MOD 10: CH. 33, 34, 35, 36

Blood loss in a child exceeding ____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

25%

Atherosclerotic disease affects more than___ % of people older than 65 years.

60

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70 to 120 beats/min

Characteristic anatomic features of Down Syndrome include

A round head with a flat occiput

The aging process starts in the late 20s and early 30s. At which of the following ages is the rate of aging the greatest? 35 years 85 years 55 years

All are the same

The largest component of the urinary system is the kidneys. Age-related changes in the kidneys changes in the kidneys include? a reduction in renal function a reduction in renal blood flow tubule degeneration

All of these answers are correct

Which of the following can predispose older people to being struck by a vehicle? Changes in hearing Changes in posture Changes in vision

All of these reasons are correct

____ is an abnormal, blood-filled dilation of the wall of a blood vessels that is commonly seen in geriatric patients.

An aneurysm

Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in patients older than 65 years of age?

Asthma

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction

Age-related changes in respiratory function in geriatric patients can cause lower pulse oximetry readings. Which of the following receptors is responsible for monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

Chemoreceptors

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?

Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy

Two thirds of children born with Down Syndrome have

Congenital heart disease.

Pressure ulcers or bedsores are also known as?

Decubitis ulcers

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is called?

Dementia

What is widespread in the geriatric population and contributes to nutritional and digestive problems?

Dental loss

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these represent coining--a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

Document this on the patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

Which of the following is the LEAST common cause of death in patients older than 65 years of age?

Drug overdose

Many older patients are unable to develop?

Fever

Patients who have a fever and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the shoulder may have?

Gallbladder disease

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is correct?

Hearing aids cannot restore hearing to normal levels.

Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that affects the body's metabolism, temperature, growth, and_______

Heart rate

The endocrine system uses___ to control physiologic processes.

Hormones

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

Human resource agencies fail to investigate.

Which of the following statements about delirium is NOT true?

Long-term memories fade

Tubule degeneration means?

Loss of functioning nephron units.

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is called?

Orthostatic hypotension

Which of the following conditions makes the elderly patient prone to fractures from even minor trauma?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?

Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration

Which of the following statements regarding patients with developmental disabilities is correct?

Patients with developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients.

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include?

Positioning yourself approximately 18" directly in front of the patient.

What symptoms differentiates a pulmonary embolism from an infection like pneumonia?

Shortness of breath

Common associated conditions in patients with Spina Bifida include all of the following EXCEPT

Spastic limb movement.

Which of the following choices is NOT a common stereotype of older patients?

The patient prefers to be left alone

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

What is ageism?

The stereotyping of older peple

When speaking to an older patient, which of the following should you do?

Try to talk in a lower tone.

With age, the immune response becomes less effective at fighting infection. Besides pneumonia, which other type of infection is common in bedridden patients?

Urinary tract infections

The tip of a central venous catheter rests in the ?

Vena Cava

Spina bifida is MOST accurately defined as:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Osteoporosis is defined as:

a decrease in bone mass and density.

Characteristic anatomic features of Down syndrome include:

a round head with a flat occiput

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

a triplication of chromosome 21

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse.

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should suspect:

an aortic aneurysm.

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

If suctioning of the tracheostomy tube is necessary, the EMT should:

attempt to use the patient's suction device first because it is probably already sized correctly.

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

When assessing or providing care to a patient with a developmental disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement.

body

CEREBRAL PALSY IS A CONDITION THAT RESULTS FROM DAMAGE OR INJURY TO THE:

brain

A per son is said to be obese when he or she is------ over his of her ideal weight?

by 20% to 30%

Syncope in the older patient is:

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Vagal nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

chronic seizure disorders

As a person ages, the heart may enlarge as a result of:

chronically increased afterload.

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called ?

colostomy

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. You should:

determine the patient's baseline mental status.

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and use a bag-mask device

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should:

establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plan to help

Good general communication techniques with the elderly include:

frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.

A service dog is easily identified by its

harness.

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the patient's health status.

Patients with autism

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps

The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:

help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.

For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?

hydrocephalus

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

is usually considered irreversible.

Polypharmacy is a term used to describe patient who takes?

multiple medications

In contrast to conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is caused by

nerve damage

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct.

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause a patient to slur words, speak very slowly or speak in a monotone?

parkinsons disease

Autism is MOST accurately defined as a:

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

pneumonia.

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

polypharmacy.

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess CSF from accumulating in the brain

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected

When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:

report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

rupture of a central vein.

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

secretions can build up in and around the tube.

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

she became dizzy or fainted before falling.

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt

BY PLACING ON HAND ON TOP OF YOUR HEAD AND THE OTHER HAND OVER YOUR ABDOMEN, YOU ARE ASKING A HEARING-IMPAIRED PATIENT IF HE/SHE IS:

sick

An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves

speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition.

In contrast to a living will, a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order becomes valid when:

the patient develops cardiac arrest.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed 4 times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you.

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions