MIS Chapter 8

4th Generation

100 Mbps for high- mobility communications and 1Gbps for low-mobility applications.

Ubiquity Convenience Instant connectivity Personalization Localization of products and services

Five value-added attributes of mobile computing

Rogue access point War driving Eavesdropping RF (Radio frequency) jamming

Four major threats to wireless security

Satellite transmission

High bandwidth; very large area coverage; expensive Unobstructed Line of sight as in Microwave transmission Signals experience propagation delay Must use encryption for security

Moore's law

How overall processing power for computers will double every two years

Wireless Bill Payments

Services provided by banking institutions that allow customers to pay their bills directly from their cell phones

Cellular Radio Wireless Broadband or WiMax

Wide-Area Wireless Networks

Financial Services

Wireless Bill Payments Mobile Wallet Micropayments Wireless Electronic Payment System Mobile Banking

RFID

______ was developed to replace bar codes.

Hotspot

a geographical perimeter with in which a wireless access point provides wireless access for users

Wireless access point

a transmitter with an antenna

Global Positioning System

a wireless system that uses MEO satellites to enable users to determine their position anywhere on the earth.

Mobile Portal

aggregates and provides content and services for mobile users that include news, sports, email, entertainment, travel and restaurant information; community services; and stock trading.

Internet over satellite

allows users to access the Internet via GEO satellites from a dish mounted on the side of their homes.

1st Generation

analog signals and low bandwidth

Low-earth-orbit (LEO):

are 400 to 700 miles above the surface, so they move much faster with respect to a point on the earth's surface; require many to cover the earth.

mobile portals voice portals

are ddesigned to aggregate and deliver content in a form that will work within the limited space available on mobile devices

Mesh networks

are essentially a series of interconnected local area networks

Medium-earth-orbit (MEO):

are located 6,000 miles above the earth's surface and move; used for the GPS system.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

are networks of interconnected, battery-powered, wireless sensors that are placed into the physical environment.

Wireless devices

are small enough to easily carry or wear, have sufficient computing power to perform productive tasks and can communicate wirelessly with the Internet and other devices.

Medium-range wireless networks

are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).

Wi-Fi hotspots

are three-dimensional and thus, roughly spherical, depending on buildings, trees, etc. that weaken the signal

Microwave transmission systems

are widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communication

personal area network

computer network used for communication among computer devices

Wide-area wireless networks

connect users to each other and to the Internet over geographically dispersed distances

wide-area wireless network

connect users to the internet over a geographical dispersed territory

2nd Generation

digital signals for voice and data communication up to 10 Kbps

3rd Generation

digital voice and data communication up to 384 Kbps when device is moving at walking pace; 128 Kbps when moving in car; and 2Mbps when device is stationary

Wireless network interface card

enables mobile devices to communicate wirelessly

Wi-Fi Direct

enables users to transfer content among devices, even with-out a wireless antenna.

Ultra-wideband

high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 megabits per second. Real-time location system (Doctor, nurses; mobile equipment)

Google Earth

icons for photographs taken of the area, icons for information about the area, and icons for specific businesses that are in the area and are of interest to the user.

Financial Services

include banking, wireless payments, micropayments, wireless wallets, bill-payment services, brokerage services, and money transfers to make it more convenient for customers to transact business where ever they are or what time it is

Personalization or customization

information can be customized and sent to individual consumers (e.g., as a short message service).

Voice Portal

is a Web site with an audio interface and can also be accessed through a standard phone or cell phone.

Wi-Fi Direct

is a new iteration of Wi-Fi. Enables peer-to-peer communications, so devices can connect directly

MiFi

is a small, portable, wireless device that provides users with a permanent Wi-Fi hotspot wherever they go.

War driving

is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere

Global Star

is the leading provider of satellite phone service with its low-earth orbit (LEO) constellation of satellites

Telemedicine

is the use of modern telecommunications and information technologies to provide clinical care to individuals located at a distance and for the transmission of information to provide that care.

