MIST 5740 big quiz 2

The authoritative leadership style can be summarized as:

"Come with me"

The pacesetting leadership style can be summarized as:

"Do as I do, now!"

The coercive leadership style can be summarized as:

"Do as I say"

The coaching leadership style can be summarized as:

"Try this"

The democratic leadership style can be summarized as:

"What do you think?"

In general control limits are set at + or - ________ standard deviations which provides ________ probability limits.

3, .001

In a normal distribution we would expect to find _______ of all values with in + or - 1 standard deviation

68%

In a normal distribution we would expect to find _______ of all values with in + or - 2 standard deviation.

95%

Cost Variance (CV) = Earned Value - ___________.

Actual Cost (AC)

The cost incurred for completing a scheduled task or WBS component is the

Actual Cost (AC)

The leadership style that follows the attitude that "people come first" is the:

Affiliative style

_____centers of the value of the individual rather than goals and tasks and attempts to keep people happy by creating harmony.

Affiliative style

Emotional intelligence

All of these

Quality metrics should focus on __________.

All of these

The final project report should include:

All of these

A capability that outlines a specific set of competencies associated with emotional intelligence is:

All of these are capabilities associated with emotional intelligence

Which of the following would NOT be considered a complexity of international projects?

All of these are complexities of international projects

Information distribution includes all of the following EXCEPT:

All of these are examples of information distribution

The leadership style where the leader outlines a clearly defined goal but empowers people to choose their own means for achieving it is the:

Authoritative style

Initial generation of ideas without evaluation would be most closely associated with:

Brainstorming

A _________ shows how the scope, features or functionality, or work is being completed over time.

Burn-down Chart

_____ focuses on root-cause analysis and determining the cause of risks, as well as the effects of risks on the project.

Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

The approach to leadership where the leader is viewed as a pioneer who seeks out opportunities to innovate, grow, and improve is:

Challenge the process

_____ means recognizing and supporting good ideas, and making sure these ideas happen.

Challenge the process

Project Termination through "starvation" is an example of _____ .

Changed Priority

Organizing and archiving of all project deliverables and documentation occurs during _____ .

Closing the Project

The leadership style that helps people identify their unique strengths and weaknesses so that they can achieve their personal and career goals is the:

Coaching style

The leadership style that is most effective in a crisis situation is the:

Coercive style

While working on an IT project, you learn that a particular department plans to reduce its staff by 50%. The manager of this department has asked the project team to keep this information secret until the plans are finalized. A good friend of yours works in this department and has asked you whether you heard of any news concerning the future of the department. This would be an example of which of the following ethical dilemmas?

Confidence

A gift from a vendor could cause the following ethical dilemma _____.

Conflict of interest

Which of the following would be an ethical dilemma where impartiality and trust come into question?

Conflict of interest

Your employer has issued you a computer. Using this computer to trade stocks online could be considered which of the following ethical dilemmas?

Corporate resource

EV-AC =

Cost Variance (CV)

_____ can be defined as the shared beliefs, assumptions, and values that we learn from society or a group that guides or influences our behavior.

Culture

Gaining consensus from a group of experts would be most closely associated with:

Delphi Technique

A list of 14 points for quality is associated with __________.

Deming

The leadership style that would be least effective in a crisis situation would be the:

Democratic style

When using _____, the leader spends time getting other people's ideas, while building trust, respect, and commitment.

Democratic style

Which implemention approach usually entails the greatest level of risk especially if the system is not adequately tested?

Direct Cutover

_____ can be effective when quick delivery of the new system is critical or when the existing system must be replaced as soon as possible.

Direct Cutover

_____ is the implementation method where the old system is shut down and the new system is turned on at an agreed upon date.

Direct Cutover

_____ is the least favored implementation approach due to the higher level of risk.

Direct Cutover

_____ may be appropriate for non mission critical applications.

Direct Cutover

_____ places more pressure on the project team.

Direct Cutover

_____ use only integer or whole numbers, where fractional values are not allowed or would not make sense.

Discrete Distribution

Differences in nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, or generation is:

Diversity

An ethically neutral leader could be described as someone who _______.

Does not provide a clear message of the ethical conduct that is expected, so people interpret this to mean that the leader doesn't care how business goals are met - just that they are met.

If we know the Actual Cost of a WBS component, what other value do we need to know in order to calculate the cost performance index (CPI)?

Earned Value (EV)

The approach to leadership that requires a leader to support collaboration and build trust among project stakeholders is:

Enable others to act

_____ means empowering people and motivating them to do their best, feel a sense of ownership, and take pride in what they do.

