Mod 13 Art History

Anish Kapoor

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untitled

- believed in commutative power of language and this installation focused specifically on text, statements were often contradictory and vague

Man Smoking/Malcolm X

- like other 19 images in the kitchen table series, this photograph tells universal story about personal relationships in addition to capturing characteristic moment in one African American household

I.M. Pei

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Maya Lin

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Richard Serra

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Branded

- "petite" "delacate" - underscores dicotomy between perfect bodies of fashion models and most people, Meagher describes her paintings as a "feminist aesthetics of disgust"

David Hammons

- African American, combines sharp social commentary with beguiling sensory elements

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

- Andy goldsworthy most prominent to smithson's earthworks movement, but most famous environmental artists of past few decades are these two - couple sought to tensify viewers awareness of space in features of rural and urban sites - Christo began to in case objects in clumsy wrappings thereby appropriating bits of the real world into the mysterious World of the unopened package whose contents can be dimly seen in silhouette under the wrap

Kiki Smith

- Hallmark of the distinctly unflattering approach to representation of the human body - experience with training as emergency medical service technician, her studies of bodies afflicted by illness deserve comparison with other artists works addressing physical devastation brought on by AIDS but her goals are different - wants to reveal socially constructed nature of body and encourages fewer to consider how external forces shape people's perceptions of their bodies

your gaze hits the side of my face

- Incorporated layout techniques that magazine and billboard designers use to sell consumer goods - her goal was to subvert the typical use of advertising imagery, aimed to expose the deceptiveness of media messages that viewers complacently absorb - wants to undermine the myths about women that media constantly reinforce - vertical format of words is staccato exercise with overlaid cumulative quality that delays understanding and intensifies meaning therefore use of text is significant

Figural art

- Lucian Freud influencial

Kimo Tsuchiya

- Shinto beliefs in generative forces of nature and in humankind's position as part of the totality of nature holds great appeal to him - best known for large-scale sculptures constructed of branches or driftwood - despite abstract nature his works assert the life forces found in natural materials thereby engaging viewers in a consideration of their own relationship to nature

Martha Rosler

- Street violence and armed combat are themes of her work also, especially in "bringing the war home: house beautiful" series - professor at rutger's University - theme of social and political commentary, primarily issues concerning women, housing and homelessness and War and its depiction in the media Sandow Birk

abstract painting and sculpture

- Susan rothenberg produced large-scale neo-expressionist paintings inspired by German expressionism and American abstract expressionism, exploration of dynamic style through landscape as central theme such as in Summer Trees (Song Su-Nam) and Wild Vines with Flowers like pearls (Wu Guanzhong)

perilous order

- addresses homosexuality, intolerance, and hypocrisy by portraying gay friend in guise of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who was a strict enforcer of Islamic orthodoxy although reputed to be a homosexual - also incorporates reference to tensions between the Muslim and Hindu population of Pakistan and India today

tilted Arc

- also unleashing an emotional public debate but for different reasons and with a decidedly different outcome - he wished this piece to be dislocate or alter the decorative function of the plaza and actively bring people into the sculptures context

Viennese Holocaust memorial

- another controversial memorial commissioned for a specific historical setting - her purpose however was not to please but to create a memorial that met the jury's charge to "combine dignity with reserve and spark and aesthetic dialogue with the past in a place that is replete with history" - pursued in a different way the same goal as pop art innovator Jasper Johns who painted things "seen but not looked at"

Metromobiltan

- another protest against apartheid

Frank Gehry

- architect most closely identified with deconstructivist architecture - constructs models then cuts them up in a ranges the parts until he has a satisfying composition

untitled

- artist dramatically departed from conventional representations of body both in art and media, body fluids running down breasts and mans leg

Edward Burtynsky

- artworks motivated by destructive effects of industrial plants and mines on environment, photographs of manufactured landscapes - youuses large format field cameras to produce high resolution negatives of industrial landscapes littered with scraps tires and industrial refuse, unambiguous negative commentary on Modern manufacturing processes

Napoleon leading the army over the Alps

- based on Jacques-louis davids painting of same subject - although many details inaccurate reproduction of David's, not mechanical copy, background serves as reminder to viewer that this painting is modernist and not window into Alpine landscape

bloodline: big family no 2

- based on black and white photographs of Chinese families popular during the cultural revolution, not really portraits, instead depict generic personalityless fathers mothers and children wearing the approved plain clothes of the Mao era in China - strict policies of having only one child, abortions to have boy - red lines connecting figures

