Module 1 exam

Which of the following will help improve radio communications? Select one: A. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking. B. Use codes to speed communication. C. Answer questions with "yes" or "no." D. Hold the radio at least 6 inches from your mouth.

A. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking.

Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a brief summary of the care you provided. B. a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem. C. a brief history of the patient's current problem. D. your perception of the severity of the problem.

A. a brief summary of the care you provided.

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________. Select one: A. provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States B. reduce expenses at the local and state levels C. facilitate a national EMS labor group D. unify EMS providers under a single medical director

A. provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States

When treating a patient who is trapped in a vehicle and covered with broken glass, it is BEST to wear: Select one: A. puncture-proof leather gloves over your latex gloves. B. latex gloves with thick leather gloves underneath. C. thick firefighter gloves over two pairs of latex gloves. D. firefighter gloves only, to preserve manual dexterity.

A. puncture-proof leather gloves over your latex gloves.

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: Select one: A. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. B. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. C. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. D. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement.

A. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

________ are helpful when you are away from the ambulance and need to communicate with dispatch, another unit, or medical control. Select one: A. Mobile radios B. Portable radios C. Cellular phones D. Base stations

B. Portable radios

You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should: Select one: A. remain at least 3 feet away from the patient and apply a surgical mask on him. B. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself. C. apply a sterile surgical mask on yourself and a HEPA respirator on the patient. D. apply a nasal cannula on the patient and a sterile surgical mask on yourself.

B. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: Select one: A. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head. C. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag. D. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board.

B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the: Select one: A. EMS supervisor. B. medical director. C. local health district. D. state EMS office.

B. medical director.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: Select one: A. overall tidal volume is increased. B. minute volume is decreased. C. inspiratory reserve is increased. D. expiratory reserve volume is decreased.

B. minute volume is decreased.

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by: Select one: A. using coded medical language. B. not disclosing his or her name. C. withholding medical history data. D. refraining from objective statements.

B. not disclosing his or her name.

Which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient? Select one: A. "This must be painful for you." B. "Things will get better in time." C. "It is okay to be angry and sad." D. "Tell me how you are feeling."

B. "Things will get better in time."

Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire? Select one: A. Stacked empty barrels B. A concrete barricade C. Behind a car door D. A large cluster of shrubs

B. A concrete barricade

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? Select one: A. Reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion B. Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery C. Delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery D. Immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and recovery

B. Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

Which of the following skills would a layperson MOST likely be trained to perform before arrival of EMS? Select one: A. Obtaining a manual blood pressure B. Bleeding control using a tourniquet C. Administration of supplemental oxygen D. Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway

B. Bleeding control using a tourniquet

Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy? Select one: A. Requesting overtime to occupy your mind B. Developing a social network outside of EMS C. Frequently reflecting on troublesome calls D. Modestly increasing caffeine consumption

B. Developing a social network outside of EMS

You are transporting a veteran whose legs were amputated in the war. When calling your radio report to the emergency department, which of the following words would be the MOST appropriate to use when describing the patient? Select one: A. Crippled B. Handicapped C. Disabled D. Deformed

C. Disabled

Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________. Select one: A. the experiences of EMTs B. the opinions of physicians C. EMS research D. an EMS agency's fiscal resources

C. EMS research

Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training? Select one: A. AEMT B. EMR C. EMT D. Paramedic

C. EMT

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities? Select one: A. Nervous B. Skeletal C. Endocrine D. Cardiovascular

C. Endocrine

You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? Select one: A. Wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise the staff of the situation. B. Request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise the staff of your arrival. C. Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital. D. Call the receiving hospital with your cell phone while providing patient care.

C. Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital.

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one: A. Urinary system B. Blood vessels C. Skeletal system D. Gastrointestinal tract

C. Skeletal system

You have responded to a scene at which a 45-year-old man has run his SUV into a utility pole. On arrival, the driver was found slumped over the steering wheel, unconscious. A large electrical wire was lying across the hood of the vehicle. After securing scene safety, you were able to approach the patient and complete a primary assessment, in which you found a 6" (15.4-cm) laceration across his forehead. The patient regained responsiveness, was alert and oriented, and refused care. If the patient refuses to sign the refusal form: Select one: A. you cannot let the man leave the scene until he either goes with you or signs the form. B. nothing more needs done. If the patient refuses care, you don't have to document it. C. have a credible witness sign the form testifying that he or she witnessed the patient's refusal of care. D. sign it yourself and state: "Patient refused to sign."

C. have a credible witness sign the form testifying that he or she witnessed the patient's refusal of care.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during: Select one: A. exhalation. B. ventilation. C. inhalation. D. respiration.

C. inhalation.

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should: Select one: A. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags. B. use a direct carry whenever possible. C. keep the weight as close to your body as possible. D. flex at the waist instead of the hips.

C. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

Continuing education in EMS serves to: Select one: A. confirm research and statistical findings in prehospital care. B. provide an ongoing review and audit of the EMS system. C. maintain, update, and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills D. enforce mandatory attendance at agency-specific training.

C. maintain, update, and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: Select one: A. the patient's condition. B. the transport time to the hospital. C. medical director approval. D. an order from a paramedic.

C. medical director approval.

According to the terminal drop hypothesis: Select one: A. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. B. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. D. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one.

C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. hostility and confusion should be presumed to be due to the patient's age. B. your questions should focus exclusively on the patient's obvious problem. C. most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions. D. speaking loudly and distinctly will ensure that the patient can hear you.

C. most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: Select one: A. tibia. B. calcaneus. C. patella. D. femur.

C. patella.

Online medical control requires __________. Select one: A. a physician's presence on the scene of the call B. the presence of an advanced-level provider C. phone or radio contact with the medical director D. written protocols approved by medical control

C. phone or radio contact with the medical director

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume. Select one: A. 100 to 120 mL B. 90 to 100 mL C. 40 to 50 mL D. 70 to 80 mL

D. 70 to 80 mL

Which of the following patients has decision-making capacity and can legally refuse emergency medical treatment? Select one: A. A confused young male who says he is the president B. A man who is staggering and states that he had three beers C. A diabetic woman who has slurred speech and is not aware of the date D. A conscious and alert woman with severe abdominal pain

D. A conscious and alert woman with severe abdominal pain

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? Select one: A. Advice given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented. B. Documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment. C. A patient who consumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment. D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle? Select one: A. Check for other patients. B. Request another ambulance. C. Contact medical control. D. Ensure the vehicle is stable.

D. Ensure the vehicle is stable.

You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. Which type of consent is her agreement considered? Select one: A. Minor's B. Informed C. Implied D. Expressed

D. Expressed

Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is LEAST likely to be heard by the party being called? Select one: A. Land-base repeater station B. Mobile repeater station C. Multiplex base station D. Hand-held portable radio

D. Hand-held portable radio

Which of the following is the MOST significant factor in determining whether a person will become ill from certain germs? Select one: A. Gender B. Race C. Age D. Immunity

D. Immunity

Which of the following is NOT true of medical control? Select one: A. It may be written or "standing orders." B. It describes the care authorized by the medical director. C. It may require online radio or phone consultation. D. It is determined by the dispatcher.

D. It is determined by the dispatcher.

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system? Select one: A. Gallbladder B. Stomach C. Pancreas D. Kidney

D. Kidney

Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response? Select one: A. Closed-ended questions B. Yes or no questions C. Multiple questions asked at once D. Open-ended questions

D. Open-ended questions

After stocking the ambulance this morning, you and your partner go out for breakfast. While entering the restaurant, you see an older gentleman clutch his chest and collapse to the floor. When you get to him, he has no pulse and is not breathing. What level of training would allow you to perform an electrocardiogram and advanced life support on this patient? Select one: A. EMT B. AEMT C. EMR D. Paramedic

D. Paramedic

To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should: Select one: A. kneel if you are pushing an object that is above waist level. B. push from the area of your body between the knees and hips. C. push the patient from an overhead position if possible. D. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

D. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be: Select one: A. spoken in a loud voice. B. coded and scripted. C. lengthy and complete. D. brief and easily understood.

D. brief and easily understood.

The process by which an individual, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain standards is called: Select one: A. the standard of care. B. competency. C. the scope of practice. D. certification.

D. certification.

Ethnocentrism is defined as: Select one: A. suspecting that a person has an ulterior motive based on the tone of his or her voice when answering a question. B. subconsciously forcing your cultural values onto a patient because you feel that your own values are more acceptable. C. understanding that people from different cultural backgrounds respond to pain and stress differently. D. considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

D. considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in: Select one: A. increased heart rate. B. dilation of the blood vessels. C. increased cardiac contractility. D. constriction of the blood vessels.

D. constriction of the blood vessels

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts. Select one: A. spleen B. appendix C. stomach D. liver

D. liver

As an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress: Select one: A. cannot be identified and can cause health problems. B. usually manifest suddenly and without warning. C. are most effectively treated with medications. D. may not be obvious or present all the time.