Enable others to act

The project team appears to be tired, disillusioned, frustrated, and willing to give up. The most appropriate leadership approach would be:

Encourage the heart

_____ means using simple gestures to show appreciation for people's contributions and recognition of accomplishments.

Encourage the heart

The metric that provides an estimate of the most likely total or final cost of the project based on the project's performance and any risks that should be considered is the:

Estimate at Completion (EAC)

A hypocritical leader could be described as someone who _______.

Extols the virtues of integrity and ethical conduct, but then engages in unethical behavior

Which termination circumstance is one in which the project is ended because the cost of completing it are greater than the potential benefits of completing it.

Failed

A cost variance (CV) can be positive or negative, but never zero.

False

A leader who "challenges the process" should also be critical of other people's ideas in order to challenge them to be more creative.

False

A person has only one leadership style that can never be changed.

False

All of the project stakeholders should receive exactly the same information regarding the project's progress in order to eliminate any miscommunication.

False

An action or decision that is legal is always ethical.

False

An exemplary leader who "encourages from the heart" should show appreciation for other's accomplishments by creating a culture of celebration even if it involves recognitions or celebrations that are insincere.

False

As a project manager, you would be pleased to see a Cost Performance Index CPI less than one (1) for your project.

False

Conducting the postmortem review is the responsibility of the project sponsor.

False

Delivery, installation, and implementation of the information system indicate the sponsor's acceptance of the project.

False

Emotional intelligence is largely genetic just like a person's intelligence quotient (IQ).

False

Generally, the more metrics one adopts, the greater the project control.

False

Given the advances that have been made in telecommunications and IT technology in general, there is little value or necessity today for Face-to-Face (F2F) meetings.

False

If a stakeholder has been judged to adversarial and having a vested interest in the failure of your project, it would probably be wise to keep him/her out of the communication loop.

False

In general, because of the similarities in IT projects, one can manage all projects and risks in the same manner.

False

Leadership is the same thing as management.

False

Most of the project documentation is completed during the development phase.

False

Most quality initiatives translate readily and require little if any corporate culture changes as evidenced by the Japanese adoption of Deming's quality philosophy.

False

Most team members are less critical of their own performance than the project manager.

False

Nominal Group Technique is a free form, unstructured process similar to Brainstorming.

False

One attribute of a good project metric is that it should be subjective so that a stakeholder can understand the project manager's personal opinion or insight as to how the project is progressing.

False

PMBOK® defines the major quality management processes as: conformance to requirements, fitness for use, and having a high degree of excellence.

False

Premature project closure is always a characteristic of a failed project.

False

Project Quality Management (PQM) focuses on the project product and Project Control Management (PCM) focuses on the project process.

False

Project risk management focuses solely on the downside of risk that results from unexpected problems or threats.

False

Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the joint effects of multiple risky tasks, while Monte Carlo Simulation is used to measure which individual tasks pose the greatest project risk.

False

Since IT projects are developed in an environment that changes so rapidly and so extensively, there is little value in using past projects to guide our risk assessment of new ones.

False

Since risk arises from uncertainty, there can be no such category as known risks.

False

Software process maturity represents the expected results that can be achieved by following a particular software process.

False

The PMBOK® definition of project quality management focuses on conformance to specifications.

False

The Pareto Diagram is based on the notion that 20 percent of the problems are based on 80 percent of the causes

False

The area under the normal distribution curve that lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean (plus or minus) includes about 68% of all the values.

False

The best time to plan for risk is during the project execution phase when risk can be assessed most accurately.

False

The goal of a sound risk management is to completely avoid all risk.

False

The parallel implementation approach is generally considered to be the riskiest implementation approach.

False

The phased approach is generally the least expensive of the three implementation approaches.

False

The project MOV is usually readily determined at the close of the project.

False

The project audit is the generally conducted by the project manager and project team.

False

Validation is a process-oriented activity that focuses on the deployment of specific development procedures.

False

Immediately after the implementation, the project's MOV can be determined.

Fasle

Acknowledging the contributions of the project team would occur during _____.

Final Meeting and Presentation

The formal exchange of the project's product from the project team to the organization occurs during _____ .

Final Meeting and Presentation

The purpose of the _____ is to provide the project sponsor confidence that the project has been completed as outlined in the business case, project charter, and project plan.

Final Project Report

A _________ predicts the future status or progress of the project.

Forecast report

________ is the person most closely associated with the scientific management approach.

Frederic Taylor

The first thing to consider when faced with an ethical dilemma would be _________.

