modern india

Partition of Bengal-

- The British were considering partitioning Bengal because they thought that the Indians were incapable of taking care of their own province -The British decided to partition Bengal based on religion throughout the province. The two major religions were Muslims and Hindus. It then became west and East Bengal and the capitals were Calcutta and Dacca. -The Hindus were angry because it meant they lost of their territory to Muslims. -The muslims were delighted because they now had the majority in the new eastern province

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

-Hindu: rejected Christian missionary reform -thought politics were more important than social aspects of reform, but he worked closely on a small level with education -he liked direct action and boycotting -changed after he was deported to Burma -rejected violent methods -rejected Hindu victories -brought forth a pact between congress and Muslim League -supported the Khilafat movement (?

All India Muslim League

All India Muslim League- The all India Muslim league was a political organization of India and Pakistan. It was founded in 1906 by Aga Khan III. It's original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of muslims. An early leader by hw name of Muhammad Iqbal was one of the first to propose the idea of creating a separate Muslim India. By 1940, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the League had gained so much power that for the first time, it demanded the establishment of a Muslim state(Pakistan), despite the opposition of the India National Congress.

Rowlatt Act

Britain wanted to renew their power so they passed the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act in 1919 Now know as the Rowlatt Act "These powers included unlimited detention without trial, trial without jury and the use of evidence illegal in peacetime" (51)

WW1 in India

Britain was reluctant to go to war with the islamic empire because of the reaction within india India created the imperial war conference of 1917 this gave them status comparable to that of britain When victory was won india took part in a formal peace treaty negotiation Britain was constantly fighting in wars due to woodrow wilson's fourteen points of international policy British officers were constantly spying on the status of indian independence

amritsar massacre 2: what happened

General Dyer banned public meetings and arrested local politicians There was a meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh Dyer arrived with troops and opened fire into the crowd In the days that followed General Dyer enacted martial law There were public floggings Indians were forced to crawl in the streets where an Englishwoman had been attacked Significance: The humiliating punishments that the Indians were forced to endure gained International criticism Worldwide concern pushed the government to investigate. Dyer's actions were compared to that of the Germans during the war due to his brutality

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Gopal Krishna Gokhale- Gokhale was a leader in Indian politics who favored mainstream Indian nationalism. He played a large role in Indian Independence by being able to appeal to the cautious Indian middle class, and also being to be in tune with the British Liberal government. His leadership in Congress was able to make sure the moderate view would prevail, and he was able to bring India closer to self-government through constructive political reform.

Morley Minto Reforms

In 1908 a Royal Commission on Decentralisation was established so that the government was open to recommendations on how to better India's administration, increasing public power and voice in governmental choices, and at the same time, increasing British rule's favor in the eye of the public. Due to these reforms, the opposition, which was once the Muslims, was now Congress itself, and they began taking actions against the government. In fact, Muslims became great members of the council, and the reforms became a major precedent for following reforms and future government actions. Although these reforms were established and the government began collecting the ideas of the Indian peoples, their voices and requests still weren't being listened to, and when WWI came around, multiple rights given to Indians were violated, leading to outrage, and need to revolt.

Amritsar massacre

The Amritsar Massacre: Date: April 13, 1919 Important People: General Dyer was sent to take control of the situation. The Punjab government had asked for military assistance. Terms: Amritsar = Holy city of the Sikhs Jallianwala Bagh = garden in the town where the massacre occurred martial law = military government involving the suspension of ordinary law. Military takes over. Why: built up resentment after the Rowlatt Act 5 Englishmen were killed and an Englishwoman was left to die

Indian National Congress

The indian national congress was founded in 1885 in response to the Ilbert Bill. The original congresses where much like educational and informative meetings- the congress later became a well known political party It helped to guide nationalism and eventually helped india gain independence. It met once a year in large indian cities Hindus and muslims were both equally involved in the affairs and decision making of the congress It made the decision to not alienate religious groups and it claimed to speak for all of india It gained popularity in the educated and middle class The congress debated its aims and hopes for india's and what it should demand of the british government The demands longed for increased education and more representation in the administration of india The indian national congress made great efforts to try to gain more social and political independence from britain

Swadeshi Movement

They were protests that included boycotting buying of british goods and lancashire cotton was publicly burned This lead to the annual day of partition to be the day of mourning

Home Rule Groups

Throughout various Indian independence leaders, many of them believe that home rule is the most beneficial way for India to gain Independence It was the "reform of the administration vs. the throw of the government," which implies that it tended to lean more toward the moderate side Gokhale, for example, was a leader who thought that by having this happen India could gain independence It essentially gives the Indian people more power to have a say for home the government is ruled

General Dyer

was sent to take control of the situation. The Punjab government had asked for military assistance. Open fired at indians in the amritsar massacre His actions were defended by winston churchill however his actions were compared to that of the german