D. may not be obvious or present all the time.

To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure __________. Select one: A. both arms above the head B. both arms at the patient's sides C. only the patient's torso D. one arm above the head

D. one arm above the head

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should: Select one: A. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher. B. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs. C. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher. D. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

D. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to __________. Select one: a. the state motor vehicle department b. your medical director c. law enforcement personnel d. the receiving nurse or doctor

d. the receiving nurse or doctor

The ___________________ is used for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are found lying supine on the ground.

direct ground lift

The ___________________ may be especially helpful when the patient is in a very narrow space or when there is not enough room for the patient and a team of EMTs to stand side by side.

extremity lift

Maintaining _____________ with your patient builds trust and lets the patient know that he or she is your first priority.

eye contact

Proper_____________ is the simplest, yet most effective, way to control disease transmission.

handwashing

Children can easily see through lies or deception, so you must always be ________________ with them.

honest

Be careful that you do not push or pull from a(n) ____________________ position.

overhead

The primary ____________ area is the main area in which an EMS agency operates.

service

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than _________ pounds with fewer than four rescuers, regardless of individual strength.

250

There are a total of ____ lobes in the right and left lungs.

5

There are _______________ cervical vertebrae.

7

In toddlers, the pulse rate is _______________ beats/min.

90 to 150

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR? Select one: A. "General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated." B. "The patient admits to smoking marijuana earlier in the day." C. "After oxygen was administered, the patient's breathing improved." D. "Significant damage was noted to the front end of the vehicle."

A. "General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Which of the following statements is MOST consistent with the bargaining phase of the grieving process? Select one: A. "I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate." B. "It is because of our lousy health care system that I developed this brain tumor." C. "I understand that my death is inevitable and I am ready to die when the time comes." D. "The doctors must be wrong in their diagnosis because I have always been healthy."

A. "I will be compliant with all my medications if I can just see my grandson graduate."

Children of which age group are considered toddlers? Select one: A. 1-3 years B. 1 month to 1 year C. 3-6 years D. Over 6 years

A. 1-3 years

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: Select one: A. 90 and 140 mm Hg. B. 60 and 120 mm Hg. C. 80 and 120 mm Hg. D. 70 and 140 mm Hg.

A. 90 and 140 mm Hg.

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? Select one: A. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column B. You must fully secure the patient to the scoop stretcher before moving him or her. C. Both sides of the patient must be accessible for a scoop stretcher to be used. D. The construction of the scoop stretcher prohibits X-rays while the patient is on it.

A. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard? Select one: A. Abnormal spinal curvature B. Patient disorientation C. Naturally deformed bones D. Joint flexibility

A. Abnormal spinal curvature

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction? Select one: A. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed. B. An EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia. C. An EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children. D. A newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries.

A. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? Select one: A. Cardiac arrest B. Spousal abuse C. Animal bites D. Gunshot wounds

A. Cardiac arrest

Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher? Select one: A. Draw sheet method B. Direct carry C. Extremity carry D. Log roll

A. Draw sheet method

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor? Select one: A. Driver's license B. Voter registration card C. Social Security card D. Insurance card

A. Driver's license

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? Select one: A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation B. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation C. Duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation D. Breach of duty, injury/damages, abandonment, and causation

A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on: Select one: A. EMS research. B. local protocols. C. the lead EMT's decision. D. regional trauma guidelines.

A. EMS research.

Federal legislation concerning patient confidentiality is known as: Select one: A. HIPAA. B. NAACS. C. FLCPC. D. EMTALA.

A. HIPAA.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? Select one: A. Long backboard B. Scoop stretcher C. Portable stretcher D. Wheeled stretcher

A. Long backboard

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct? Select one: A. OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge. B. Vaccination against hepatitis B provides partial immunity for life. C. Vaccination with the hepatitis B vaccine confers immunity against hepatitis A. D. The hepatitis B vaccine provides protection against the disease for 2 years.

A. OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? Select one: A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions C. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

Which type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies? Select one: A. Scanner B. Duplex station C. Mobile repeater D. Simplex station

A. Scanner

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children? Select one: A. Seesaw respirations B. Unequal chest expansion C. Irregular breathing pattern D. Unequal breath sounds

A. Seesaw respirations

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one: A. Spleen B. Liver C. Stomach D. Cecum

A. Spleen

Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? Select one: A. The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing. B. The NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs. C. The NREMT is the exclusive certifying body for EMTs. D. EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT.

A. The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing.

What is "vital capacity"? Select one: A. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration B. The maximum thickness of the meninges C. The volume of blood moved by each contraction of the heart D. The amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation

A. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. assessment by the EMT. B. fear of medical personnel. C. history of chronic disease. D. mental disorders.

A. assessment by the EMT.

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: Select one: A. back is bent forward at the hips. B. force is exerted straight down the spine. C. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. D. hands are held close to the legs.

A. back is bent forward at the hips.

You should use a rigid _____, often called a Stokes litter, to carry a patient across uneven terrain from a remote location that is inaccessible by ambulance or other vehicle. Select one: A. basket stretcher B. flotation device C. molded backboard D. scoop stretcher

A. basket stretcher

You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should: Select one: A. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. B. transport the patient without providing any treatment. C. decide on further action once the DNR order is produced. D. honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment.

A. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.

The central nervous system is composed of the: Select one: A. brain and spinal cord. B. spinal cord and sensory nerves. C. motor and sensory nerves. D. brain and sensory nerves.

A. brain and spinal cord.

While transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should: Select one: A. contact medical control and notify them of the error. B. exclude this intervention from the PCR because it did not harm the patient. C. notify law enforcement so they can file an incident report. D. document the error and report it to your supervisor.

A. contact medical control and notify them of the error.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. Select one: A. decontaminate B. properly store C. throw out D. incinerate

A. decontaminate

You have been called to the scene of a high-speed motor vehicle collision involving two compact cars. The first vehicle was a roll-over, ejecting the driver. The second vehicle contained both a driver and a front-seat passenger who cannot be reached because the door is up against a building. For the passenger in the second vehicle, you may need to perform a(n) _____ on the driver in order to reach the patient. Select one: A. emergency move B. short backboard C. extremity lift D. You should do nothing different; treat each patient the same.

A. emergency move

The compliance-monitoring component of an infection control plan should: Select one: A. ensure that employees understand what they should do and why it is important. B. identify who to notify after an exposure and where treatment should be provided. C. consist of a list of tasks that pose a risk for contact with blood or other body fluids. D. address issues such as medical waste collection, storage, and ambulance disinfection.

A. ensure that employees understand what they should do and why it is important.

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: Select one: A. epiglottis. B. pharynx. C. vallecula. D. uvula.

A. epiglottis.

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT: Select one: A. gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse. B. gives a radio report to the receiving medical facility. C. informs dispatch of the patient's arrival at the emergency department. D. notifies the admitting clerk of the patient's arrival at the hospital.

A. gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the: Select one: A. greater trochanter. B. iliac crest. C. sacral symphysis. D. sacroiliac joint.

A. greater trochanter.

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: Select one: A. have been infected with hepatitis in the past. B. have a weak immune system. C. are older than 35 years of age. D. received a hepatitis B vaccination.

A. have been infected with hepatitis in the past.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: Select one: A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased. B. ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response. C. stop any active bleeding and advise dispatch to send a paramedic crew. D. request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR.

A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the: Select one: A. ilium, ischium, and pubis. B. ilium, pubis, and sacrum. C. pubis and acetabulum. D. sacrum and ischium.

A. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: Select one: A. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. B. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. C. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. D. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion.

A. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: Select one: A. increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. B. better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground. C. increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. D. increased patient comfort and dignity.

A. increased lifting capacity and patient weight load.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include: Select one: A. increased stability from a wider wheelbase. B. weight capacity of up to 650 lb. C. two safety rails on both sides of the stretcher. D. a collapsible undercarriage.

A. increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

The diaphragm is unique because it: Select one: A. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle. B. is the exclusive muscle of breathing. C. does not have striations like skeletal muscle. D. does not receive impulses from the brain.

A. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

The proper technique for using the power grip is to: Select one: A. lift with your palms up. B. rotate your palms down. C. position your hands about 6² apart. D. hold the handle with your fingers.

A. lift with your palms up.

You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88-year-old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should: Select one: A. make her comfortable and provide emotional support. B. begin chest compressions if she experiences cardiac arrest. C. depart the scene and allow her to die with dignity. D. provide no interventions and transport to the hospital.

A. make her comfortable and provide emotional support.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the: Select one: A. manubrium. B. xiphoid process. C. angle of Louis. D. costal arch.

A. manubrium.

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: Select one: A. on her left side. B. supine with her legs elevated. C. in the Fowler position. D. in a position of comfort.

A. on her left side.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called: Select one: A. phalanges. B. carpals. C. metatarsals D. metacarpals.

A. phalanges.

Negligence is based on the EMT's duty to act, cause, breach of duty, and: Select one: A. real or perceived damages. B. mode of transport. C. termination of care. D. expressed consent.

A. real or perceived damages.

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: Select one: A. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician. B. place the patient in a high-visibility area and then respond to the call. C. inform the admissions clerk of the situation and then respond at once. D. leave a copy of the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call.

A. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. Select one: A. sacrum B. ischium C. thorax D. coccyx

A. sacrum

Patients who become dependent upon EMS personnel or other health care providers often feel: Select one: A. shamed. B. relieved. C. hopeful. D. superior.

A. shamed.

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation. Select one: A. slander B. negligence C. libel D. assault

A. slander

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: Select one: A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. B. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. C. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. D. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction.