Gather the facts

A project manager who attempts to create a project environment in which people feel safe and appreciated is trying to ensure that which one of the following ethical dilemmas do not occur?

Human resource

Focusing on fairness in terms of equity, reciprocity, and impartiality is hoping to avoid which ethical dilemma?

Human resource

_____ involves deciding which risks can impact the project.

Identify Risks

Discussing team members' next assignment is generally a part of:

Individual Performance Review

_____ means understanding the needs, interests, and "speaking the language" of constituents.

Inspire a vision

Which of the following is NOT a traditional management activity?

Inspiring a vision

An unethical leader could be described as someone who

Is a weak moral individual and a weak moral manager

Many organizations are mandating ethics training for their employees because

It's in the best interest for people in the organization and society

__________ published the Quality Control Handbook which viewed quality as "fitness for use" as perceived by the customer.

Joseph Juran

Identifying what you know, what you think you know, and things you need to find out would be activities most closely associated with:

Learning Cycles

The CMM/CMMI level characterized by an immature software organization using ad hoc process is _______ ?

Level 1 Initial

The CMM/CMMI level which is the first to introduce key process areas is _________ ?

Level 2 Repeatable

The CMM/CMMI level which documents and standardizes software engineering and management processes throughout the organization is _________ ?

Level 3 Defined

The CMM/CMMI level which is characterized by the addition of Software Quality management and Quantitative Process Management is _________ ?

Level 4 Managed

The CMM/CMMI level which is the first to introduce technology change management _________ ?

Level 5 Optimizing

_____ may sometimes occur weeks or months after the project is complete in order to obtain an accurate assessment.

MOV Evaluation

An ethical leader could be described as someone who ________.

Makes it clear that bottom line results are important, but only if they can be achieved in an ethical manner

_____ is the core layer in the IT Project Risk Identification Framework.

Measurable Organizational Value

The approach to leadership where a leader leads by example is:

Model the way

_____ randomly generates specific values for a variable with a specific probability distribution.

Monte Carlo Simulation

A structured technique for identifying risks which requires participants to rank and prioritize ideas in round-robin fashion is most closely associated with:

Nominal Group Technique

Which implemention approach involves no risk?

None of these

Which termination circumstance is one in which the project is completed as planned?

Normal

The leadership style where poor performers are quickly identified and replaced if standards are not met is the:

Pacesetting style

Which implemention approach is usually the most expensive and least risky?

Parallel

With _____, users may have to enter data into multiple systems to compare the outputs.

Parallel

_____ is most appropriate when problems or the failure of a system can have a major impact on the organization.

Parallel

_____ places more pressure on the user of the system.

Parallel

A _____ is useful for identifying and investigating the most important problems by ranking them in descending order.

Pareto diagram

________ provides the basis for continuous improvement by auditing and evaluating the results from quality control measurements so that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

Perform Quality Assurance

________ is monitoring and documenting the results of executing project quality activities to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance and implement new processes and techniques to improve project quality throughout the organization.

Perform Quality Control

_____ involves developing a probability distribution for understanding and responding to identified risks.

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

Another name for a runaway project is:

Perpetual

Clearly defining the Project MOV, Project Scope, and timely project reviews can reduce the risk of a _____ project .

Perpetual

These projects can result from delays or an unclear scope or MOV.

Perpetual

When the Project Scope grows through the addition of various features or functionality, it may lead to a _____ project.

Perpetual

Which of the following distributions has mean which is equal to (a + 4b +c) / 6 where a, b, and c are denote optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates respectively?:

Pert Distribution

Which implementation approach allows for implementation of modules in different departments or locations?

Phased

With the _____, the project team can learn from its experiences during the initial implementation so that later implementations run more smoothly.

Phased

________ is determining which quality requirements and/or standards are important for the project and the product and then documenting how compliance will be demonstrated.

Plan Quality

If you hired a consulting firm to develop a system which is estimated to take four months to complete with the tasks evenly divided over the four months and you agree to pay for the project with equal monthly installments, those payments would be called:

Planned Value (PV)

The budgeted cost of work scheduled for an activity or component of the WBS is the _____.

Planned Value (PV)

The total planned cost of the project is computed before the project work begins. This metric is called the:

Planned Value (PV)

Having the team review the project scope, schedule, budget, and quality objectives would most likely occur in the:

Postmortem Review

As a result of competitor's actions, a project was pushed to completion without all of the envisioned features. This project termination is termed __________ ?

Premature

Defect arrival rate is an example of a:

Process Metric

Customer found defects is an example of a: _________.

