MNGT study guide

A sabbatical involves

taking time off from work to engage in an alternative activity.

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

true

Job characteristics theory argues that variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback result in high levels of the three psychological states (meaningfulness of work, responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of results), making work tasks more satisfying.

true

Job satisfaction is one of the strongest predictors of life satisfaction.

true

Member satisfaction is lowest in a decentralized communication structure.

true

Satisfaction with the work itself reflects employees' feelings about their actual work tasks and has the strongest influence on overall job satisfaction.

true

Stress is an individual mechanism that reflects employees' psychological responses to job demands that tax or exceed their capacities.

true

The first step in a job analysis is to list the activities involved in the job.

true

The transactional theory of stress includes both a primary appraisal of a stressor to determine if a demand is stressful, and a secondary appraisal to determine how to cope with the stressor.

true

Time pressure, work complexity, and work responsibility are all examples of work challenge stressors.

true

Transactive memory refers to how specialized knowledge is distributed among members in a manner that results in an effective system of memory for the team.

true

Which of the following best describes the correlation between restructuring and organizational commitment? Moderate, positive Strong, negative Weak, negative Moderate, negative Weak, positive

Moderate, negative

Which of the following statements is an expression of continuance commitment?

My salary and benefits get us a nice house in our town. The cost of living would be higher in a new area.

Rational persuasion is a tactic designed to appeal to the target's values and ideals, thereby creating an emotional or attitudinal reaction

false

Social loafing is a type of production blocking.

false

The definition of job performance encompasses only positive behaviors, not negative ones.

false

The encounter stage of socialization begins after an employee has completed a probationary period on a new job.

false

The only way to know if a restructuring was truly successful is to reconfigure the organizational chart to see if any layers were removed.

false

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

false, It has been argued that up to 90 percent of the knowledge contained in organizations occurs in tacit form.

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is known as

selective perception.

Maintaining a good attitude with coworkers, even when they have done something annoying or when the unit is going through tough times, is known as

sportmanship

Agreeable people prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

true

As companies become larger, they tend to use a combination of specialization, formalization, and centralization to control their activities, thereby becoming more mechanistic in nature.

true

Conscientious employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.

true

Continuance commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

true

Countercultures are sometimes beneficial to an organization.

true

Emotion-focused coping is used by employees when they feel they have no control over the stressful environment.

true

Employees with a high VwantVwant value who work for an organization that supplies them with a low VhaveVhave value are dissatisfied if the value is important to them.

true

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment.

true

Integrative bargaining tends to produce a higher level of outcome favorability when both parties' views are considered, compared with distributive bargaining.

true

Which of the following is specifically identified with job significance?

A sense of doing something positive for others.

Which of the following conditions describes a physiological strain?

A weakening of the immune system

Salma is a top salesperson who is highly regarded in her department for the ability to give verbal presentations to high-powered clients. This describes Salma's

Ability

is an interpersonal process that involves activities that foster a sense of emotional balance and unity.

Affect management

Which of the following examples demonstrates the most effective recovery activity?

Amelia knits blankets to donate to a local hospital, so she knits for one hour each night while watching TV.

Davit takes a personal location device with him whenever he goes hiking in the woods because the park ranger said it saves lives when a hiker becomes lost. Davit is exhibiting the method of

Authority

How does job satisfaction positively affect job performance?

By increasing task performance.

Which structure is best employed when organizations have a number of very large customers or groups of customers that all act in a similar way? Geographic Functional Simple Product Client

Client

Which of the following statements concerning personality and cultural values is not true?

Employees are the same anywhere in the world—responsible, easygoing employees from the United States act the same as responsible, easygoing employees in China.

Extraversion is the most difficult personality trait to judge in situations in which two people have only just met.

False

_____ refers to the degree to which rules and procedures are used to standardize behaviors and decisions in an organization. Span of control Chain of command Work specialization Centralization Formalization

Formalization

_____ structures are extremely efficient when the organization as a whole has a relatively narrow focus, few product lines or services, and a stable environment. Geographic Functional Simple Product Client

Functional

Which of the following organizations has a strong culture?

Global Package Delivery Systems, whose drivers dress the same, drive the same types of trucks, follow the most efficient routes, and rarely deviate from established delivery protocols

One of the taxonomies used to describe cultural values is the

Hofstede Dimensions.

Which of the following is true regarding an organization's "span of control"? It reflects the power of lower-level employees to make decisions affecting the organization. A narrow span of control is especially important if the manager has lesser skill or expertise than the subordinates. A narrow span of control requires the employment of fewer managers resulting in decreased labor costs. If the span of control becomes too narrow, employees become resentful of their close supervision. Research suggests that a narrow span of control is best for an organization's productivity.