Telemetry

is the wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors

RF (Radio frequency) jamming

is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions

Location-based Advertising

is when marketers know the current locations and preferences of mobile users, they can send user-specific advertising messages to wireless devices about nearby shops, malls and restaurants

Localization of products and services

knowing a user's location helps companies advertise their products and services.

Ubiquity

mobile device can provide information and communications regardless of user's location

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi):

most common type of medium- range wireless network and used in wireless local area networks

Shopping from Wireless Devices

online vendors allow customers to shop from wireless devices

Eavesdropping

refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over wireless networks

Mobile commerce

refers to electronic commerce transactions that are conducted in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet.

Mobile computing

refers to real-time, wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the Internet and an intranet.

Near-field Communications

shortest range of any wireless network; designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards.

Satellite transmission

systems make use of communication satellites; three types of satellites, each in a different orbit

Mobile (Wireless) Wallets

technologies that allow cardholders to make purchases with a single click from their mobile devices.

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

technology allows manufacturers to attach tags with antennas and computer chips on goods and then track their movement through radio signals.

Point-to-point communication

the transmitter and receiver must be in view of each other (called line-of-sight)

Wireless mesh networks

use multiple Wi-Fi access points to create a wide-area network that can be very large.

Cellular Radio

use radio waves to provide two-way communication over cellular network of base stations

Broad reach

users can be reached instantly when they carry an open mobile device

Mobility

users carry a mobile device and can initiate a real-time contact with other systems from wherever they happen to be

Radio transmission

uses radio-wave frequencies to send data directly between transmitters and receivers Signals travel through walls High bandwidth; Inexpensive & easy to install Susceptible to snooping - requires encryption Creates electrical interference problems if others are in same frequency Signal break up - Solution is Satellite Radio

Bluetooth, ultra-wideband, and near field communications

3 types of short range wireless networks

Bluetooth

Can link up to eight devices within a 30-foot area and transmit up to 2.1 megabits per second. PAN

Convenience and Instant Connectivity

Internet-enabled mobile device makes it easy and fast to access the Web, intranets, and other mobile devices without booting up a PC or placing a call

Mobile Banking

Many banks now offer access to financial & account information, the ability to transfer funds, and receive alerts on digital cell phones, smart phones, and PDAs.

Weak security Cost (Commercial) Roaming to and from Hotspots that use different Wi-fi

Medium Range Wireless Network barriers

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Wi-Fi Direct MiFi

Medium Range Wireless Networks

Infrared

Red light not visible to normal eyes - e.g., Remote Low to medium bandwidth; short coverage; must have unobstructed line of sight Transceiver

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi

The most common type of medium-range wireless network is

Wireless Broadband or WiMax

access range up to 31 miles and data-transfer rate up to 75 Mbps can provide long-distance broadband wireless access to rural areas and other locations that are not currently being served

bluetooth

an industry specification used to create small personal area network

cell phones

communicates with radio antennas, or towers, placed within adjacent geographic areas called cells

2.5 Generation

digital voice and data communication up to 144 Kbps

Micropayments

electronic payments for small purchase amounts (generally less than $10).

Short-range wireless networks

generally have a range of 100 feet or less

Rogue access point

is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network

Pervasive Computing (Ubiquitous computing)

is invisible "everywhere computing" that is embedded in the objects around us - the floors, the lights, our cars, washing machine, microwave oven, cell phones, clothes, and so on. (e.g., smart home, smart appliances)

Geostationary (GEO):

orbits 22,300 miles directly above the equator and maintains a relatively fixed position in relation to a dish on earth; excellent for TV signals

Location-based Services

provide information to customers about local services and conditions via cell phones.

Wireless Electronic Payment Systems

these systems transfer mobile phones into secure, self-contained purchasing tools capable of instantly authorizing payments over the cellular network

radio-frequency indentification wireless sensor networks

two technologies that provide infrastructure for persuasive computing

mediun-range wireless network

wireless local area networks (WLANs)