Product Metric

An outside party would be more likely to be called in for the:

Project Audit

Assessment of the project manager and project team occurs during the _____ .

Project Audit

In the final analysis, project success is determined in the:

Project Audit

Demonstrating that all project deliverables have been completed occurs during _____.

Project Evaluation

Earned Value (EV) would be an example of a ______.

Project Metric

A _________ is a formal or informal meeting that shows evidence of project work that has been completed and provides a forum for surfacing issues, problems, decision-making.

Project review

_____ is an uncertain event that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on project objectives.

Project risk

_____ are the processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and monitoring and control on a project.

Project risk management

The Payoff Table would be used with which risk assessment technique ?

Qualitative Risk Analysis

_____ determines each identified risk's probability of occurrence and impact on the project.

Risk analysis

_____ prioritizes risks so that an effective risk strategy can be formulated.

Risk assessment

A _____ identifies threats and opportunities in the external environment as well as organizational strengths and weaknesses .

SWOT Analysis

Leadership includes _____ .

Setting a direction

Visionary leadership, influence, developing others, and communication are all associated with _____ of Emotional Intelligence.

Social skills

A _________ describes the present state of the project and provides compares the project's actual progress to the baseline plan.

Status report

Which of the following is not likely a characteristic of a good project metric?:

Subjective

Barring a change in project scope and given a Cost Performance Index (CPI) that is less than 1, the most reasonable inference to draw is that:

The project will likely cost more than planned

Barring a change in project scope and given a Schedule Performance Index (SPI) that is greater than 1, the most reasonable inference to draw is that:

The project will likely finish earlier than planned.

Which of the following distributions has mean which is equal to (a +b +c) / 3 where a, b, and c are denote optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates respectively?:

Triangular Distribution

A client offers you an expense-paid vacation to Aruba if you reduce the cost of the project by 10%. This would be an example of conflict of interest.

True

A good project metric should be understandable, quantifiable, cost effective, proven, and be effective.

True

A hypocritical leader extols the virtues of integrity and ethical conduct, but then engages in unethical behavior and may encourage others to do so as well.

True

A leader who "Models the Way" attempts to be an effective leader by setting an example so that he or she wins people's respect based on behavior and not title or position.

True

A process that is shown to have eight successive values that are less than two standard deviations away from the mean might be correctly categorized as stable or in statistical control.

True

A project metric should be obtained from observable, quantifiable data that allows the team and other stakeholders to gauge the efficiency and effectiveness of the work being done.

True

An ethically neutral leader is someone who does not provide clear ethical guidance so others do not know what the leader's ethical beliefs are or whether he or she cares.

True

An unethical leader is usually someone who is a morally weak individual and manager.

True

Before conducting the final project evaluation, one must be sure that information system delivered has not been changed by the users or support staff.

True

Budget At Completion (BAC) is the total planned cost of a project.

True

Control charts are used to highlight statistically significant variation in processes.

True

Defect arrival rates, Defects by phase, and Fix Response time are all process metrics.

True

Documenting lessons learned is an important part of continuous quality improvement.

True

Earned value provides a performance measurement that tells us how much of the budget we really should have spent for the work completed so far.

True

Effective project risk management requires that each risk have an owner.

True

Failure to clearly define and agree on the project's MOV may lead to a runaway or perpetual project.

True

Failure to follow a formal risk management plan will often cause organizations to be reactive and find themselves in a state of perpetual crisis, a condition known as crisis management.

True

For a project to be closed successfully, the product of the project must be formally accepted by the project sponsor or customer.

True

Individual performance reviews should provide a consensus on improving performance.

True

It never pays to ignore an element of project risk.

True

Learning cycles can be used as a tool for identifying threats and opportunities.

True

Management focuses activities related to planning, organizing, controlling staffing, evaluating, and monitoring.

True

Once the project is accepted by the sponsor or customer, a number of administrative closure processes remain.

True

One practice of exemplary leadership is to inspire a shared vision so people become committed to a purpose.

True

Planned value (PV) is the planned or budgeted cost of work scheduled for an activity or component of the WBS.

True

Project implementation focuses on installing or delivering the project's major deliverable in organization-the information system that was built or purchased.

True

Project termination by starvation may result from changed priorities.

True

Qualitative risk analysis has as one of its strengths the ability to include subjective analysis based on experience and judgment.

True

Socialization can take place through formal means such as training or mentoring and through less formal ones such as interaction with peers and supervisors.

True

Taken together, the concepts of quality management, verification and validation, and quality control support the overall project quality management plan.

