Missed Lab Operations questions

What is the normality (N) of a 700 mL solution that contains 5 g of H2SO4 (gmw=98 g/mol, valence=2)? A. 0.146 N B. 0.00014 N C. 0.023 N D. 0.841 N

A. 0.146 N

What is the preferred solution for general disinfection of work surfaces in the clinical laboratory? A. 10% sodium hypochlorite B. 10% alcohol C. 10% distilled (DI) water D. 5% soap

A. 10% sodium hypochlorite

What minimum level of specific resistance (megohms@25o C) is required for a Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water (CLRW) system: A. 10.0 B. 5.0 C. 2.0 D. 0.1

A. 10.0

A completed package for a category B substance must be able to survive a drop test from what height? A. 4 feet B. 15 feet C. 35 feet D. 50 feet

A. 4 feet

Your laboratory has 17,264 hours of total paid labor time. Of this amount, 1458 hours are nonproductive. If your employees work 40-hour work weeks each year, what is the total number of FTEs (full-time equivalents) needed to run the laboratory? A. 8.3 B. 7.6 C. 8.1 D. 6.7

A. 8.3

Which of the following statements regarding a biomarker with high sensitivity is TRUE? A. Accurately identifies the presence of disease and has few false negatives. B. Accurately identifies the presence of disease and has few false positives. C. Accurately detects the absence of disease and has few false negatives. D. Accurately detects the absence of disease and has few false positives.

A. Accurately identifies the presence of disease and has few false negatives.

Which of the following analytes would be increased due to delay in centrifugation? A. Creatinine B. Ionized Calcium C. Folate D. Bicarbonate

A. Creatinine

Which of the following analytes would be decreased due to delay in centrifugation? A. Ionized Calcium B. Potassium C. ALT D. AST

A. Ionized Calcium

What is the function of tracking (or loading) dye in agarose gel electrophoresis? A. To visualize the DNA. B. To estimate the size of the DNA in the gel. C. To monitor the progress of the electrophoresis run. D. To determine the exact amount of time it took the DNA to travel to the end of the gel.

C. To monitor the progress of the electrophoresis run.

Absorbance (A) of a solution may be derived from percent transmittance using which formula? A. 1+ log%T B. 2+ log%T C. 1 - log%T D. 2- log%T

D. 2- log%T

A computer monitor should be set approximately how many inches away from the eyes? A. 1 - 3 inches B. 5 - 10 inches C. 10 - 15 inches D. 20 - 40 inches

D. 20 - 40 inches

At a minimum, how frequently should an ocular micrometer be calibrated? A. Only once per year B. Once every six months C. Once every month D. After major cleaning of the microscope or replacing objectives and as part of annual maintenance.

D. After major cleaning of the microscope or replacing objectives and as part of annual maintenance.

Which of the following analytes would be decreased due to delay in centrifugation? A. ALT B. Creatinine C. AST D. Bicarbonate

D. Bicarbonate

All of the following are directly responsible for setting and monitoring competency requirements for laboratory personnel, EXCEPT: A. CAP B. HCFA C. Joint Commission (formerly JCAHO) D. CLSI

D. CLSI

The highest taxonomic level in the affective domain is: A. Problem-solving B. Proficiency C. Adaptation D. Commitment

D. Commitment

Which buffer additive(s) is/are used in gel electrophoresis to prevent complementary base pairing on RNA molecules by interacting with the amino groups? A. Formamide B. Formamide and heat C. Urea and heat D. Methylmercuric hydroxide

D. Methylmercuric hydroxide

What is the BEST type of microscopy for performing manual platelet counts? A. Electron B. Dark-field C. Light D. Phase contrast

D. Phase contrast

In clinical genetics, the major consequence of chromosomal deletion: A. Is the loss of specific genes that are localized to the deleted chromosomal segment. B. No change in the copy numbers of genes found in these deleted chromosomal locations. C. Is the exclusion of large-scale chromosomal deletion. D. Is the inability to differentiate a chromosomal deletion from a nucleotide sequence abnormality.

