Mitosis and Meiosis Test (Living)

Which is a true statement about normal mitotic cell division? A) Each daughter cell produced has only one-fourth the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. B) Each daughter cell produced has only one-half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. C) Each daughter cell produced has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. D) Each daughter cell produced has twice the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

C

Which statement best describes the process of asexual reproduction? A) It involves the production of gametes B) It results in variation in offspring. C) It occurs without the fusion of nuclei. D) It involves two parents.

C

A student using a compound light microscope is observing cells undergoing mitotic cell division. If the cells are form a bean plant, which process could the student observe? A) the formation of a cell plate between two new cells B) the replication of centrioles C) a pinching-in of the cell membrane to form two cells D) the pairing of homologous chromosomes.

A

One difference between cell division in plant cells, and in animal cells is that A) plants form a cell plate between daughter cells but animal do not B) more cytoplasm forms in animal cells than in plant cells C) centrioles form in plant cells but not in animal cells D) a double nucleus forms in animal cells but not in plant cells.

A

The phases below describe several events that occur during the process of mitosis. 1. attachment of double-stranded chromosomes to the spindle apparatus 2. formation of single-stranded chromosomes to the spindle apparatus 3. disintegration of the nuclear membrane 4. nuclear membrane formation around each set of chromosomes, forming two nuclei 5. synthesis of a spindle apparatus Which sequence represents the correct order of these events? A) 3,5,1,2,4 B) 1,4,5,2,3 C) 2,4,1,3,5 D) 1,2,3,4,5

A

The uncontrolled division of certain body cells, which then invade the surrounding tissues and interfere with the normal functioning of the body, is known as A) cancer B) regeneration C) cleavage D) oogenesis

A

Which cellular process involves DNA replication? a) mitosis b) cyclosis c) pinocytosis d) protein synthesis

A

Which of the following replicated prior to mitosis A) Dna, only B) messenger Rna, only C) transfer rna, only D) Dna, messenger rna, and transfer rna

A

Meiosis

A kind of cell division that results in gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes.

Somatic Cells

All body cells except for sex cells that have diploid chromosomes.

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction characterized by... A) unequal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material. B) Equal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material. C) equal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material. D) Unequal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material.

B

Plants that are grown from undifferentiated cells of leaves, stems, or roots are produced by.. A) fusion of spores B) vegetative propagation C) sexual reproduction D) Fission of gametes

B

The chromatids of a double-stranded chromosome are held together at a region known as the a) polar body b) centromere C) centriole D) Golgi complex

B

The following list describes some of the events associated with normal cell division. A-Nuclear membrane formation around each set of newly formed chromosomes B-Separation of centromeres C-Replication of each chromosome D-Movement of single-stranded chromosomes to opposite ends of the spindle. What is the normal sequence in which these events occur? A) A->B->C->D B) C->B->D->A C) C->D->B->A D) D->C->A->B

B

The process of mitosis usually involves A) chromosomes duplication and synapsis B) DNA replication and separation of chromatids C) Tetrad formation and fertilization D) Reduction in chromosome number and formation of a cell plate.

B

The process of mitotic cell division normally results in the production of A) four cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell B) two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell C) two cells with only one chromosome from each set of homologous chromosomes D) one cell with a replicated set of homologous chromosomes.

B

Which statement correctly describes mitotic cell division? a) Two cellular divisions result in the production of four monoploid cells. b) chromosomes are replicated and two identical daughter nuclei are formed. c) the chromosome number in the daughter cells is reduced by half. d) the fusion of nuclei restores the diploid number.

B

Asexual reproduction primarily involves the process of A) ovulation B) pollination C) mitosis D) spermatogenesis

C

In an attempt to reduce the population of starfish feeding on clams, fishermen cut into pieces and threw overboard any starfish that they caught. The following season there were more starfish than before. This increase in population was most likely the result of... A) binary fission B) budding C) regeneration D) vegetative propagation

C

In humans, which cell is produced most directly by mitotic cell division? A) a zygote B) an egg cell C) a skin cell D) a sperm cell

C

Mitotic and meiotic cell division are similar in that both processes a) produce monoploid gametes from diploid cells b) produce diploid gametes from monoploid cells c) involve replication of chromosomes d) involve synapsis of homologous chromosomes

C

The bacterium Clostridium tetani is found on nearly all surfaces. A short time after one or two of these bacteria enter a wound, a large number of them may be found in the wound as a result of... A) regeneration B) vegetative propagation C) asexual reproduction D) gametogenesis

C

Mitosis

Process by which the nucleus divides while maintaining number of chromosomes.

