MLT 236 : Hematology Unit 1 (1-50)
10) The transmission of HBV is _____ probable than transmission of HIV. A. less B. more
B
12) Diluted bleach for disinfecting work surfaces, equipment, and spills should be prepared daily by preparing a _____ dilution of household bleach. A. 1:5 B. 1:10 C. 1:20 D. 1:100
B
13) The above dilution requires _____ mL of bleach diluted to 100 mL with H2O. A. 1 B. 10 C. 25 D. 50
B
15) Which of the following statements is not a nonanalytical factor in a Quality Assessment system? A. Qualified personnel and established laboratory policies B. Monitoring the standard deviation and reporting results of normal and abnormal controls C. Maintenance of a procedure manual and the use of appropriate methodology D. Preventive maintenance of equipment and correct specimen collection
B
17) Accuracy is _____ A. The value is known in a specimen similar to a patient's whole blood or serum. B. Closeness to the true value C. The process of monitoring accuracy D. Comparison to a known physical constant
B
21) Standards is _____ A. How close test results are when repeated. B. A purified substance of a known composition. C. The process of monitoring accuracy and reproducibility of known control results. D. The value is unknown
B
23) Which of the following is not a function of a quantitative QC program? A. Monitors the correct functioning of equipment, reagents, and individual technique B. Confirms the correct identity of patient specimens C. Compares the accuracy of controls to reference values D. Detects shifts in control values
B
27) Define Standard Deviation A. The difference between the upper and lower measurements in a series of results B. The expression of the position of each test result to the average C. The arithmetic average D. The degree to which test data vary about the average
B
34) Two standard deviations (2 SD) from the mean in a normal distribution curve would include A. 99% of all values B. 95% of all values C. 75% of all values D. 68% of all values
B
36) What mandated regulation did the Occupation Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) implement to improve safety against bloodborne pathogens in the laboratory? A. Right to Know B. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens C. Material Safety Data Sheets D. Chemical Hazard Communications
B
4) If a blood specimen is spilled on a laboratory bench or floor area, the first step in cleanup should be A. wear gloves and a lab coat B. absorb blood with disposable towels C. clean with freshly prepared 1% chlorine solution D. wash with water
B
40) What type of container is appropriate for the disposal of needles and other sharp objects that have come into contact with blood or body fluids? A. Red biohazard bags doubled up B. Red biohazard puncture resistant containers C. Cardboard boxes D. Glass bottles labeled as biohazardous
B
41) Which of the following viruses is stable in dried blood at room temperature for 7 days? A) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) B) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) C) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) D) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B
42) In 1991, what did OSHA issue as a federal mandate that all employers must provide to their employees? A. Chemical exposure testing B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. Guidelines on workplace violence D. Measles vaccine
B
44) What is the minimum contact time that bleach or an EPA-registered disinfectant must be in contact with a work surface to properly destroy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A) 20 minutes B) 10 minutes C) 5 minutes D) 30 minutes
B
47) What did the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) act establish? A. Chemical safety B. Levels of testing C. Standard Precautions D. Vaccination protocols
B
9) Exposure to _____ constitutes the major source of HIV and HBV infection in healthcare personnel. A. sputum B. blood C. urine D. semen
B
14) The laboratory procedure manual does not need to include A. test method, principle of the test, and clinical applications B. specimen collection and storage procedures C. the name of the supplier of common laboratory chemicals D. QC techniques, procedures, normal values, and technical sources of error
C
16) In which of the following laboratory situations is a verbal report permissible? A. When the patient is going directly to the physician's office and would like to have the report available B. When the report cannot be found at the nurse's station C. When emergency test results are needed by a physician D. None of the above
C
22) Quality is _____ A. How close test results are when repeated. B. A purified substance of a known composition. C. The process of monitoring accuracy and reproducibility of known control results. D. The value is unknown
C
24) Define Mean A. The difference between the upper and lower measurements in a series of results B. The expression of the position of each test result to the average C. The arithmetic average D. The degree to which test data vary about the average
C
28) The coefficient of variation is the A. sum of the squared differences from the mean B. square root of the variance from the mean C. standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean D. degree to which test data vary about the average
C
3) Which of the following is not an appropriate safety practice? A. Disposing of needles in biohazard, puncture-proof containers B. Frequent handwashing C. Sterilizing lancets for reuse D. Keeping food out of the same areas as specimens
C
30) Acceptable limits of a control value must fall A. within ±1 standard deviation of the mean B. between 1 and 2 standard deviations of the mean C. within ±2 standard deviations of the mean D. within ±3 standard deviations of the mean
C