A. Is the loss of specific genes that are localized to the deleted chromosomal segment.

Which electrophoresis method first creates a pH gradient across the gel before migration of proteins? A. Isoelectric focusing B. Routine serum electrophoresis C. Capillary electrophoresis D. Two-dimensional electrophoresis

A. Isoelectric focusing

Agarose is a polysaccharide polymer that is used for electrophoresis. Polyacrylamide is a more porous or highly cross-linked gel that provides a higher resolution of smaller fragments and single-stranded molecules. What is the health concern with its powder form? A. It is neurotoxic. B. It is a carcinogen. C. It is highly flammable. D. There is no health concern with this form.

A. It is neurotoxic.

A phlebotomist must perform a skin puncture to obtain capillary specimens for a complete blood count (CBC), a plasma-based chemistry test, and a serum-based immunology test. The microcollection containers that will be used are lavender top containing EDTA anticoagulant, green top containing heparin anticoagulant, and gold top containing no anticoagulant. Which microcollection container should be collected first? A. Lavender top B. Green top C. Gold top D. Red top

A. Lavender top

The degree to which a measure is consistent in producing the same results when measuring the same analyte is called: A. Reliability B. Validity C. Accuracy D. Concurrency

A. Reliability

What type of graph is needed in a real-time PCR in order to perform absolute quantification? A. Standard curve B. Amplification curve C. Melt Curve D. Quantification curve

A. Standard curve

Which of the following use target amplification methodologies? A. Transcription mediated amplification (TMA) B. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) C. Northern Blot D. Branched chain DNA (bDNA)

A. Transcription mediated amplification (TMA)

All of the following factors affect hybridization, EXCEPT A. G:C content B. A:T content C. pH D. Temperature

B. A:T content

An assayed glucose control produces the following results in 10 runs: 99, 99, 99, 98, 98, 98, 98, 97, 97, 97.%0D%0AThe established range for this control is 90-92. Where does the problem lie with this control? A. Precision B. Accuracy C. Sensitivity D. Specificity

B. Accuracy

The accuracy of an immunoassay is its ability to discriminate between results that are true positives and results that are true negatives. Two parameters of test accuracy are specificity and sensitivity. Which of these statements apply to an immunoassay with high specificity, but low sensitivity? A. Accurately identifies the presence of disease B. Accurately identifies the absence of disease and has few false-positives C. Has few false-positives and accurately identifies the presence of diesease D. Has few false-negatives and accurately identifies the presence of diesease

B. Accurately identifies the absence of disease and has few false-positives

Which of the four classes of fires is described as resulting from flammable liquids/gases? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D

B. Class B

What is the role of the Joint Commission (JC)? A. To ensure federal regulations are enforced throughout healthcare facilities. B. Establish standards for the operation of healthcare facilities and services. C. To certify clinical laboratory personnel. D. To ensure safe work environments.

B. Establish standards for the operation of healthcare facilities and services.

Vision breaks to glance away and focus on a distant object should be taken at which of these intervals? A. Every 5 minutes B. Every 20 minutes C. Every hour D. Every 2 hours

B. Every 20 minutes

Specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing: A. No additive B. Heparin C. EDTA D. Sodium citrate

B. Heparin

The statement, "The student will perform direct antiglobulin tests with 100% accuracy," is an example of a(n)? A. Goal B. Objective C. Course description D. Competency statement

B. Objective

Precision is a measure of: A. Method accuracy B. Random variability C. Method reliability D. Biological variability

B. Random variability

To prevent or inhibit coagulation of blood in collected samples, the use of the following anticoagulants and/or additives are recommended EXCEPT: A. EDTA B. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate C. Sodium citrate D. Potassium oxalate

B. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

All of the following test principles are matched with the most appropriate response, EXCEPT: A. bDNA - Signal amplification using alkaline phosphatase and no thermal cycling is needed. B. TMA - Target amplification using reverse transcriptase. Thermal cycling is needed. C. PCR - Target amplification using DNA polymerase and thermal cycling. D. NASBA - Target amplification using 3 enzymes and no thermal cycling.