A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

You are caring for a 56-year-old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to an electronic PCR system (ePCR). When completing the ePCR, it is important to be aware that: Select one: A. the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers. B. the ePCR is relatively unsecured and should not contain patient-specific information. C. a written patient care record will need to be completed on arrival at the hospital. D. the ePCR does not contain the same level of information as the written version and your verbal report should be expanded.

A. the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers.

You are providing care to a 61-year-old female complaining of chest pain that is cardiac in origin. Your service utilizes a multiplex communication system. You wish to transmit the patient's electrocardiogram to the hospital. In order to accomplish this, you must: Select one: A. use the multiplex system to transmit the information . B. send the electrocardiogram from the back of the ambulance. C. be aware that only audio or data transmissions can be sent at any one time. D. wait until you reach the hospital to transmit the information.

A. use the multiplex system to transmit the information .

When pulling a patient, you should do all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. when you can pull no farther, lean forward another 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm). B. reposition your feet so that the force of pull will be balanced equally. C. extend your arms no more than about 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm). D. pull the patient by slowly flexing your arms.

A. when you can pull no farther, lean forward another 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm).

Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? Select one: A. Providing care that is consistent with care provided by other EMTs B. Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury C. Transport of a mentally incompetent patient against his or her will D. Transferring patient care to a provider with a lower level of training

B. Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. Overall health B. Increased weight C. Medical conditions D. Medications

B. Increased weight

Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? Select one: A. It is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field. B. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users. C. It is a designated frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control. D. It is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user.

B. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to simplex mode? Select one: A. Radio transmissions can occur in either direction, but not simultaneously in both. B. It is called a "pair of frequencies." C. You must push a button to talk. D. When one party transmits, the other must wait to reply.

B. It is called a "pair of frequencies."

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? Select one: A. Monitoring all radio traffic and conducting field spot checks B. Maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance C. Allocating specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers D. Licensing base stations and assigning appropriate radio call signs

B. Maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance

Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? Select one: A. The minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled. B. The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled. C. The ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability. D. According to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam.

B. The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled.

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one: A. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. B. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. C. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. D. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles.

B. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct? Select one: A. The medulla is a portion of the cerebrum and primarily responds to an increase in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. B. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm. C. The medulla reduces the rate and depth of breathing if it detects an increase in carbon dioxide levels. D. The medulla's primary role is to increase the body's level of oxygen, not to decrease its level of carbon dioxide.

B. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one: A. To produce progesterone and estrogen B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus C. To connect the ovaries D. To supply blood to the uterine lining

B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position. B. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. C. a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital. D. a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient.

B. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle.

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should: Select one: A. state that you will not carry out the order because it is inappropriate. B. advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification. C. carry out the order and then carefully document it on the run form. D. obtain consent from the patient and then carry out the order as usual.

B. advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: Select one: A. adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally. B. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand. C. acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the cases with others. D. violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved.

B. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: Select one: A. administer epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. B. assist a patient with certain prescribed medications. C. insert a peripheral IV line and infuse fluids. D. interpret a basic (ECG) rhythm and treat accordingly.

B. assist a patient with certain prescribed medications.

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: Select one: A. glucose and lactic acid. B. carbon dioxide and water C. uric acid and nitrogen. D. ATP and glucose.

B. carbon dioxide and water

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: Select one: A. reassure the patient that everything will be all right, even if it will not be. B. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. C. ignore the patient's feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint. D. demand that the patient to be quiet and cooperative during transport.

B. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. You should: Select one: A. remain at the scene until law enforcement and another ambulance arrive. B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash. C. ask a bystander to remain with your patient as you treat the crash victims. D. stop and triage the patients while your partner remains in the ambulance.

B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as: Select one: A. late adulthood. B. early adulthood. C. adolescence. D. middle adulthood.

B. early adulthood.

In lifting with the palm down, the weight is supported by the _____ rather than the palm. Select one: A. lower back B. fingers C. wrist D. forearm

B. fingers

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: Select one: A. foramen ovale. B. foramen magnum. C. spinous foramen. D. vertebral foramen.

B. foramen magnum.

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the: Select one: A. pneumotaxic drive. B. hypoxic drive. C. hypocarbic drive. D. oxyhemoglobin drive.

B. hypoxic drive.

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to: Select one: A. administer punitive actions to EMTs who do not follow local protocols. B. identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed. C. focus specifically on the quality of emergency care provided to the patient. D. ensure that all EMTs maintain licensure through the state EMS office.

B. identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.

You should perform an urgent move in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: Select one: A. if a patient has inadequate ventilation or shock. B. if the patient is complaining of neck pain. C. if a patient has an altered level of consciousness. D. in extreme weather conditions.

B. if the patient is complaining of neck pain.

Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the: Select one: A. EMS training officer. B. individual EMT. C. State Bureau of EMS. D. EMS medical director.

B. individual EMT.

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to: Select one: A. give aspirin to a patient with chest pain. B. insert a peripheral intravenous catheter. C. apply and interpret data from a pulse oximeter. D. use an automatic transport ventilator.

B. insert a peripheral intravenous catheter.

In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor: Select one: A. possesses a valid driver's license. B. is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself. C. is mentally competent and able to refuse. D. has a poor relationship with his or her parents.

B. is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself.

The vocal cords are located in the: Select one: A. nasopharynx. B. larynx. C. pharynx. D. oropharynx.

B. larynx.

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. Select one: A. occiput B. orbit C. mastoid D. sphenoid

B. orbit

Cardiac monitoring, pharmacologic interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: Select one: A. EMR. B. paramedic. C. AEMT. D. EMT.

B. paramedic.

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________. Select one: A. undue hardship B. patient advocacy C. scope of practice D. abuse of authority

B. patient advocacy

Older adults frequently ___________. Select one: A. are unable to overcome medical problems B. take multiple medications C. experience a decrease in body fat as they age D. are able to increase their muscle mass

B. take multiple medications

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recommended immunizations and tests include a: Select one: A. smallpox vaccine every 5 years. B. tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis booster every 10 years. C. two-shot hepatitis A vaccination series. D. TB skin test every 6 months.

B. tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis booster every 10 years

The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: Select one: A. who complains of nausea. B. with a deformed humerus. C. with forearm lacerations. D. without a spinal injury.

B. with a deformed humerus.

The carpal bones form the: Select one: A. hand. B. wrist. C. foot. D. ankle.

B. wrist.

While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner states, "I know how you are feeling." The family members may view this as: Select one: A. a show of respect for the person who has died. B. your partner's attempt to diminish their grief. C. your partner's caring and supportive attitude. D. coaching them through the grieving process.

B. your partner's attempt to diminish their grief.

A 12-year-old boy told his grandmother he was going to collect the day's mail, located on the opposite side of the street, for her. As he was returning with the mail, he was struck by a vehicle and was found lying lifeless in the middle of the street. Which of the following would be appropriate to say to the grandmother? Select one: A. It's best not to spend time talking to the grandmother. B. "Don't worry. I'm sure he'll be fine." C. "We're placing him on a backboard to protect his back, and we'll take him to the Columbus Community Hospital. Do you know who his doctor is?" D. "What were you thinking? You will be reported!"

C. "We're placing him on a backboard to protect his back, and we'll take him to the Columbus Community Hospital. Do you know who his doctor is?"

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso. Select one: A. 20 to 30 inches B. 5 to 10 inches C. 15 to 20 inches D. 10 to 15 inches

C. 15 to 20 inches

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: Select one: A. 25 and 35 years. B. 21 and 30 years. C. 19 and 25 years. D. 18 and 22 years.

C. 19 and 25 years.

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? Select one: A. A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting B. A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients C. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured D. A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients

C. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe? Select one: A. Airborne transmission B. Vector-borne transmission C. Indirect contact D. Direct contact

C. Indirect contact

As an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: Select one: A. Incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMS. B. EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented. C. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report. D. Patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation.

C. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the: Select one: A. National Registry of EMTs. B. individual state's EMS protocols. C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). D. National Association of EMTs.

C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action? Select one: A. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients. B. Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence. C. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag. D. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients.

C. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

What is an EMT's primary service area? Select one: A. The only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care B. The location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call C. The main area in which the EMS agency operates D. The area serviced by the EMT's medical director

C. The main area in which the EMS agency operates

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct? Select one: A. A semi-sitting patient's weight is equally distributed on both ends. B. Most of the patient's weight rests on the foot end of the stretcher. C. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso. D. The EMT at the patient's head will bear the least amount of weight.

C. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model? Select one: A. Paramedics pick up a patient from an acute care clinic B. EMTs respond to a woman who complains of high fever C. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination D. EMTs assess a patient whose lung disease is "acting up"

C. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

The patient report commonly includes all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. the patient's age and gender. B. a brief history of the patient's current problem. C. a list of the patient's medications. D. your estimated time of arrival.

C. a list of the patient's medications.

To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. Select one: A. online access to patient records B. public forums with their medical director C. a privacy officer to answer questions D. an anonymous reporting system

C. a privacy officer to answer questions

When caring for the parents of a child who has died of leukemia, the EMT should: Select one: A. immediately refer them to a counselor. B. refrain from using words such as "died" or "dead." C. acknowledge the death of their child in private. D. tell them that their feelings are understood.

C. acknowledge the death of their child in private.

Depending on how the protocols are written, you may need to call medical control for direct orders to: Select one: A. transport a patient. B. request assistance from other agencies. C. administer certain treatments. D. immobilize a patient.