Jenny Holzer

- became first woman in 1992 represent the United States at the prestigious Venice biennale art exhibition, one renown for several series of artworks using electronic signs, most involving led, creating light projection shows worldwide

Shahzia Sikander

- born in Pakistan trained at National college of Arts, thoroughly immersed in methods of miniature painting and makes her own paper pigments and squirrel hair brushes, abuse this traditional art form with contemporary meaning

Robert Mapplethorpe

- brilliant gay artist who became central figure in heated debate in the halls of US Congress as well as among the public at Large - controversial exhibition show, "piss Christ", criticism about NEA's funding - technical mastery of photograph medium, gelatin silver prints have glowing textures with Rich tonal gradations of black gray and white, in many ways a heir of Edward Weston - the shocking factor of his photographs was the openly gayness

Neue Staatsgalerie

- brilliant solution to challenging commission calling for an addition to a Renaissance revival Museum on a difficult hillside site wedged between existing terrorist buildings and eight-lane traffic clogged thoroughfare - brakes sharply from rules of classical architectural design, sandstone ramps and pylon like walls of vacate facing roadway oh their inspiration to ancient Egyptian temples, also included undulating glass wall based on shape of grand piano, Greco-Roman columns and architraves scattered like abandoned ruins - historical eclecticism of Sterling's Staatsgalerie is quintessentially postmodern

Chris Ofili

- british-born Catholic of Nigerian descent - one of leading European artists whose familial Homeland figures prominently in his art

Leon Golub

- brutality of urban life and warfare was his artistic focus - best known for "assassins" and "mercenaries" series

Elizabeth Murray and Helen Oji

- canvas don't embody traditional canvas shapes (rectangular)

Anselm Kiefer

- canvases are large in scale and feature highly textured surfaces of pigment mixed with non-traditional materials such as straw and lead - landscape artists have for the past few decades verged on abstraction

Keith Haring

- cartoony and animated and joyful Street paintings - began career like Michel Basquiat

Horn Players

- celebrates legendary jazz musicians Charlie Parker and dizzy Gillespie

Bleeding Takari II

- characteristic example of the artistic genre that he has invented, a kind of artwork that is so different from all others that art historians have yet to agree on a label for it - crushed bottle caps in lids of aluminum cans pierced and stitched together using copper wire, close parallel in Asante kente cloth - deserve comparison with Alexander calder's pioneering "mobiles" - in tune with 21st century concerns in being assembled almost entirely from recycled materials

self-portrait looking at the last supper

- commentary on artist not only as a Creator but also as a viewer of the works of earlier artists, a link in an artistic chain extending back to antiquity, artist position on Continuum of art history - no one better exemplifies this aspect of contemporary Art then Mark tansey

Do-Ho Suh

- creates some of the most interesting sites specific artworks today

Trigo Piula

- creates works that fuse Western and Congolese images and objects in a pictorial blend providing social commentary on present-day Congolese culture

Carrie Mae Weems

- critically acclaimed work as photographer in video artist includes kitchen table series of 20 photographs interwoven with 13 text panels and audio recordings examining domestic life of African American family Lorna Simpson also contemporary feminist artist who have addressed racial and social issues of concern to African American women, also chose photography

postmodernism

- decades following conclusion of World War II witnessed rejection of unadorned modernist aesthetic in architecture - two internationally renowned architects who have produced significant postmodern buildings are I. M. Pei and James Stirling

who's afraid of Aunt Jemima

- dedicated to her passed mother, "storyboard" quilt signature art form of hers, merges the personal and political - combining words with pictures like Basquit, tells witty story of family of stereotypical black "mammy" in mind of public, but Jemima is successful African-American businesswoman, using black dialect, incorporating autobiographical references also speaks to larger issues of the history of African American culture and struggles of women to overcome oppression

XU Bing

- different kind of commentary on chinese culture - forced to work in countryside with peasants during cultural revolution under Mao Tsetung - professor and vice pres at Beijing Centural academy of arts

cloud gate (bean)

- distorts its reflection as intended

Pink panther

- divides his time between hometown of York Pennsylvania and New York City with intertwined nude and famous cartoon character, reinforced trite and kitschy nature of his imagery by tilting exhibition of which his work was a part the banality show