If the span of control becomes too narrow, employees become resentful of their close supervision.

Which of the following is an accurate description of organizational behavior?

It is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.

Which of the following is accurate with regard to team process training?

It occurs in the context of a team experience, which facilitates effective functioning and performance of a team as an intact unit.

Which of the following is true about "agreeableness"

It reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

Which of the following qualities of an organization adds to the value of its resources by making it inimitable?

Its people

_________blank refers to how you feel about your work and what you think about your work.

Job Satisfaction

Which one of the following is an individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers?

Job motivation

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organization?

Lateral Communication is encouraged

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organic organization? There are very clear lines of authority. There are high levels of hierarchical control Lateral communication is encouraged. Employees are given a very narrow view of their tasks. There is a high degree of work specialization.

Lateral communication is encouraged.

The ASA framework holds that potential employees will be attracted to organizations whose cultures

Match their personality

yan works in a company where she is part of a programming team, but she is also part of a team dedicated to working on a new type of security system. She is stressed because she has to report to a manager for the security project, as well as the head programming engineer, who is always telling her she needs to deal with programming before "playing with the burglar alarm." However, Yan knows the company is depending on the security system to help add important clients. Which type of organizational structure does Yan's company use?

Matrix

Which type of organizational structure can create high stress levels for employees by giving them two chains of command? Multi-divisional structures Simple structures Functional structures Matrix structures Client-based structures

Matrix structures

Jorge is new to his company. One of his colleagues, Darius, who has been with the company for years, takes Jorge under his wing and helps him navigate the company's culture and adapt to its norms. Darius's behavior is an example of

Mentoring

Belinay works as a loan processor for a mortgage company. Her coworkers are escrow officers, software developers, and marketers. While everyone gets along well, there is little groupthink; everyone is involved in their own teams and projects. This is an example of a(n) _________blank culture.

Networked

Which of the following is an example of a daily hassle?

Office equipment malfunctions

Which of the following is true according to the Rule of One-Eighth?

One-half of the firms that make comprehensive changes will persist with their practices long enough to derive economic benefits.

Which dimension addressed in most socialization efforts deals with information regarding formal and informal work relationships and power structures within the organization?

Politics

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which members believe that the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks?

Potency

Which of the following is an example of a positive emotion?

Pride

Keenan had worked at the post office for many years, accepting packages for mailing that customers had packed themselves. Keenan could look at a package and tell if it met mailing specifications, as well as any corrective actions that needed to be taken. His quick assessments were based on _________blank decisions.

Programmed

FourSquare Incorporated usually moves new employees to a higher position within two years. The company also has a policy of filling most of its higher-level positions internally. Which facet of job satisfaction has FourSquare fostered?

Promotion satisfaction

Which of the following is accurate with regard to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) method of personality measurement?

Research on this model suggests that managers are more likely than the general population to be "thinking-judging" personality types.

Which of the following is not an example of a bureaucratic structure? Simple structure Functional structure Multi-divisional structure Product structure Matrix structure

Simple structure

Which of the following is true of stress?

Stress depends on both the nature of the demand and the person who confronts it.

_________blank is typically job or situation specific.

Tacit knowledge

Which of the following factors of organizational design refers to the method by which a company transforms inputs into outputs?

Technology

Which of the following statements is true of person-organization fit?

The company can expect a committed worker when there is good person-organization fit.

Which of the following is an enacted value rather than an espoused value?

The doctor believes exercise leads to good health and every year the doctor's office workers participate in their city's 5k charity run.

Which of the following is a consequence of high job identity?

The employee feels annoyed about not getting a job finished.

Which of the following is true regarding mechanistic companies? They are well adapted to deal with a dynamic business environment. They mostly follow a strategy of product/service differentiation. They frequently change technologies to suit needs of various customers. They have a decentralized decision-making process. They are efficient, rigid, and predictable, and they thrive in stable environments.

They are efficient, rigid, and predictable, and they thrive in stable environments.

If a scatter plot comparing two variables results in a straight line, which of the following best describes the correlation between the two variables?

They show a perfect correlation of 1.00.

Jattestor Enterprises administered the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) to all its employees and then shared the results with department heads. Afterward, which of the following department heads acted most appropriately?

Tom implemented several reforms based on the results.

_________blank occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once the period of learning ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

Transfer of training

The performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning.

True

ealistic job previews occur during the anticipatory stage of socialization during the recruitment process.

True

_____ is the way in which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs. Span of control Chain of command Work specialization Centralization Formalization

Work specialization

Transactional contracts are based on

a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.