39) What does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate to be the approximate number of needlestick injuries that occur each year in the United States? A. 38,000 B. 50,000 C. 380,000 D. 500,000
C
48) What component is not part of laboratory quality assessment? A. Quality control B. Excellence in performance C. Standardized break time D. Monitoring of nonanalytical factors
C
19) Control is _____ A. The value is known in a specimen similar to a patient's whole blood or serum. B. Closeness to the true value C. The process of monitoring accuracy D. Comparison to a known physical constant
A
2) The major intended purpose of the laboratory safety manual is to A. protect the patient and laboratory personnel B. protect laboratory and other hospital personnel C. comply with local health and state regulatory requirements D. comply with OSHA regulations
A
20) Precision is _____ A. How close test results are when repeated. B. A purified substance of a known composition. C. The process of monitoring accuracy and reproducibility of known control results. D. The value is unknown
A
25) Define Range A. The difference between the upper and lower measurements in a series of results B. The expression of the position of each test result to the average C. The arithmetic average D. The degree to which test data vary about the average
A
29) The z score measures A. how many standard deviations a particular number is from the R/L of the mean B. the sum of the squared differences from the mean C. the square root of the variance from the mean D. the expression of the position of each test result to the average
A
31) A trend change in QC data is A. a progressive change all in one direction away from the mean for at least 3 days B. an abrupt shift in the control values C. scattered variations from the mean D. a progressive change in various directions away from the mean for at least 1 week
A
37) Standard Precautions was implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a way to protect healthcare workers from A. Bloodborne pathogen exposure B. Chemical exposure C. Violent patients D. Workplace harassment
A
49) What is the most common source of laboratory error? A. Preanalytical/preevaluation B. Analytical/preevaluation C. Postanalytical/postevaluation D. Both A and C
A
5) Which of the following procedures is the most basic and effective in preventing nosocomial infections? A. Washing hands between patient contacts B. Wearing laboratory coats C. Isolating infectious patients D. Isolating infectious specimens
A
6) The likelihood of infection after exposure to HBV-infected or HIV-infected blood or body fluids depends on all of the following factors except the A. source (anatomical site) of the blood or fluid B. concentration of the virus C. duration of the contact D. presence of nonintact skin
A
1) The function (or functions) of a hematology laboratory is (are) to A. confirm the physician's impression of a possible hematological disorder B. establish or rule out a diagnosis C. screen for asymptomatic disorders D. all of the above
D
11) Gloves for medical use may be A. sterile or nonsterile B. latex or vinyl C. used only once D. all of the above
D
18) Calibration is _____ A. The value is known in a specimen similar to a patient's whole blood or serum. B. Closeness to the true value C. The process of monitoring accuracy D. Comparison to a known physical constant
D
26) Define Variance A. The difference between the upper and lower measurements in a series of results B. The expression of the position of each test result to the average C. The arithmetic average D. The degree to which test data vary about the average
D
32) A continuously increasing downward variation in a control sample in one direction from the mean can indicate A. deterioration of reagents used in the test B. deterioration of the control specimen C. deterioration of a component in an instrument D. all of the above
D
33) Which of the following statements is true of a gaussian curve? A. It represents the standard deviation. B. It represents the coefficient of variation. C. It represents variance of a population. D. It represents a normal bell-shaped distribution
D
35) Which agency is responsible for ensuring safe and healthful working conditions for every U.S. worker? A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) B. The Joint Commission (TJC) C. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) D. Occupation Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
D
38) Basic personal protective equipment includes all of the following except A. Gloves B. Gowns C. Face mask D. Respirator
D
43) What diseases must a laboratory worker and phlebotomist demonstrate immunity against? A. Measles and HBV B. HBV and rubella C. HBV and TB D. Both A and B
D
45) Implementation of Standard Precautions eliminates A) Need for separate isolation for infectious patients B) Need for warning labels on specimens C) Need for wearing gloves when handling specimens D) Both A and B
D
46) According the CLSI, the minimum components of a laboratory procedure document must include A) Principle of the procedure and clinical application B) Reagent, supplies, and equipment information C) Limitation of the procedure D) All of the above
D
50) If a delay is encountered in the analysis of a whole blood specimen, it should not be A. Refrigerated B. Frozen C. Left at room temperature D. Both B and C
D
7) HBV and HIV may be directly transmitted in the occupational setting by all of the following except A. parenteral inoculation with contaminated blood B. exposure of intact skin to contaminated blood or certain body fluids C. exposure of intact mucous membranes to contaminated blood or certain body fluids D. sharing bathroom facilities with an HIV-positive person
D
8) Standard precautions have been instituted in clinical laboratories to prevent _____ exposures of healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and HBV. A. parenteral B. nonintact mucous membrane C. nonintact skin D. all of the above
D