Grand Louvre Pyramid

- dramatic glass and steel entryway to museums priceless collections, turn to the past for inspiration choosing the Quentin Central album of ancient Egypt, appropriate choice given for the museum's Rich collection of Egyptian art - almost uninterrupted view of wings and served as skylight for new underground network of ticket booths offices shops restaurants and conference rooms that he also designed

untitled

- embodies everyday small objects, suggest rolling clouds and work usually suggestive of natural forms, although seeks in her work not to mimic those forms but to capture nature's dynamic growth - some of her works are unstable and can change shape during the course of an exhibition

surrounded islands

- environmental artwork required 3 years of preparation to obtain required permits assemble labor force and obtain 3.2 million needed to complete the project

Jeff Koons

- first became prominent in art world for series of works in early 1980s involving exhibition of everyday commercial products such as vacuum cleaners, following in footsteps of Marcel dunchamp he didnt manipulate or alter machine made objects - recently turned to ceramic sculpture like Robert arneson

Gunter Behnisch

- gained international attention as architect of the Olympic Park in Munich for 1972 Olympic games - intended to deny possibility of spatial enclosure altogether and apparently chaotic arrangement of structural units defies easy analysis

David Wojnarowicz

- gay rights activist dropped out of high school in his hometown of Red Bank New Jersey and moved to New York City where he lived on the streets before achieving success as an artist

Jean-Michel Basquiat

- grew up in comfortable middle-class home in Brooklyn but rebelled against parents values and dropped out of school at 17 and took two streets, signed art as SAMO "same old shit", participated in group show The "Times square show", 8 years later after meteoric rise to fame he died of heroin overdose at 27 - artist debt Pablo picasso, abstract expressionism and art Brut of Jean dubuffet Melvin Edwards also focused on experiences of American men of African descent

Abu Ghraib

- he insists that the paintings are not intended as anti-American but as a broad condemnation of cruelty in violation of the Geneva convention - refuses to make profit and gifted to museums on condition that they forever remain on display - illustration of the horror and humiliation and torture of Iraqi prisoners at the hands of American military personnel at Abu Ghraib prison

trade

- her masterpiece, "the quincentenary non-celebration" - reminiscent of Raushenberg "combine", brushwork recalling Koonings abstract expressionist canvases - clippings from native American newspapers featuring images chronicling the conquest of native America by Europeans and references to problems facing those living on reservations today - canoe symbolic of shedding native American blood

high-tech and green architecture

- high-tech architects design buildings incorporating latest innovations in engineering and technology and exposing the structures component parts, like deconstructivist architecture its distinct from other postmodern architectural movements in dispensing with all historical references - harnessing solar energy as power source is one of key features of green architecture, ecologically friendly buildings that use clean energy and sustain the natural environment

bridging home

- his artworks often based on modest houses and apartments in which he has lived, studio in Seoul but artworks on several continents - reference to dividing his personal and professional life between Seoul and New York City - communicated his sense of rootlessness and displacement as a nomadic citizen of the world

Nigredo

- his images function on mythological or metaphorical level as well as historically specific one, many involve re-examination of German history (particularly the painful Nazi era and invoke feeling of despair) - depicts Renaissance perspective principles however far from pastoral or carefully cultivated, blackness May refer to notion of alchemical change or transformation - imbued work with deep symbolic meaning that when combined with intriguing visual quality of his parsed congealed surfaces results in paintings of endearing power

the walk home

- his paintings recall work of gestural abstractionists, especially spontaneous strips of Jackson Pollock and energetic brushstrokes of Willem de kooning, but his or more thick with texture and physicality - amalgamation of media brings together painting Mosaic and low relief sculpture and considerably amplifies expressive impact of his paintings

Mount St. Helens

- in shape of kimono acknowledging Ojis Japanese heritage, has much in common with canvases of Kiefer and Schnabel - captures and celebrates raw power of Washington state's Mount St Helens (one of world's few still active volcanoes which erupted in 1980, inspiring this painting)

mercenaries IV

- inspired by in modeled freely on ancient Roman mural paintings, also is the color of the blood shed by the victims of Golubs assassins, not a specific event but a universal condition

a book from the sky

- installation (assemblage that creates artistic environment in room or gallery) - enormous number of wood block printed texts in characters evocative of Chinese writing but invented by the artist - can't be read by anyone, created to be "read on many levels"

Guggenheim Bilbao Museum

- it's disorder, deceptive randomness of design and disequilibrium it prompts in viewers exemplify deconstructivist principles

Kehinde Wiley

- leading African American artist who has laminated near total absence of blacks and Western painting and sculpture and has set out to correct the discriminatory imbalance