True

The Estimate At Completion (EAC) is a project metric that can be used to estimate the most likely total or final cost of the project based on the project's performance and any risks that should be considered.

True

The Expected Time Complete (ETC) provides an estimate for completing the scheduled work that remains.

True

The PMBOK® definition of project risk suggests that a systematic process is needed to effectively manage the risk of a project.

True

The Schedule Performance Index (SPI) for our project is greater than one (1) and so we would anticipate that all other things being equal, our project will finish ahead of schedule.

True

The coaching style of leadership helps people identify their strengths and weakness so that long-term professional goals can be set.

True

The coercive style of leadership can be effective in a crisis situation.

True

The concept of expected value rests on the notion of a probability-weighted summation of component parts.

True

The deployment of a specific risk management strategy is in part a function of risk tolerance levels of the stakeholders.

True

The direct cutover is the generally the least favored implementation approach.

True

The final project report may be circulated to key stakeholders prior to the final meeting and presentation.

True

The final test of project success is the evaluation of the project's MOV.

True

The fishbone or Ishikawa diagram is a form of cause and effect analysis diagramming. Correct Response

True

The pacesetting style of leadership may be appropriate in situations that require quick results from a highly motivated team.

True

The project communications plan may be informal depending on the needs of the project stakeholders and the size of the project.

True

The project manager must have a clear picture of how the actual progress or work compares to the baseline plan in order to make well-informed decisions, take appropriate actions, or to make adjustments to the project plan.

True

The purpose of a project review is to not only show evidence that the project work is being completed, but also that the work is being completed according to various standards or agreed upon requirements.

True

The schedule variance (SV) shows the difference between the current progress of the project and its original or planned value.

True

Triggers or flags in the form of metrics should be identified to draw attention to a particular risk when it occurs.

True

Unknown-unknown risks are residual risks that we cannot even imagine happening.

True

Variations that fall more than three standard deviations from the mean are attributed to assignable cause.

True

Verification activities focus on asking the question of whether we followed the right procedures and processes.

True

Which of the following is a product-oriented activity that attempts to determine if the system or project deliverable meets the customer or client's expectations?

Validation

Which of the following focuses on the process-related activities of the project to ensure that the product or deliverable meets its specified requirements before final testing of the system begins?

Verification

_________ introduced the control chart to better understand process variations.

Walter Shewhart

A _____ is a structured tool that identifies risks that have occurred in the past.

checklist

A _____ provides a picture of how a particular process is behaving over time by providing a chart with a center line and limits on either side of the center line.

control chart

The democratic style of leadership is most effective in a crisis situation.

false

A _____ is best developed by brainstorming with a learning cycle approach to identify and correct a particular problem.

fishbone diagram

The core values of quality programs proposed by Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, and Crosby include:

focus on the customer

Expected Time to Completion (ETC) is __________

how much longer it will take to complete the project

Earned Value tells us __________

how much of the budget we really should have spent on the work completed so far

Actual Cost (AC) is __________

how much we actually spent for work completed

Budget At Completion (BAC) is __________

how much we budgeted to spend at the beginning of the project

Estimate at Completion (EAC) is __________

how much we spent to complete the project

Receiving a much larger than usual gas utility bill because of an early spring cold spell is an example of what type of risk?

known-unknown risk

Reserves and contingency plans would be used in which risk strategy ?

mitigation

The most important requirement for project closure under normal circumstances is:

obtaining the project sponsor's acceptance of the project.

A _____ refers to the activities, methods, materials, and measurements used to produce the product or service.

process

_____involves determining the likelihood and project impact of a risk.

risk assessment

____ lead to lessons learned to determine how the risk was handled.

risk evaluation

_____ lead to lessons learned to determine how the risk was handled.

risk evaluation

_____requires determining the true problem, or cause, of the risk.

risk identification

Through _____, the project manager will scan the project environment to watch for risks as they may arise.

risk monitoring and control

The first step in managing IT project risk is _____.

risk planning

The first step in managing IT project risk is _____. Incorrect Response

risk planning

Once a risk is made known, _____ will execute the planned risk strategy.

risk response

_____determines how to deal with the occurrence of a risk.

risk strategies

Risks may be positive or negative. For a positive risk, a project manager would want to _____.

share ownership

Successful risk management requires _____

stakeholder responsibility

Schedule Variance (SV) is __________

the difference between the current progress and the original schedule

Cost Variance (CV) is __________

the difference between the estimated cost and how much we have actually spent

Verification and validation of project deliverables should be carried out _____

throughout the project