Modern History - World War 1

War Guilt Clause

This clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed all blame for WWI with Germany and its allies. This forced Germany to pay reparations for World War I.

Collectivization

A system in which private farms were eliminated and the government created large-scale industrial farms known as collectives.

Which single event ended the stalemate of trench warfare and resulted in the Allied Powers defeating Germany?

American financial support of Britain and France and the US intervention in the war in 1917.

Causes of World War I Imperialism

This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain.

M.A.N.I.A.

These are the five main causes of World War I. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Assassination.

Lusitania

This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany.

Austria-Hungary

This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany

This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals.

The Black Hand

This Serbian rebel group tassassinated Archduke Ferdinand after several failed attempts.

Triple Entente

This alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. IN BLUE ABOVE

Allied Powers

This alliance during WWI included the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy (switched to the Allied Powers in 1915). (The blue countries of the East and West on map above)

Triple Alliance

This alliance was made Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. IN RED ABOVE

Balkan Region

This area was considered "powder keg of Europe." It was an important area for the following reasons: ~Russia wanted access to Med. Sea ~Germany wanted rail link to Ottoman Emp. ~Austria-Hungary had control of Bosnia, accused Serbia of subverting rule over it

Nationalism

This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation.

How did the overseas colonies contribute to the Allied victory in World War I?

Colonies provided hundreds of thousands of troops.

Rationing

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

Balkan Region

Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off powder keg of Europe.

Propaganda

These are ideas or information that usually designed by a government to influence public opinion, often times to persuade a people to go to war.

League of Nations

This intergovernmental organization lasted from 1919-1946, was founded after the Paris Peace Conference. It did not work effectively to prevent WWII.

Woodrow Wilson

This was the president who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points.

What type of political system did Lenin, Hitler and Mussolini establish in their countries?

totalitarianism

Wilson's Fourteen Points

This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.

U-boats

This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Trench Warfare

This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land.

Reparations

This term refers to the payments and transfers of property that Germany was required to make under the treaty of Versailles.

Shlieffen Plan

This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWl. The plan was for troops to rapidly defeat France and move east to defeat Russia.

Gallipoli Campaign

This was a British military attack in 1915 during World War I against the Ottoman Empire at Dardanelles', to bring supplies to Russia. The mission failed with high casualties by the British as shown in movie with Mel Gibson called "Gallipoli."

Eastern Front

This was a front in WWI. The region of fighting happened along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Central Powers

This was a major alliance at the 'center' of Europe during World War I, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. It was formerly known as the Triple Alliance before the war. SHOWN ABOVE IN RED.

Allied Powers

This was a major alliance during World War I made up of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. It was know n as the Triple Entente(a French word) before the war.

Causes of World War I Alliances

This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war.

Western Front

This was a major front in World War I. A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. This is where most of the fighting happened in World War II.

Armistice, 1918

This was the agreement between the Allies and Central Powers that ended the fighting after WWI. It began at 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am. This marked a victory for the Allies and stated that the Central Powers lost. Germans would later look at this as "the stab in the back."

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

This was the policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

This was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to fight and they went to war against Serbia; all of this due to Serbia wanting to expand

What do fascism and communism have in common?

encourage strong nationalistic feelings, one party systems, disregard individual rights

Characteristic of a totalitarian society.

freedom of speech, press and religion are denied

During the mid-1930s, which characteristic was common in Fascist Italy, Nazi germany and communist Russia?

one party system that denied basic human rights