose content will be supplied by content, video, and applets stored in a database and you anticipate very high loads on the server. Which of the following DBMSs will most likely serve your needs? A) object-relational DBMS B) relational DBMS C) hierarchical DBMS D) OODBMS

identifying sequences

You work for a retail chain whose primary outlets are in shopping mall and are conducting an analysis of your customers and their preferences. You wish to find out if there are any particular activities that your customers engage in, or the types of purchases made in the month before or after purchasing select items from your store. To do this, you will want to use the data mining software that is capable of. A) identifying associations B) identifying clusters C) identifying sequences D) classification

classification

You work for an national car rental agency and want to determine what characteristics are shared among your most loyal customers. To do this, you will want to use data mining software that is capable of A) identifying associations B) identifying clusters C) identifying sequences D) classification

Text mining

_____ tools are used to analyze large unstructured data sets, such as e-mail, memos, survey responses, etc., to discover patterns and relationships. A) OLAP B) Text mining C) Web mining D) Web content mining

Data definition

a capability of a DBMS to specify the structure of the content of the database.

Data warehouse

a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company. Data can be accessed but not altered.

Entity

a generalized category representing a person, place or thing on which information is stored.

Bytes

a group of bits and represents a single character, which can be a letter, number, or another symbol.

File

a group of records

Record

a group of related fields.

Database

a group of related files. The heart of all information systems because they keep track of the people, places, and things that a business must deal with on a continuing, often instant basis.

Field

a grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age).

Crystal reports

a popular report generator.

Query

a request for data from a database.

Attribute

a specific characteristic of an entity.

Data mart

a subset of a data warehouse, in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users.

A database management system

a type of software used to create, store, organize, and access data from a database

Data dictionary

an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and their characteristics.

Hadoop

an open-source software that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across inexpensive computers.

Hadoop

breaks a big data problem down into subproblems, distributes them among up to thousands of inexpensive computer processing nodes, then combines the result into a smaller data set that is easier to analyze.

Data definition, data dictionary, querying and reporting

capabilities of a DBMS.

Entity relationship diagram

clarifies the table relationships in a relational database.

Join

combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables.

Data warehouse

consolidates and standardizes data from many systems, operational and transactional databases.

Project

creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

Big data

data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical DBMS to capture, store, and analyze.

Nonrelational database management systems

designed for managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or down.

In memory computing

eliminates bottlenecks in retrieving and reading data from hard disk based databases.

Foreign key

essentially the look-up field to find data from one table in another table.

Analytic platforms

feature preconfigured hardware-software systems that are specifically designed for query processing and analytics.

Relational database

organizes data into two dimensional tables (called relations) with columns and rows.

The logical view

presents the data as they would be perceived by the users

Big datasets

provide more patterns and insights than smaller datasets

Cloud databases

relational database engines provided by cloud computing services.

In memory computing

relies primarily on a computer's main memory (RAM) for data storage.

Tuples

rows or records in the relational database.

Referential integrity

rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent.

The physical view

shows how the data is organized on the physical storage media

Online analytical processing (OLAP)

supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions.

Report generation

the data of interest can be displayed in a more structured and polished format that would be possible just by querying.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

the most prominent data manipulation language.

Normalization

the process of streamlining complex groups of data to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many to many relationships and increase stability and flexibility.

Bit

the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.

Select, project, join

the three basic operations of a relational database.

Primary key

the unique identifier for all the information in any row of the table, and this primary key cannot be duplicated.

Key field

uniquely identifies each record so that the record can be retrieved, updated, or sorted.

Data manipulation language

used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database.