MM7

Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location? Plasmids DNA ligase Chromosomal DNA Restriction enzymes

DNA ligase

Synthetic nucleic acids are useful as

DNA probes, primers, and antisense RNAs.

What provides the energy for DNA polymerization in a PCR reaction? DNA polymerase Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates Template DNA Primers

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

If a scientist wanted to view the location of a particular species of bacterium within a biofilm, which technique could be used? fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) electroporation nucleotide sequencing DNA fingerprinting

fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode? 5000 base pairs 750 base pairs 1000 base pairs 2500 base pairs 250 base pairs

250 base pairs

In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the new DNA strand?

5' to 3'

Which of the following would be a likely cutting sequence for a restriction enzyme? GTTAAC GAAGAA GGAATC GATTAG

GTTAAC

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell? Restriction enzymes can only be used inside of a cell. It can protect the recombinant DNA. Plasmids cannot be isolated outside of a host cell. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

Why is DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus ideal for PCR? It can synthesize DNA 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'. It does not require primers. It does not require energy to polymerize DNA. It can withstand the high temperatures associated with PCR.

It can withstand the high temperatures associated with PCR.

Which of the following is an application that uses PCR? Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism Providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism Diagnosing a disease Sequencing a gene

Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism

A researcher mistakenly uses a heat-sensitive version of DNA polymerase in a PCR. Which of the following will occur? The PCR will proceed normally, but an extremely large number of mistakes will occur. The PCR will stop after one cycle. The PCR will not be able to stop. The PCR will proceed normally.

The PCR will stop after one cycle.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why human proteins can be synthesized in bacteria or yeast through genetic engineering? This approach is usually less expensive than traditional methods. There is no risk of accidentally transferring pathogens. Large quantities of the protein can be made easily. The protein produced by microbes works better than the original protein.

The protein produced by microbes works better than the original protein.

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences? They cut DNA at sequences that have lots of adenine bases. They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences. They have the ability to cut DNA randomly.

They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences.

What is the function of the primers in PCR? They are the monomer building blocks from which the DNA strand is synthesized. They provide energy for the DNA polymerization reactions. They provide a 3' end for the DNA polymerase. They polymerize free nucleotides to form the new DNA strands.

They provide a 3' end for the DNA polymerase.

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene? To remove an undesirable gene To replace a defective gene with a working gene To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene To insert a desirable gene

To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

What is the end goal of PCR? To allow cells to make DNA faster, thereby growing faster To increase the pool of different DNA sequences To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence

To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes a DNA molecule from an RNA template. (T/F)

True

Under ideal conditions, the number of DNA molecules produced during PCR increases exponentially. (T/F)

True

The use of microbes to make practical products such as vaccines or hormones is called (genomics/recombination/biotechnology).

biotechnology

Which of the following is essential in PCR? both DNA primers and DNA polymerase DNA primers DNA polymerase reverse transcriptase antisense RNAs

both DNA primers and DNA polymerase

cDNA stands for

complementary DNA

Transgenic organisms have genomes that have been sequenced completely. contain genes from other organisms. contain cells from other organisms. contain genetically engineered microbes. are the same as clones.

contain genes from other organisms.

Replacing a patient's defective gene with a fragment containing a functional gene is gene mapping. gene cloning. gene selection. gene therapy. genomics.

gene therapy.

The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is called PCR. protein synthesis. northern blotting. gene therapy. genomics.

genomics

Which of the following is NOT a goal of recombinant DNA technology? making it possible to clone humans creating organisms capable of producing useful products being able to remove or correct damaging traits in humans eliminating undesirable traits from livestock or crops combining genetic material from more than one organism to produce new useful organisms

making it possible to clone humans

Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of genetic sequences of a virus in a sample? PCR cloning genome mapping microarray microarray or PCR

microarray or PCR

DNA microarrays can be used to create millions of copies of a target DNA sequence monitor gene expression locate cells that contain specific DNA sequences determine the base sequence of a DNA molecule

monitor gene expression

PCR stands for

polymerase chain reaction

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ________ electrode because they have an overall ________ charge. positive; negative negative; positive negative and positive; neutral negative; negative positive; positive

positive; negative

Beta-carotene, the biochemical precursor to vitamin A, can be added to rice by using (biotechnology/cloning/recombinant) DNA technology, thereby increasing its nutritional value.

recombinant

Which of the following enzymes can make specific cuts in DNA molecules? reverse transcriptase DNA ligase DNA polymerase restriction enzymes

restriction enzymes

Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of

reverse transcriptase

The enzyme reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. synthesizes DNA from a DNA template of the same polarity. synthesizes RNA from an RNA template. can synthesize DNA or RNA from an RNA template. synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.

Four different fluorescent dyes are used in automated DNA sequencing because __________. DNA molecules are cut into four pieces during the process there are four different nucleotides in DNA there are four different types of DNA that can be sequenced using the procedure the process involves four different steps

there are four different nucleotides in DNA