Lena took a test and found out she has an investigative personality type. According to the RIASEC model, Lena will probably enjoy _________blank and tend to be _________blank.

abstract, analytical, theory-oriented tasks; analytical, intellectual, reserved, and scholarly

What is systems monitoring?

an action process that involves keeping track of things that the team needs to accomplish its work

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive method of emotion-focused coping?

avoiding

Which style of conflict resolution should you use when there is no acceptable alternative and you cannot win?

avoiding

A formalized method of training in which employees observe and learn from employees with significant amounts of tacit knowledge is known as _________blank training.

behavior modeling

The type of power most likely to result in negative feelings toward those who wield it is

coercive.

Menchie started a new job and was trained by the supervisor. However, the supervisor was not an adequate trainer and left Menchie with more questions than answers. Most of what the supervisor told Menchie was unclear or incomplete. What does Menchie's supervisor lack?

communication competence

Which of the Big Five personality traits has the greatest effect on typical performance?

conscientiousness

Resistance is most likely to occur when the target

considers the request inappropriate or unreasonable.

What are the three factors that account for a team's ability to make accurate and effective decisions?

decision informity, staff validity, and hierarchical sensitivity

Which of the following is a "hidden cost" of employee turnover?

decreases morale

The staff at company headquarters seemed to have a problem with motivation, so the organization's leadership brought in Herb Sewell, one of the most prominent motivational experts in the industry. Herb had what sounded at first like a lot of crazy ideas, but as it turned out, there was a method to his madness, and after a week of doing his strange-sounding, sometimes downright comical team-building exercises, the staff had a renewed level of excitement and commitment. This happened in part because the company leadership gave Herb a high degree of _________blank in doing his job.

discretion

Von works for a company that produces plant-based meat substitutes. The company's marketing makes clear that one of its core principles is "improving the health of our planet and its people." This statement represents a(n)

espoused value.

A causal inference describes the statistical relationship between two variables.

false

Human resource management focuses on the corporate tactics and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability.

false

Leaders use avoiding when they know they are right and a quick decision needs to be made.

false

"Span of control" answers the question of "Who reports to whom?" and signifies formal authority relationships.

false,Chain of command, not span of control, answers the question of "Who reports to whom?" and signifies formal authority relationships. A manager's span of control represents how many employees they are responsible for in the organization.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

false,Learning reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience.

Maksim is an attorney working with a client seeking damages from a restoration expert who failed to properly restore a yacht, leaving it unable to be launched. The client is demanding $150,000, as well as an apology. In order to best help the client, Maksim needs to

find out the lowest settlement amount the client is willing to accept.

Which of the following is the most widely used supportive practice among small, medium, and large companies?

flextime

An organizational structure

formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the company.

Functional structures are extremely efficient when the organization

has a relatively narrow focus, few product lines or services, and a stable environment.

Isaac had been on sick leave for two weeks; when he returned, Benito helped Isaac catch up on routine duties. Benito is

helping, an interpersonal citizenship behavior.

With regard to the value-percept theory, which of the following conditions for a value would result in a high level of employee dissatisfaction?

high Vwant , low Vhave , and high Vimportance

Pamela's sales have been slipping for the last four quarters, but this has not adversely affected her performance ratings. As her boss, Paul, observes, "Things are tough all over, and especially in that northeastern territory where she's working. I do not think anybody else could have done any better, given the same situation." This indicates _________blank attribution.

high consensus resulting in an external

Emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations are known as

intuition

During a restructuring, managers can best help the company recover by managing

layoff survivors

The use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement is known as

leadership

Which of the following best describes the correlation between restructuring and organizational commitment?

moderate, negative,Restructuring has a significant negative effect on organizational commitment. Restructuring efforts can increase stress and jeopardize employees' trust in the organization. Restructuring has a moderate negative effect on commitment.

The personality dimension of neuroticism is associated with the traits of being

moody and emotional.

Spending money to train and develop employees is a means of fostering

normative commitment.

When actions by individuals in an organization are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests, this is known as

organizational politics.

Cuba is the CEO of a large shipping company. He has some very talented employees, but the company keeps falling behind its competitors. When Cuba observes what is going on, he finds some cases where managers are micromanaging good employees, while other managers cannot address all the needs of their employees. Cuba needs to address how the company's talent is

organized.

The type of power that exists when others have a desire to identify and be associated with a person is _________blank power.

referent

Well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, predictable way are known as

routine task performance.

A communal community has both high sociability and high solidarity.

true

Which of the following communication network structures has the highest centralization?

wheel

When does apprising occur?

when the requestor clearly explains why performing the request will benefit the target personally