Module 1: The History and Scope of Psychology

Professor Boyd believes that children in every culture can distinguish between costs and benefits because humans have an inborn understanding of economics. This belief is most consistent with the views of: A. Plato. B. Aristotle. C. B. F. Skinner. D. Edward Titchener.

A. Plato

The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as: A. structuralism. B. naturalism. C. behaviorism. D. psychiatry.

A. Structuralism

In December of 1879, he created the very first psychology laboratory in Germany. A. Locke B. Wundt C. Bacon D. Titchener

B. Wundt

If a researcher focuses primarily on emotional responses, learned fears and other learned expectations, they are focusing on: A. biological influences. B. psychological influences. C. sociocultural influences. D. social-cultural influences.

B. psychological influences

Researchers continue to debate the origin of knowledge. Some believe that we are born with certain types of knowledge, while others believe that knowledge is gained through experience. Professor Risotto believes that children learn language through experiences. This approach is most similar to the ideas of: A. Descartes. B. Rogers. C. Aristotle. D. Plato.

C. Aristotle

Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information? A. psychodynamic B. social-cultural C. cognitive D. behavior genetics

C. Cognitive

Studies examining certain traits are helping to clarify the nature-nurture debate. For example, because ______________ have the same genes, researchers often include them in studies that examine the relative influence of environment and heredity on these traits. A. siblings B. fraternal twins C. identical twins D. offsprings

C. Identical twins

In debating the origins of knowledge, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of: A. structuralism and introspection. B. behavior. C. nature and nurture. D. applied research.

C. Nature and nurture

Wilhelm Wundt was both a _______________ and _______________. A. theologian; philosopher B. sociologist; psychiatrist C. physiologist; philosopher D. psychoanalyst; psychiatrist

C. Physiologist; philosopher

If a clinician focuses primarily on the presence of others and peer and other group influences, they are focusing on: A. biological influences. B. psychological influences. C. psychosocial influences. D. social-cultural influences.

D. Social-cultural influences

Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? A. Watkins B. Calkins C. Milburn D. Washburn

D. Washburn

Psychologists who today focus on the adaptive function of behaviors and emotions (that is, those who study behaviors and emotions that appear to have allowed our ancestors to survive) would likely consider __________________ as an early representative of their approach to psychology. A. Sigmund Freud B. Edward Titchener C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James

D. William James

Is alcohol misuse biologically determined or culturally influenced? This debate is most relevant to the issue of: A. structuralism versus functionalism. B. behavior versus mental processes. C. observation versus introspection. D. nature versus nurture.

D. nature vs nurture