Jenny Saville

- leading figure painter in the Freud mold of the younger generation of European and American artists - nude self-portraits deserve comparison not only with those of Freud but also of Egon Schiele, despite vivid contrast between Schieles emaciated body and Savilles false obesity

Cremaster cycle

- lengthy narrative set in a self-enclosed universe that he created composed of multimedia extravaganza involving drawings photograph sculptures videos films and performances presented in videos - cremaster muscle controls testicular contractions in response to external stimuli, he uses development of this muscle in the embryonic process of sexual differentiation as conceptual springboard for entire project in which he explores notion of creation and expansive and complicated ways - immersion in his constructed world is disorienting and overwhelming and has a force that competes with the immense scale and often frenzied pace of contemporary life

gladiators

- literally bringing the war home, "modern" gladiators

Tony Oursler

- manipulates digital imagery, projects onto structures or sculptural objects to place them into the "real" world

Toronto, ontario

- merges documentary and fine art photography and bears comparison with photographs of Margaret bourke-White and Minor white

Willie Bester

- most prominent South African artist to take up cause of being vocal about government sponsored racial separation (apartheid and used painting as potent means of protesting the oppression of blacks by minority white government

deconstructivism

- most radical development in architectural design during the closing decades of the 20th century, attempt to disrupt the conventional categories of architecture into rupture the viewers expectations based on them - destabilization plays major role, challenges the viewers assumptions about architectural form as it relates to function, announces "deconstructed" building

signature towers (dancing towers)

- movement is illusory, connected so you don't have to exit to travel to next building, not yet constructed

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

- native American artist descended from shoshone, Salish, and Cree peoples, raised on flatRock reservation in Montana, steeped in culture of her ancestors, trained as European American artist tradition in Massachusetts, her ethnic heritage has always informed her art and concern about invisibility of native American artists, herself identity is her central theme of her mature work

Mansheshe

- not only engage but often challenge the viewer (accompanied by sound tapes), projected heads on egg forms confront viewer with statements about religious beliefs sexual identity and interpersonal relationships and cannot easily be dismissed

Vietnam veterans memorial

- often classified as either a work of minimalist sculpture or as an architectural monument but is perhaps best considered under The heading of site specific art,

public enemy

- one example of this kind of indoor site specific art that encourages viewer interaction at the same time that it makes a powerful statement about racism in America - by selecting evocative found objects and presenting them in dynamic manner encouraging viewer interaction he attracted an audience and then revealed the racism embedded in received cultural heritage and prompted re-examination of American values and cultural emblems

Ta Tele

- one meaning maybe that television messages have deadened the minds of Congolese people to anything but modern Western thoughts or commodities - wire leading to powerful figure in foreground implies even this ancient symbol of native power has been subjected to the greater power of modern television, clearly suggests the contemporary world's new television induced consumerism is poisoning the minds and souls of Congolese people as if by magic or sorcery

Tara Donovan

- one of leading contemporary sculptors producing abstract work, first recipient of Alexander Calder foundations Calder prize for sculpture, international reputation for installations

Krzysztof Wodiczko

- one of many artists who focus was more universal concerns, artworks outdoor display of enormous slide images - displayed these images on specific buildings to expose how Civic buildings and body legitimize and perpetuate power

Matthew Barney

- one of many contemporary artists that are combining new and traditional media to create vast and complex multimedia installations

Zaha Hadid

- one of the most innovative living architects, first woman to win the pritzker architecture prize in 2004 (architectural equivalent of Nobel prize in literature) - deeply influenced by supremeatist theories and paintings of Kazimir Malevich who championed the use of pure colors and abstract geometric shapes to express "the supremacy of pure feeling and creative art" - unadorned surfaces (antithesis of typical postmodernist) that have emotional effect on viewer

Fernando Botero

- perhaps most emotionally wrenching recent artworks to express outrage against war in general and specifically the inhumane treatment of prisoners is the large series of paintings and drawings by him - trademark of larger than Life inflated bodies but differ markedly from usual tranquil domestic subjects

Renzo Piano

- pioneer in field of green architecture, co-designer with Richard Rogers of Pompidou Center - one international competition to design Tjibaou cultural Centre

Zhang Xiaogang

- principal interest in political and social commentary, best known for bloodline portraits

