MKT Research and Analysis- Ch. 11
Determine the mean for the following data set: 2, 5, 7, 12, 8, 17, 19, 18.
11
Nominal or ordinal
Chi-square (nonparametric)
Which of the following assesses how closely observed frequencies fit the pattern of the expected frequencies and is referred to as a "goodness-of-fit" test?
Chi-square analysis
The test used to statistically evaluate the differences between the group means in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is called the _______-________.
F-test
True or false: If one assumes two or more groups are from separate populations then the different groups are considered related samples for conducting statistical tests.
False
Mean
Interval or ratio data, except when there are outliers in the data
Which of the following is true of analysis of variance (ANOVA)?
It does not identify which pairs of means are significantly different from one another.
A statistical technique that determines whether three or more means are statistically different from one another is called _____.
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
A(n) _________ __________ shows tabulated data in the form of bars that may be horizontally or vertically oriented.
bar chart
The most common value in the set of responses to a question is called the
mode
Sometimes, the _____ is also used as a distribution's measure of dispersion.
variance
Ordinal
Percentile
Interval or ratio
Standard deviation
Which of the following describes the average distance of the distribution values from the mean?
Standard deviation
The term "__________" is defined as the arithmetic average of a sample of data—i.e., all values of a distribution of responses are summed and divided by the number of valid responses.
mean
The middle value of a distribution when the distribution is ordered in either an ascending or a descending sequence is called the __________.
median
A type of analysis of variance (ANOVA) that can analyze several independent variables at the same time is called ________-________ ANOVA.
n-way
The method of examining three or more group means that involve only a single independent variable is called _____.
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
A process that is used to develop maps showing the perceptions of respondents is called _______ _______.
perceptual mapping
The average squared deviation about the mean of a distribution of values is called the _____.
variance
Identify the scales of measurement that are associated with parametric statistics. (Check all that apply.)
-Interval scales -Ratio scales
Identify the true statements about the mean as a measure of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-It can be calculated when the data scale is either ratio or interval. -It is fairly insensitive to the addition or deletion of data values.
Identify the true statements about the Scheffé procedure. (Check all that apply.)
-It identifies differences between all pairs of means at low and high ranges of confidence intervals. -It holds experimental error rate to α, which causes wider confidence intervals than in other methods.
Identify the features of cross-tabulation. (Check all that apply.)
-It is easy to create an endless variety of cross-tabulation tables. -It gives research analysts a strong tool to summarize survey data.
Identify the true statements about the median as a measure of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-It is useful for data values that are distorted to either the left or the right. -It is particularly helpful as a central tendency measure for ordinal data.
Identify the measures of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-Mean -Mode -Median
Which of the following measures are appropriate when outliers are present in interval or ratio data? (Check all that apply.)
-Mode -Median
Identify the measures of dispersion. (Check all that apply.)
-Standard deviation -Range
Identify the true statements about the F ratio. (Check all that apply.)
-The larger the difference in the variance between groups, the larger the F ratio. -Larger F ratios imply that there are significant differences between groups.
True or false: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique enables researchers to identify which pairs of means are significantly different from each other.
False
Linda, a researcher, wants to conduct a study to understand the impact of a discount in a client's apparel store on customers who are 20 years old, 40 years old, and 60 years old. Match the types of variables (in the left column) with their appropriate examples from the scenario (in the right column).
Independent variable- Age of the customers. Dependent variable- Impact of the discount.
Null hypothesis
It is based on the idea that changes from the past are caused entirely by random error.
Identify a true statement about cross-tabulation.
It is used to determine if there is a difference between subgroups of the total sample.
Independent variable
It should be categorical or nonmetric.
Dependent variable
It should be either interval or ratio scaled.
Alternative hypothesis
It states that there is a difference between the means of a group.
Independent samples
Means are compared between the types of accessories selected by males who are 40 and males who are 25.
Related samples
Means are compared between the types of houses a particular sample buys and the types of professions of the same sample.
Which of the following is particularly useful as a measure for data that have been somehow categorized into groups?
Mode
Nominal
None
Median
Ordinal data
X1-X2/SX1-X2 is the formula to calculate _____, where X1 = mean of sample 1, X2 = mean of sample 2, and SX1 - X2 = standard error of the difference between the two means.
the t value
Which of the following provides a mathematical means of calculating if the difference between two sample means occurred by chance?
The t-test
Identify a true statement about bar charts.
They are excellent tools to display both relative and absolute magnitudes, differences, and change.
Nonparametric statistics
They are used when one cannot assume a normal distribution.
Parametric statistics
They are used when sample data are collected from populations with bell-shaped distributions.
Which of the following is true of mean, median, and mode?
They locate the center of a distribution.
True or false: Perceptual maps are visual representations of subjects' perceptions about a product, company, brand, service, or any other object in two dimensions.
True
True or false: Sample statistics are useful in drawing inferences about a population's parameters.
True
True or false: The usage of two or more independent factors creates the possibility of an interaction effect.
True
True or false: Unlike the univariate test, in the bivariate test, researchers assume that samples are taken from populations with normal distributions and that there are equal variances in the populations.
True
Independent samples
Two or more groups of responses that are tested as though they may come from different populations
Related samples
Two or more groups of responses that originated from the sample population
A hypothesis test that utilizes the t distribution and is used when the sample size is smaller than 30 and the standard deviation is unknown is called a(n) _________-__________.
t-test
Variance between groups/Variance within groups is the formula for calculating _____.
the F ratio
Interval or ratio
ANOVA and t-test (parametric)
Mode
Nominal data
Which of the following is a ratio of the difference between two sample means and the standard error?
The t value
Determine the median value for the following distribution: 18, 15, 16, 14, 13, 12, 19.
15
Calculate the mean for the following distribution: 3, 4, 4, 9, 7, 6, 2, 5, 5.
5
Calculate the mode for the following data values: 3, 5, 7, 9, 5, 6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
5
Determine the mode value for the following data distribution: 29, 56, 89, 45, 26, 29, 33, 42, 45, 56, 54, 25, 26, 56, 39.
56
Calculate the median for the following distribution of data values: 6, 5, 9, 8, 3, 7, 4, 6, 8.
6
Determine the range for the following data distribution: 56, 14, 25, 91, 73, 86, 40, 23.
77
Calculate the range for the following values: 31, 56, 48, 75, 95, 24, 15, 35.
80
Which of the following describes how close to a measure of central tendency the rest of the values in the distribution fall?
A measure of dispersion
Alternative hypothesis
Attitudes, behaviors, or some similar measure has experienced a change.
∑i−1n(Observedi-Expectedi)2/Expectedi is the formula to calculate _____, where Observedi = observed frequency in cell i, Expectedi = expected frequency in cell i, and n = number of cells.
Chi-square value
Null hypothesis
Status quo remains unchanged.
Which of the following identifies the endpoints of a distribution of values?
The range
A(n) _______-________ test is a test that flags the means that are statistically different from each other; it is performed after an analysis of variance (ANOVA) determines there are differences between means.
follow-up
An unproven supposition or proposition that temporarily explains certain facts or phenomena is called a(n) _____.
hypothesis
Multiple independent variables in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) can act together to affect dependent variable group means; this process is called a(n) ________ ________.
interaction effect
Paul, a researcher, wants to compare the effects of two different types of beverages on young adults from Noratia and young adults from Riskin. In order to do this, Paul must use _____.
n-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
The distance between the smallest and largest values of the variable is called the _____.
range
Similar to the univariate t-test, the bivariate t-test _____.
requires ratio or interval data
Measures that are directly obtained from a sample or determined from the data in the sample are called _____.
sample statistics
The formula ∑^i−1n(Xi−X)2/n−1√ is used to calculate _____, where Xi = each individual value in a distribution, X = mean, and n = number of respondents.
standard deviation