C. administer certain treatments.

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: Select one: A. give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability. B. attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from her child because this will increase her anxiety. C. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother. D. reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about.

C. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: Select one: A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. B. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. C. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. D. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age.

C. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter." Select one: A. brain stem B. cerebellum C. cerebrum D. diencephalon

C. cerebrum

The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________. Select one: A. scene leadership B. teamwork and diplomacy C. communication D. self-confidence

C. communication

Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should: Select one: A. ask the dispatcher if the patient is conscious or unconscious. B. request that law enforcement secure the scene before you arrive. C. confirm with dispatch that you received the call information. D. ask the dispatcher to obtain a medical history from the caller.

C. confirm with dispatch that you received the call information.

During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. coordinating responding EMS units with other public safety personnel. B. selecting and notifying the correct EMS response units and personnel. C. discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives. D. screening and assigning a priority to each call based on local protocols.

C. discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives.

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the: Select one: A. anterior tibial. B. posterior tibial. C. dorsalis pedis. D. ventral pedis.

C. dorsalis pedis.

Communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. placing yourself in a position to ensure that the patient can see your lips. B. shining a light on your face when you are in a darkened environment. C. elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation D. providing pen and paper if the patient prefers to write his or her response.

C. elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen. Select one: A. thrombocytes B. leukocytes C. erythrocytes D. monocytes

C. erythrocytes

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength. Select one: A. three B. five C. four D. six

C. four

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should: Select one: A. treat the patient where he is so that you do not destroy any evidence. B. obtain permission from law enforcement before moving anything. C. quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient. D. drag the patient into a larger area so that you can begin treatment.

C. quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.

The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is: Select one: A. tension among coworkers and supervisors. B. punitive action and the loss of a job. C. substandard or inappropriate patient care. D. low morale and frequently missed shifts.

C. substandard or inappropriate patient care.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: Select one: A. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. B. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. D. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.

C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

The major goal of quality improvement is to ensure that: Select one: A. quarterly audits of the EMS system are performed. B. EMTs have received BLS/CPR training. C. the public receives the highest standard of care. D. the proper information is received in the billing department.

C. the public receives the highest standard of care.

The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called __________. Select one: A. patient empathy B. patient advocacy C. time management D. integrity

C. time management

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: Select one: A. speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient. B. never become involved in the move, only direct the move. C. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves. D. be positioned at the feet so the team can hear.

C. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. Select one: A. English-speaking patients or family members B. correct use of complex medical terminology C. verbal and nonverbal communication techniques D. supervision by advanced life support personnel

C. verbal and nonverbal communication techniques

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: Select one: A. undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis. B. ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date. C. wash your hands in between patient contacts. D. undergo an annual physical examination.

C. wash your hands in between patient contacts.

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: Select one: A. whenever you touch nonintact skin. B. during routine cleaning of the ambulance. C. when performing endotracheal intubation. D. while handling needles or other sharps.

C. when performing endotracheal intubation.

__________ is a circular system of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system.

Continuous quality improvement

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? Select one: A. 15-30 breaths/min B. 25-50 breaths/min C. 40-60 breaths/min D. 12-20 breaths/min

D. 12-20 breaths/min

Kidney function declines by _________________ between the ages of 20 and 90 years. Select one: A. 10% B. 20% C. 45% D. 50%

D. 50%

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Select one: A. 90 beats/min. B. 60 beats/min. C. 80 beats/min. D. 70 beats/min.

D. 70 beats/min.

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? Select one: A. Patients who are intoxicated are generally allowed to refuse treatment. B. All patients older than 18 years can legally refuse treatment or transport. C. Expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member. D. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

D. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

After stocking the ambulance this morning, you and your partner go out for breakfast. While entering the restaurant, you see an older gentleman clutch his chest and collapse to the floor. When you get to him, he has no pulse and is not breathing. To treat this patient, you will follow: Select one: A. off-line medical control. B. online medical control. C. protocols. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Components of the CISM system include: Select one: A. preincident stress education. B. defusings. C. spouse and family support. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Sexual harassment is defined as: Select one: A. any unwelcome sexual advance. B. unwelcome requests for sexual favors. C. unwelcome verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Standard radio operating procedures are designed to: Select one: A. reduce the number of misunderstood messages. B. keep transmissions brief. C. develop effective radio discipline. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? Select one: A. The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. B. The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. C. It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient. D. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

D. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers? Select one: A. Multilumen airways B. Needle decompression C. Automatic transport ventilators D. Automated external defibrillator

D. Automated external defibrillator

What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? Select one: A. Deviate from established standards when necessary. B. Carry an EMT text for reference at all times. C. Follow the agency's written protocols. D. Contact medical direction before initiating any treatments.