B. TMA - Target amplification using reverse transcriptase. Thermal cycling is needed.

What is the normality (N) of a 500 mL solution that contains 8 g of H2SO4 (gmw=98 g/mol, valence=2)? A. 0.163 N B. 0.254 N C. 0.326 N D. 1.765 N

C. 0.326 N

How many standard deviations (SD) above and below the mean is accepted as being an appropriate control limit range on a control chart utilizing the Westgard rules: A. 1 SD B. 2 SD C. 3 SD D. 4 SD

C. 3 SD

Error rates in the laboratory are estimated at what rate? A. Between 1:10 and 1:100 results. B. Between 1:32 and 1:1260 results. C. Between 1:164 to 1:8300 results D. Between 1:250 to 1:11500 results.

C. Between 1:164 to 1:8300 results

Which of the following represents the correct order of draw for blood tubes in a peripheral blood collection? A. Purple, green, red B. Red, blue, green, purple C. Blue, red, green, purple D. Blue, red, purple, green

C. Blue, red, green, purple

If a person comes in direct contact with an electrical source and sustains an electrical shock, which of the following actions should be taken once the current has been shut off and/or the person has been freed from contact with the current? A. Call 911 immediately and have the victim stay in motion. B. Place an icepack on the affected area. C. Call 911 immediately and lower the victim's head below the trunk of the body and elevate the legs. D. No additional actions are required.

C. Call 911 immediately and lower the victim's head below the trunk of the body and elevate the legs.

A laboratory fire that is the direct result of an electrical malfunction associated with laboratory instrumentation would be classified as: A. Class A B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D

C. Class C

Which of the following identifies a major mechanism of electricity-induced injury? A. Electrical energy causing indirect tissue damage B. Conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy causing minimum tissue destruction C. Direct trauma resulting from falls or violent muscle spasms D. Burns that do not cause tissue or nerve damage

C. Direct trauma resulting from falls or violent muscle spasms

The number of patients correctly diagnosed for the disease or not having the disease is defined as A. Positive predictive value B. Negative predictive value C. Efficiency D. Sensitivity

C. Efficiency

Which of the following is a direct nucleic acid test? A. Fluorescence polarization immunization (FPI) B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) C. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) D. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)

C. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

Health care workers who enter airborne infection isolation rooms should use a N95 disposable mask. All of the following are required for N95 mask use EXCEPT? A. Men must shave their facial hair for a tight fight B. Be fit-tested C. Have a tuberculin skin test D. Receive medical clearance

C. Have a tuberculin skin test

An electrode has a silver/silver chloride anode and a platinum wire cathode. It is suspended in KCl solution and separated from the blood to be analyzed by a selectively permeable membrane. Such an electrode is used to measure which of the following? A. pH B. PCO2 C. PO2 D. HCO3

C. PO2

What is the distance the solute migrates divided by the distance the solvent migrates in thin-layer chromatography (TLC)? A. pH B. pKa C. Rf D. pKb

C. Rf

When performing point-of-care urinalysis, which of the following urine specimens would be acceptable for testing? A. Urine portion (aliquot) from a 24-hour urine collection in which hydrochloric (HCl) acid is used as a preservative, submitted at room temperature. B. Urine submitted in a clean, disposable, leak-resistant container that has been frozen for 10 days. C. Urine submitted in a clean, disposable, leak-resistant container that has been at room temperature overnight. D. Urine submitted 8 hours after collection in transport tube containing an approved preservative for urinalysis testing.

D. Urine submitted 8 hours after collection in transport tube containing an approved preservative for urinalysis testing.