Norman Foster

- pritzker award-winning architect, Matt Richard Rogers at Yale School of Architecture for master's degree program after graduating, opened architectural firm together but later split, designs are similar as they share similar Outlook - Foster and Rogers are leading proponents of what critics call High-Tech architecture, the roots of which Trace to Joseph Paxton's 19th century Crystal Palace

El Anatsui

- probably most unusual abstract artworks being created today, established international reputation without moving studio to Europe or America from Africa

the homeless projection

- slides on all four sides of civil War soldiers and sailors monument, homeless appear flanked by plastic bags with their few possessions and construction site to make connection between urban development and homelessness

Barbara Kruger

- studied at Parsons School of design in New York under Diane Airbus, art director of Mademoiselle magazine - her large word in photograph collages challenge the cultural attitudes embedded in commercial advertising, often uses t-shirts, postcards, matchbooks and billboards to present her work to a wide public audience

Bill Viola

- successor of Nam June Piak (also Adrian Piper), explored capabilities of digitalized imagery producing many and varied video installations, focuses on sensory perception, not only heightened viewers awareness of census but also suggest exploration into spiritual realm, believes in arts transformative power and in a spiritual view of human nature he designs works encouraging spectator introspection

Faith Ringgold

- taught art for 18 years in New York public schools - provided incisive commentary on realities of racial prejudice, increasingly Incorporated references to gender as well in her work, turn to fabric as predominant material in her art, pointed reference to domestic sphere associated with women, collaborated with her mother Willie Posey (fashion designer)

The crossing

- this installations elemental nature and its presentation in a dark space immerse viewers and appear sensory experience very much rooted in tangible reality

African American art

- this is very significant development in history of art because outside africa, Africans and people of African descent have rarely been the subject of artworks produced by European and American artists except in marginal and often demeaning roles, black artist also been omitted from most histories of Western Art until recently

Homage to Steve Biko

- tribute to gentle and heroic leader of South African black consciousness movement whom authorities killed while he was in detention - references to his death with tactfoot and ambulance, portrait of police Minister James Krueger who had him transported 110 miles in ambulance, stop sign refers maybe to stop Kruger or stop apartheid - writing and numbers, fragments and stencils, painted signs, favorite cubist motifs - powerful critique of an impressive sociopolitical system and exemplifies the extent to which art can be invoked on the political process

can you hear me

- typical of Murrays innovative approach to abstract painting, irregularly shaped composite of several small campuses on wood panels that bear comparison not only to abstract expressionist works but to the biomorphic surrealist paintings of Joan Miro, and also to cartoon art - inspired by "scream" by Munch

Andreas Gursky

- used computer in digital technology to produce gigantic color prints in which he combines and manipulates photographs taken with a wide-angle lens usually from a high vantage point, large size intentionally rivals 19th century history paintings - chooses from everyday life like Gustave Courbet - records mundane world of modern global economy and transforms commonplace into striking almost abstract compositions - and using computer to modify objective truth and spatial recession of straight photography he blurs the distinction between painting and photography

James Stirling

- was leading postmodern architect of England, received commissions for buildings throughout Europe and North America

Marisol Escobar

- was one of inner circle of New York pop artists and appeared in two of Andy warhol's films, some of her works at that time portrayed prominent public figures including actor John Wayne and family of President John F Kennedy

Shirin Neshat

- westernized home and attended Catholic boarding school in Tehranbefore leaving her Homeland to study art in California - today produces films videos and photographs critical of fundamentalist Islamic regime in Iran especially its treatment of women Cliff Whiting continues Maori tradition of woodcarving but in distinctly modern style

Yayoi Kusama

- when is most successful (certainly one of most market savvy) abstract artist active today - best known for brilliantly colored compositions that recall in some ways biomorphic surrealist campuses of Miro (common adjective used to describe her paintings is "psychedelic") - reinterpreted in mode that draws on both pop art and abstract expressionism, signature motif is polka dot - has personal clothing line distributed worldwide by Louis Vuitton - she personifies the conjunction of art, popular culture, advertising and marketing that increasingly characterizes the art world of 21st century but has its roots in the launching of a line of clothing based on Bridget Riley's op art paintings of 1960s

Rachel Whiteread

- winner of competition to design a commemorative monument to 65,000 Austrian Jews who perished at hand's Nazis during World War II

Julian Schnabel

- wrote and directed film about Jean-Michel basquiat, experimented widely with media and materials in his forceful restatements of premises of abstract expressionism like Anselm Kiefer - interest in physicality of objects and combining broken crockery and paint

Denver Art Museum

Daniel Libeskind