D. Contact medical direction before initiating any treatments.

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one: A. Reproductive B. Skeletal C. Nervous D. Endocrine

D. Endocrine

Good Samaritan laws generally are designed to offer protection to persons who render care in good faith. They do not offer protection from: Select one: A. providing supportive BLS to a DNR patient. B. properly performed CPR. C. improvising splinting materials. D. acts of negligence.

D. acts of negligence.

A 15-year-old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should: Select one: A. let them know that because of the circumstances of their child's death, they will not be permitted to see him at this time. B. express your sincere condolences over their loss and have them escorted away from the scene by a law enforcement officer. C. discreetly escort them to the back of the ambulance and allow them to see their child by themselves while you wait outside. D. advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first.

D. advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first.

During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: Select one: A. repeat your question because he probably did not hear you. B. ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea. C. tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions. D. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

D. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be: Select one: A. reported to the police. B. witnessed by a notary. C. authorized by a judge. D. an informed refusal.

D. an informed refusal.

An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: Select one: A. perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment and apply a cervical collar. B. slide a scoop stretcher under his buttocks and rotate him laterally. C. maintain manual stabilization of his head and grasp him by the clothes. D. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device.

D. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device.

Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it: Select one: A. defines who is most likely to transmit communicable diseases in the workplace. B. determines which type of communicable disease might be present in the workplace. C. determines the time of day when most exposures are likely to occur. D. defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

D. defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.

You are caring for a 35-year-old female with pregnancy-related complications. She is clearly experiencing significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your MOST appropriate action would be to: Select one: A. restrain her if she is extremely emotional and will not calm down. B. tell her that "everything will be all right" to calm her down. C. discourage her from expressing fears until a counselor is available. D. demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.

D. demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should: Select one: A. advise the emergency department physician that you feel as though the child was intentionally abused by his parents. B. advise the child's parents that this is a harmful practice and is considered a form of child abuse in the United States. C. acknowledge and respect this practice as a cultural belief, but advise the child's parents that it has no healing power. D. document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

D. document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

American Heart Association protocols are based on __________. Select one: A. theories ready for field trial B. opinions from a core group of cardiologists C. trends in the EMS community D. evidence-based research

D. evidence-based research

The quickest source of energy is ____________; however, this supply will last less than a day and is consumed in greater quantities during stress. Select one: A. carbohydrates B. fat C. protein D. glucose

D. glucose

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: Select one: A. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution. B. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases. C. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide. D. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

D. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: Select one: A. confusion among team members. B. causing patient anxiety or fear. C. unnecessarily wasting time. D. injury to you or your patient.

D. injury to you or your patient.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. Select one: A. thoracic B. coccyx C. lumbar D. sacrum

D. sacrum

You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is: Select one: A. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the head end. B. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the foot end. C. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the foot end. D. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end.

D. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end.

You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation. As you approach the doorway of the apartment, you hear screaming and the statement "He has a gun!" Your MOST appropriate action should be to: Select one: A. continue into the apartment using extreme caution. B. continue into the apartment and apprehend the gunman. C. get in your ambulance and leave the scene immediately. D. seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.

D. seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.

The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________. Select one: A. diplomacy B. self-confidence C. time management D. self-motivation

D. self-motivation

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should: Select one: A. stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs. B. guide your partner while moving the chair backwards. C. reposition your hands and continue to move the patient. D. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

D. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

When attempting to communicate with non-English-speaking patients, you should: Select one: A. shout. B. always use medical terms. C. position yourself so the patient can read your lips. D. use short, simple questions and simple words whenever possible.

D. use short, simple questions and simple words whenever possible.

When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: Select one: A. flexing your body at the knees. B. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher. C. the use of more than two EMTs. D. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.

D. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.

The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to: Select one: A. wear a heavy, thick jacket or coat. B. avoid outer clothing with zippers. C. wear socks made of heavy-duty cotton. D. wear at least three layers of clothing.

D. wear at least three layers of clothing.

A 9-1-1 dispatch center is called a public safety __________________, or PSAP.

access point

You are caring for a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate? Select one: A. "I notice that you are a retired paramedic, so I'm sure you will understand all of the things that we will be doing to you." B. "It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow." C. "This is nothing to worry about. Please try to stay calm. The physician at the hospital will probably not find any signs of a heart problem." D. "We need to take you to the ED stat. We will give you ASA and NTG en route and then reassess your vitals. Do you have any questions?"

am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."

One of the most dramatic recent developments in prehospital emergency care is the use of a(n) ______________ defibrillator.

automated external

Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? Select one: a. Patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation. b. Incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMS. c. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report. d. EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented.

c. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.