Gametes

Sex cells, egg or sperm, which have haploid chromosomes.

Homologous Chromosomes

Similar chromosomes that are found in pairs. The paired chromosomes come from the mother and father. -human body cells have 46 chromosomes each -human body cells have 23 homologous pairs -cells that have homologous pairs are represented by 2n.

Anaphase 2

Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite sides of the cell.

The process of mitosis usually involves. A) reduction in chromosome number and formation of a cell plate B) tetrad formation and fertilization C) DNA replication and separation of chromatids D) chromosome duplication and synapsis.

C

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division? A) two cells, each with one nucleus B) two cells, each without a nucleus C) one cell with two identical nuclei D) one cell without a nucleus

C

Prophase 1 (Meiosis 1)

The homologous pairs come together and join at the centromere to form tetrads. Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes and genes are exchanged causing genetic variation.

Meiosis

The process that results in the formation of gametes.

Anaphase 1 (Meiosis 1)

The spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite sides of the cell. The separation of homologous pairs is called disjunction.

Fertilization

The union of an egg and a sperm.

Cell cycle

period of time from one division to the next -unicellular division results in formation of new individuals of the species. Multicellular division results in replacement of old or damaged cells.

Metaphase 2

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Chromosomes

Condensed rolls of chromatin that are able to be seen during mitosis (rod-like structure)

If an organism reproduces asexually, its offspring will most likely be a) produced from specialized cells known as gametes b) genetically different from each other c) produced as a result of fertilization d) genetically identical to the parent

D

One difference between budding and binary fission in unicellular organisms is that in budding the... A) genetic material is equally divided B) genetic material is unequally divided C) cytoplasm is equally divided D) cytoplasm is unequally divided

D

The ability of cells to pass on their characteristics to new cells is most directly related to the ability of.. A) cytoplasm to excrete wastes B) effectors to respond to environmental changes C) ribosomes to use energy D) chromosomes to replicate

D

The phrases below describe several events that occur during the process of mitosis. A) attachment of double-stranded chromosomes to the spindle apparatus B) formation of single-stranded chromosomes, which are moved to opposite ends of the cell. C) disintegration of the nuclear membrane D) nuclear membrane formation around each set of chromosomes, forming two nuclei. E) Synthesis of a spindle apparatus. Which sequence represents the correct order of these events? A) A->B->C->D->E B) B->D->A->C->E C) A->D->E->B->C D) C->E->A->B->D

D

The presence of a cancerous mass in the lung is a direct result of A) prolonged exposure to very dry air B) the introduction of toxins through breaks in the skin C) meiotic division of normal cells D) the uncontrolled division and growth of abnormal cells.

D

Which statement best describes chromosomes that contain genes for the same characteristics? A) They occur in the same monoploid cell. B) They are linked. C) They are present in a normal gamete. D) They are homologous.

D

Which statement correctly describes mitotic cell division? A) the chromosome number in the daughter cells is reduced by half. B) the fusion of nuclei restores the diploid number. C) two cellular divisions result in the production of four monoploid cells. D) Chromosomes are replicated and two identical daughter nuclei are formed.

D

Haploid

Haploid means cells with half, as in the number chromosomes written as n.

Diploid

Diploid means cells that have chromosomes, found in pairs, written as 2n.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm

Interphase

Known as the "resting phase" cell grows in size by producing more nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular organelles.

Chromatin

Nuclear DNA wound around proteins known as histones.

Metaphase 1 (Meiosis 1)

Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and line them up in the middle of the cell.

Prophase 2

Spindle fibers form and attach to double stranded chromosomes.

Telophase 1 (Meiosis 1)

Telophase 1 and cytokinesis, the nuclear membrane forms and the cell splits into two new cells.

Zygote

The cell that is formed when the egg becomes fertilized by the sperm. This results in a full set of chromosomes.

Meiosis and Fertilization

important for survival of many species, because these processes result in genetic variation of offspring.

Asexual reproduction

reproduction that only involves one parent so therefore no special reproductive organs are needed

Sexual reproduction

sex cells formed by meiosis, requires 2 parents, offspring are not identical.